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Potential global distribution of the guava root-knot nematode Meloidogyne enterolobii under different climate change scenarios using MaxEnt ecological niche modeling

PAN Song, PENG De-liang, LI Ying-mei, CHEN Zhi-jie, ZHAI Ying-yan, LIU Chen, HONG Bo

2023, 22 (7): 2138-2150. DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.06.022

Abstract （139） PDF in ScienceDirect

In recent years, Meloidogyne enterolobii has emerged as a major parasitic nematode infesting many plants in tropical or subtropical areas. However, the regions of potential distribution and the main contributing environmental variables for this nematode are unclear. Under the current climate scenario, we predicted the potential geographic distributions of M. enterolobii worldwide and in China using a Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model with the occurrence data of this species. Furthermore, the potential distributions of M. enterolobii were projected under three future climate scenarios (BCC-CSM2-MR, CanESM5 and CNRM-CM6-1) for the periods 2050s and 2090s. Changes in the potential distribution were also predicted under different climate conditions. The results showed that highly suitable regions for M. enterolobii were concentrated in Africa, South America, Asia, and North America between latitudes 30° S to 30° N. Bio16 (precipitation of the wettest quarter), bio10 (mean temperature of the warmest quarter), and bio11 (mean temperature of the coldest quarter) were the variables contributing most in predicting potential distributions of M. enterolobii. In addition, the potential suitable areas for M. enterolobii will shift toward higher latitudes under future climate scenarios. This study provides a theoretical basis for controlling and managing this nematode.

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Dietary aflatoxin B1 induces abnormal deposition of melanin in the corium layer of the chicken shank possibly via promoting the expression of melanin synthesis-related genes

WANG Yong-li, HUANG Chao, YU Yang, CAI Ri-chun, SU Yong-chun, CHEN Zhi-wu, ZHENG Maiqing, CUI Huan-xian

2023, 22 (6): 1847-1856. DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.04.001

Abstract （232） PDF in ScienceDirect

San-Huang chicken is a high-quality breed in China with yellow feather, claw and break. However, the abnormal phenomenon of the yellow shank turning into green shank of San-Huang chicken has been a concern, as it seriously reduces the carcass quality and economic benefit of yellow-feathered broilers. In this study, the cause of this abnormal green skin in shank was systematically investigated. Physiological anatomy revealed that the abnormal skin in shank was primarily due to the deposition of melanin under the dermis. After analyzing multiple potential causes such as heredity (pedigree and genetic markers), environment (water quality monitoring) and feed composition (mycotoxin detection), excessive aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in feed was screened, accompanied with a higher L-dihydroxy-phenylalanine (L-DOPA) (P<0.05) and melanin content (P<0.01). So it was speculated that excessive AFB1 might be the main cause of abnormal green skin in shank. Subsequently, the further results showed that a high concentration of AFB1 (>170 μg kg^–1) indeed induced the abnormal green skin in shank compared to the normal AFB1 content (<10 μg kg^–1), and the mRNA levels of TYR, TYRP1, MITE, MC1R and EDN3 genes related to melanin deposition would significantly up-regulate (P<0.01) and the content and activity of tyrosinase (TyR) significantly increased (P<0.05). At the same time, the content of L-DOPA and melanin deposition also increased significantly (P<0.01), which also confirmed the effect of excessive AFB1 on melanin deposition in skin of shank. Results of additional experiments revealed that the AFB1’s negative effect on melanin deposition in skin of shank could last for a longer time. Taken together, the results of this study explained the occurrence and possible mechanisms of the abnormal AFB1-related green skin in shank of chickens. Excessive AFB1 in diets increased the L-DOPA content and melanin abnormal deposition in the chicken shank possibly via promoting TyR content and activity, and the expression of melanin synthesis-related genes. Furthermore, our findings once again raised the alarm of the danger of AFB1 in the broiler production.

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NH₄Cl promotes apoptosis and inflammation in bovine mammary epithelial cells via the circ02771/miR-194b/TGIF1 axis

CHEN Zhi, LIANG Yu-sheng, ZONG Wei-cheng, GUO Jia-he, ZHOU Jing-peng, MAO Yong-jiang, JI De-jun, JIAO Pei-xin, Juan J LOOR, YANG Zhang-ping

2022, 21 (4): 1161-1176. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63812-1

Abstract （219） PDF in ScienceDirect

Excess ammonia (NH3) in the circulation of dairy animals can reduce animal health and the quality of products for human consumption. To develop effective prevention and treatment methods, it is essential to examine the molecular mechanisms through which excess NH3 may affect the mammary gland. The present study used bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) to evaluate the effects of exogenous NH₄Cl on the abundance of circular RNAs (circRNAs) using high-throughput sequencing. Among the identified circRNAs, circ02771 was the most significantly upregulated by exogenous NH₄Cl (P<0.05), with a fold change of 4.12. The results of the apoptosis and proliferation assays, transmission electron microscopy, H&E staining, and immunohistochemistry revealed that circ02771 increased apoptosis and inflammation. A double luciferase reporter assay revealed that circ02771 targeted miR-194b, and the overexpression of circ02771 (pcDNA-circ02771) reduced (P<0.05) the expression of miR-194b and led to apoptosis and inflammation. Circ02771 also enhanced the expression of transforming growth factor beta-induced factor homeobox 1 (TGIF1), which is a target gene of miR-194b. Overall, this study suggests that the circ02771/miR-194b/TGIF1 axis plays a role in mediating the effects of NH₄Cl on BMECs. Therefore, this axis provides a novel target to help control hazards within the mammary gland from high circulating NH₄Cl levels.

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MiR-140 downregulates fatty acid synthesis by targeting transforming growth factor alpha (TGFA) in bovine mammary epithelial cells

CHU Shuang-feng, ZHAO Tian-qi, Abdelaziz Adam Idriss ARBAB, YANG Yi, CHEN Zhi, YANG Zhang-ping

2022, 21 (10): 3004-3016. DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.07.039

Abstract （323） PDF in ScienceDirect

Fat is an indispensable nutrient and basic metabolite for sustaining life, and milk is particularly rich in fatty acids, including a variety of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. MicroRNA (miRNA) and mRNA play an important role in the regulation of milk fat metabolism in mammary gland tissue. It has been shown that lipid metabolism has a complex transcriptional regulation, but the mechanism by which milk fat synthesis is regulated through miRNA–mRNA interactions is poorly understood. In this study, we performed transcriptome sequencing with bovine mammary gland tissue in the late lactation (270 and 315 days after parturition) to identify the key gene that regulating milk fat metabolism. A total of 1 207 differentially coexpressed genes were selected, 828 upregulated genes and 379 downregulated genes were identified. The transforming growth factor alpha (TGFA) gene was selected as the target gene, and luciferase reporter assay, Western blotting and qRT-PCR were used for further study. The results demonstrated that miR-140 was an upstream regulator of TGFA, and miR-140 could inhibit (P<0.01) unsaturated fatty acid and triglyceride (TAGs) production in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). In contrast, TGFA promoted (P<0.01) unsaturated fatty acid and TAG production. Rescue experiments further indicated the miR-140/TGFA regulatory mechanism. Taken together, these results suggest that the miR-140/TGFA pathway can inhibit (P<0.01) milk fat metabolism and improve milk quality by genetic means.

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Breeding of CMS maintainer lines through anther culture assisted by high-resolution melting-based markers

WANG Ping, BAI Yu-lu, WANG Min-xia, HU Bin-hua, PU Zhi-gang, ZHANG Zhi-yong, ZHANG Qiong, XU Deng-wu, LUO Wen-long, CHEN Zhi-qiang

2020, 19 (12): 2965-2973. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63179-3

Abstract （101） PDF in ScienceDirect

The integrated use of molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS) and anther culture has potential to significantly increase efficiency in plant breeding; however, reports on this kind of practical use are very limited. In the present study, we report the development of cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) maintainers with aroma, disease resistance and red-brown hulls, as an example of integration of MAS and anther culture in rice breeding. A high-resolution melting (HRM)-based functional molecular marker was developed for the red-brown hull trait caused by a unique mutation (rbh1) in OsCAD2. Functional molecular markers for genes of rice blast resistance (Pi2), aroma (fgr) and red-brown hull (rbh1) were used for precise genotyping of individual plants in the BC₁ and BC₂F₂ populations derived from a cross between CMS maintainers Huaxiang B (pi2–/rbh1–/fgr–) and Rong 3B (Pi2+/RBH1+/Fgr+). A total of 89 doubled haploid (DH) lines were generated from selected BC₂F₂ plants (Pi2+/rbh1–/fgr–) by anther culture. Seven DH lines were subsequently selected as the potential new CMS maintainers based on their overall performance and high resistance to blast. Our study demonstrated that integration of MAS and anther culture significantly accelerated the development of CMS maintainers with multiple stacked genes.

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Yield characteristics of japonica/indica hybrids rice in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China

XU Dong, ZHU Ying, CHEN Zhi-feng, HAN Chao, HU Lei, QIU Shi, WU Pei, LIU Guo-dong, WEI Hai-yan, ZHANG Hong-cheng

2020, 19 (10): 2394-2406. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62872-8

Abstract （103） PDF in ScienceDirect

Although a lot of researches have been done on yield characteristics of japonica/indica hybrid rice, there is little information on differences of yield characteristics between different types of hybrid. To determine common characteristics of japonica/indica hybrid rice (JIHR) and identify the differences between different types of JIHR, the present study assessed yield characteristics, such as panicle trait, leaf area index (LAI), above-ground biomass accumulation, and nitrogen absorption and utilization, among three types of cultivar of JIHR. In our field experiments, three types of JIHR, e.g., Yongyou, Chunyou and Jiayouzhongke, were divided, and each of them has two cultivars, which were used as materials, meanwhile, using conventional japonica rice (CJR) Wuyingjing 31 and Sujing 9 were as controls. The results showed that the mean yield of those JIHR was above 12 t ha^–1 in 2017 and 2018, and was 31.9 and 32.2%, respectively higher than that of CJR in the two years. Spikelet number per panicle of JIHR resulted in high yield. Higher yield of JIHR was likely contributed to greater panicle number and more spikelets per panicle. Higher yielding JIHR showed stronger tillering capacity, larger LAI and above-ground biomass accumulation from jointing to heading stages, which likely contributed to the higher number of spikelets per panicle. The long duration from heading to maturity stages allowed more nitrogen accumulation of higher yielding JIHR.

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Removal of Cd and Pb with biochar made from dairy manure at low temperature

CHEN Zhi-liang, ZHANG Jian-qiang, HUANG Ling, YUAN Zhi-hui, LI Zhao-jun, LIU Min-chao

2019, 18 (1): 201-210. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)61987-2

Abstract （286） PDF in ScienceDirect

Biochar (BC) derived from waste products is a cost-effective sorbent for remediation of metal-contaminated soils. We studied the kinetics and adsorption mechanisms for removal of metal ions, such as lead (Pb²⁺) and cadmium (Cd²⁺) with biochar. The adsorption capacities of BC for ^Pb2+ and Cd²⁺ increased after alkaline treatment. The highest sorption capacities were 175.53 and 68.08 mg g^–1, for Pb and Cd, respectively. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm and pseudo second kinetic equation could well fit the adsorption processes, revealing that the sorption mechanisms of Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ by BC are complex and predominantly controlled by chemisorption. BC has a higher affinity for Pb than Cd, due to easy hydrolysis of Pb at low pH. Furthermore, precipitation as carbonate minerals (2PbCO₃·Pb(OH)₂ and _CdCO3) and complexation with functional groups (carboxyl and hydroxyl) were also important for adsorption of Pb and Cd by BC.

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Effects of slow or controlled release fertilizer types and fertilization modes on yield and quality of rice

WEI Hai-yan, CHEN Zhi-feng, XING Zhi-peng, ZHOU Lei, LIU Qiu-yuan, ZHANG Zhen-zhen, JIANG Yan, HU Ya-jie, ZHU Jin-yan, CUI Pei-yuan, DAI Qi-gen, ZHANG Hong-cheng

2018, 17 (10): 2222-2234. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)62052-0

Abstract （469） PDF in ScienceDirect

There is limited information about the influence of slow or controlled release fertilizer (S/CRF) on rice yield and quality. In this study, japonica rice cultivar Nanjing 9108 was used to study the effects of three different S/CRFs (polymer-coated urea (PCU), sulfur-coated urea (SCU), and urea formaldehyde (UF)) and two fertilization modes (both S/CRF and common urea (CU) as basal fertilizer, S/CRF as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer) on rice yield and quality. CU only was applied separately as control (CK). Results showed that, rice grain yield, chalky kernel rate, chalky area, overall chalkiness, and the content of gliadin, glutenin, and protein, all showed the trends of UF>PCU>SCU within the same fertilization mode, and showed the trends of S/CRF as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer>both S/CRF and CU as basal fertilizer within the same type of S/CRF. In contrast, the contents of amylose, amylopectin, and starch, as well as taste value, and peak and hot viscosity showed trends of SCU>PCU>UF, and the trends of both S/CRF and CU as basal fertilizer>S/CRF as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer. Among S/CRF treatments and fertilization modes, taste values of cooked rice were positively correlated with amylose, amylopectin, and starch contents, as well as gel consistency, peak viscosity, hot viscosity, and cool viscosity, while negatively correlated with globulin, gliadin, glutenin, and protein contents. The types of S/CRF and fertilization modes are important for improving rice yield and quality. Compared to CK, higher yield and similar quality of rice was achieved with UF as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer, and similar yield with improved appearance and eating and cooking quality of rice was achieved with either both UF and CU as basal fertilizer, or PCU as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer.

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Development of elite restoring lines by integrating blast resistance and low amylose content using MAS

XIAO Wu-ming, PENG Xin, LUO Li-xin, LIANG Ke-qin, WANG Jia-feng, HUANG Ming, LIU Yong-zhu, GUO Tao, LUO Wen-long, YANG Qi-yun, ZHU Xiao-yuan, WANG Hui, CHEN Zhi-qiang

2018, 17 (01): 16-27. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61684-8

Abstract （652） PDF in ScienceDirect

Blast resistance and grain quality are major problems in hybrid rice production in China. In this study, two resistance (R) genes, Pi46 and Pita, along with the gene Wx^b, which mainly affects rice endosperm amylose content (AC), were introgressed into an elite indica restoring line, R8166, which has little blast resistance and poor grain quality through marker-assisted selection (MAS). Eight improved lines were found to have recurrent genome recovery ratios ranging from 88.68 to 96.23%. Two improved lines, R163 and R167, were selected for subsequent studies. R167, which has the highest recovery ratio (96.23%), showed no significant differences in multiple agronomic traits. In contrast, R163 with the lowest recovery ratio (88.68%) exhibited significant differences in heading date and yield per plant compared with the recurrent parent. At two developmental stages, R163 and R167 had greatly enhanced resistance to blast over the recurrent parent. Similar trends were also observed for agronomic traits and blast resistance in R163- and R167-derived hybrids when compared with the counterparts from R8166. In addition, R163, R167, and their derived hybrids significantly improved the grain quality traits, including amylose content (AC), gel consistency (GC), chalky grain rate (CGR), and degree of endosperm chalkiness (DEC). It confirmed the success of efficiently developing elite restoring lines using MAS in this study.

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Significant association of the novel Rf4-targeted SNP marker with the restorer for WA-CMS in different rice backgrounds and its utilization in molecular screening

CHEN Li-kai, YAN Xian-cheng, DAI Jun-hao, CHEN Si-ping, LIU Yong-zhu, WANG Hui, CHEN Zhiqiang, GUO Tao

2017, 16 (10): 2128-2135. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61620-9

Abstract （785） PDF in ScienceDirect

In the rice cytoplasmic-genetic male sterility (CMS) system, the combination of a CMS line, maintainer line and restorer line carrying the restorer gene to restore fertility, is indispensable for the development of hybrids. However, the process of screening for the trait of fertility restoration is laborious and time-consuming. In the present study, we analyzed the nucleotide sequence of the Rf4 gene, which is the major locus controlling fertility restoration, to identify allele-specific variation. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) A/C at +474 in the coding sequence (CDS) was found to be capable of strictly distinguishing groups of alleles Rf4 (A) and rf4 (C). Using KASP genotyping, this valuable SNP was converted to an allele-specific PCR marker. We evaluated and validated the marker among three-line parents with different backgrounds, and the results revealed a complete correlation between SNP alleles and the fertility restoration phenotype. Molecular screening was subsequently carried out for the presence of alleles of Rf4 and Rf3 among 328 diverse rice cultivars with worldwide distribution. The results demonstrate that this SNP marker could be the optimal choice for the molecular identification of potential restorers.

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Pyramiding of Pi46 and Pita to improve blast resistance and to evaluate the resistance effect of the two R genes

XIAO Wu-ming, LUO Li-xin, WANG Hui, GUO Tao, LIU Yong-zhu, ZHOU Ji-yong, ZHU Xiao-yuan, YANG Qi-yun, CHEN Zhi-qiang

2016, 15 (10): 2290-2298. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61415-6

Abstract （1828） PDF in ScienceDirect

Utilization of R (resistance) genes to develop resistant cultivars is an effective strategy to combat against rice blast disease. In this study, R genes Pi46 and Pita in a resistant accession H4 were introgressed into an elite restorer line Hang-Hui-179 (HH179) using the marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABB) procedure. As a result, three improved lines (e.g., R1791 carrying Pi46 alone, R1792 carrying Pita alone and R1793 carrying both Pi46 and Pita) were developed. The three improved lines had significant genetic similarities with the recurrent parent HH179. Thus, they and HH179 could be recognized as near isogenic lines (NILs). The resistance spectrum of the three improved lines, which was tested at seedling stage, reached 91.1, 64.7 and 97.1%, respectively. This was markedly broader than that of HH179 (23.5%). Interestingly, R1793 showed resistance to panicle blast but neither R1791 nor R1792 exhibited resistance at two natural blast nurseries. The results implied that the stacking of Pi46 and Pita resulted in enhanced resistance, which was unachievable by either R gene alone. Further comparison indicated that the three improved lines were similar to HH179 in multiple agronomic traits; including plant height, tillers per plant, panicle length, spikelet fertility, and 1 000-grain weight. Thus, the three improved lines with different R genes can be used as new sources of resistance for developing variety. There is a complementary effect between the two R genes Pi46 and Pita.

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Genetic Analysis and Mapping of an Enclosed Panicle Mutant Locus esp1 in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

DUAN Yuan-lin, GUAN Hua-zhong, ZHUO Ming, CHEN Zhi-wei, LI Wen-tao, PAN Run-sen, MAO Da-mei, ZHOU Yuan-chang, WU Wei-ren

2012, 12 (12): 1933-1939. DOI: 10.1016/S1671-2927(00)8729

Abstract （1879） PDF in ScienceDirect

A mutant was isolated from the M2 of 60Co-g ray mutagenized male-fertility restorer line Zao-R974 in rice. The mutant showed pleiotropic phenotypes including dwarfism, delayed heading time, short and partially enclosed panicles, short uppermost internode, decreased grain and secondary branch numbers per panicle, and partially degenerated spikelets. The mutant was named as esp1 (enclosed shorter panicle 1). Genetic analysis indicated that the mutant phenotype was controlled by a recessive locus. Spraying exogenous GA3 did not rescue the panicle enclosure. Using an F2 and a BC1 population of the cross between esp1 and a japonica cultivar Nipponbare, we mapped the ESP1 locus to a region of ~260 kb on chromosome 11. This result provides a basis for further map-based cloning of the ESP1 locus.

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