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Herbicidal activity and biochemical characteristics of the botanical drupacine against Amaranthus retroflexus L.

YU Hua-long, TIAN Ci, SHEN Rong-yan, ZHAO Han, YANG Juan, DONG Jin-gao, ZHANG Li-hui, MA Shu-jie

2023, 22 (5): 1434-1444. DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.120

Abstract （686） PDF in ScienceDirect

Botanical herbicide has been a hot topic in the research and development of novel pesticides. The herbicidal activity and biochemical characteristics of the botanical compound drupacine were studied by evaluating its effects on seed germination, seedling growth, morphological and physiological characteristics of Amaranthus retroflexus. Drupacine inhibited seed germination and seedling growth, and had a median inhibition concentration (IC₅₀) value of 38.99 mg L⁻¹ against A. retroflexus root. The α-amylase activity and soluble sugar content in treated plants were significantly lower than that of the control. The expression of α-amylase gene was dosage-dependently inhibited compared to the untreated control. This suggested that inhibition of α-amylase activity was a mode of action on seed germination. The root hairs were significantly decreased and part of the root cap fell off after treatment with drupacine. The ultrastructure observation showed that cell damage of root tips increased with the treatment time. Drupacine also increased the relative conductivity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were significantly enhanced in the treatment compared to the control. These findings indicated that the physiological and biochemical reaction changes leading to morphological and membrane injuries were the main effects of drupacine on the inhibition of seedling growth. Drupacine can be developed as a botanical herbicide.

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Comparative transcriptome analysis of different nitrogen responses in low-nitrogen sensitive and tolerant maize genotypes

DU Qing-guo, YANG Juan, Shah SYED MUHAMMAD SADIQ, YANG Rong-xin, YU Jing-juan, LI Wen-xue

2021, 20 (8): 2043-2055. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63220-8

Abstract （204） PDF in ScienceDirect

Although previous researches have greatly increased our general knowledge on plant responses to nitrogen (N) stress, a comprehensive understanding of the different responses in crop genotypes is still needed. This study evaluated 304 maize accessions for low-N tolerance under field conditions, and selected the low-N sensitive Ye478 and low-N tolerant Qi319 for further investigations. After a 5-day low-N treatment, the typical N-deficient phenotype with yellowing older leaves was observed in Ye478 but not in Qi319. After the 5-day low-N stress, 16 RNA libraries from leaf and root of Ye478 and Qi319 were generated. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the root of Qi319 up-regulated by special N deficiency were mainly enriched in energy-related metabolic pathways, including tricarboxylic acid metabolic process and nicotinamide metabolic process. Consistent with yellowing older leaves only observed in Ye478, the special N deficiency-responsive DEGs related to thylakoid, chloroplast, photosynthetic membrane, and chloroplast stroma pathways were repressed by low-N stress in Ye478. A total of 216 transcription factors (TFs), including ZmNLP5, were identified as special N deficiency-responsive TFs between Qi319 and Ye478, indicating the importance of transcriptional regulation of N stress-responsive pathway in different tolerance to low-N stress between crop genotypes. In addition, 15 miRNAs were identified as DEGs between Qi319 and Ye478. Taken together, this study contributes to the understanding of the genetic variations and molecular basis of low-N tolerance in maize.

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Genetic diversity and population structure of Commelina communis in China based on simple sequence repeat markers

YANG Juan, YU Hai-yan, LI Xiang-ju, DONG Jin-gao

2018, 17 (10): 2292-2301. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)61906-9

Abstract （394） PDF in ScienceDirect

Commelina communis (Asiatic dayflower) is a troublesome weed in China. Genetic variation of 46 C. communis populations from different collection sites in our country was investigated using 12 simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer pairs. Polymorphism analysis results showed high level of genetic diversity among these populations. The alleles (bands) were amplified by these primer pairs. The polymorphic proportion was 18.25%, and the average polymorphism information content was 0.1330. The highest effective number of alleles was 1.9915 at locus YP33, and the lowest value was 1.0000 at both loci YP25 and YP31. C. communis showed major average observed heterozygosity value (0.8655) than that of average expected heterozygosity (0.1330). C. communis populations were divided into three groups on the basis of unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean cluster analysis (Dice genetic similarity coefficient=0.772) and genetic structure analysis (K=3), and a principal coordinate analysis. The results of this study further illustrated that C. communis populations contained abundant genetic information, and the 12 SSR markers could detect the microsatellite loci of C. communis genomic DNA. These results might indicate that C. communis maintains high genetic diversity among different populations.

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Isolation and identification of Serratia marcescens Ha1 and herbicidal activity of Ha1 ‘pesta’ granular formulation

YANG Juan, WANG Wei, YANG Peng, TAO Bu, YANG Zheng, ZHANG Li-hui, DONG Jin-gao

2015, 14 (7): 1348-1355. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(14)60967-9

Abstract （2038） PDF in ScienceDirect

A total of 479 bacterial strains were isolated from brine (Bohai, Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province, China). Bioassay results indicated that 4 strains named Ha1, Ha17, Ha38, and Ha384 had herbicidal activity. And strain Ha1 had the highest effective herbicidal activity. As a result, this study aims to identify strain Ha1, characterize its physiological and biological activities, evaluate the herbicidal activity of its metabolites, and develop a ‘pesta’ formulation and assess its effectiveness on Digitaria sanguinalis. Ha1 was identified as Serratia marcescens based on 16S rDNA sequencing. This strain has a flagellum, a diameter of 0.5 to 0.8 μm, and a length of 0.9 to 2.0 μm. The indole test shows positive results, and the catalase enzyme exhibits strong positive reactions. Results further showed that the inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the crude extracts to D. sanguinalis radicula and coleoptile were 3.332 and 2.828 mg mL–1, respectively. Both the suppression of D. sanguinalis and the cell viability of the Ha1 formulation in ‘pesta’ were higher when stored at 4°C than at (25±2)°C. These results indicated that S. marcescens Ha1 can potentially be used as a biocontrol agent against D. sanguinalis.

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Isolation, Identification, and Herbicidal Activity of Metabolites Produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa CB-4

YANG Juan, CAO Hong-zhe, WANG Wei, ZHANG Li-hui , DONG Jin-gao

2014, 13 (8): 1719-1726. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60695-4

Abstract （1796） PDF in ScienceDirect

CB-4, a bacterial strain with highly effective herbicidal activity, was isolated from infected corn leaves. Through morphology, physiological and biochemical tests, and 16S ribosomal DNA gene sequencing methods, CB-4 was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We conducted activity-evaluation experiments in the laboratory to assess the herbicidal potential of metabolites produced by strain CB-4. Crude extracts of strain CB-4 have high inhibition activity on Digitaria sanguinalis. In general, the root and shoot growth parameters of D. sanguinalis were significantly reduced by metabolites of strain CB-4. The IC50 of the culture filtrate extracts for the radicula and coleoptile of D. sanguinalis were 0.299 and 0.210 mg mL-1, respectively. Component 2 of the herbicidal activity of the crude toxin from strain CB-4 was successfully purified for the first time by using high-speed counter current chromatography with a two-phase solvent system composed of petroleum ether-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (4:5:4:5, v/v) and high-performance liquid chromatography. We concluded that the metabolites of strain CB-4 have the potential to be developed as a microbe-based herbicide.

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Isolation and Structural Speculation of Herbicide-Active Compounds from the Metabolites of Pythium aphanidermatum

ZHANG Li-hui, ZHANG Jin-lin, LIU Ying-chao, CAO Zhi-yan, HAN Jian-min, YANG Juan , DONG Jingao

2013, 12 (6): 1026-1032. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60295-6

Abstract （1219） PDF in ScienceDirect

Natural herbicides, or environment-friendly bioherbicides have been attracted more and more attentions. Isolation and structural identification of natural herbicide-active compounds from plant pathogens has been proved to be an effective approach for novel lead discovery of the pesticide development. In this study, the metabolites of the mutant strain PAM1, which obtained from PA1 of Pythium aphanidermatum (Eds.) Fitzp by ultraviolet radiation were separated and identified by HPLC, NMR, and IR. The results revealed that three active compounds including 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid and two indole derivatives, exhibited inhibition activity on the elongation of radical and coleoptile of Digtaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.

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