Ding Y G, Zhang X B, Ma Q, Li F J, Tao R R, Zhu M, Li C Y, Zhu X K, Guo W S, Ding J F. 2023. Tiller fertility is critical for improving grain yield, photosynthesis, and nitrogen efficiency in wheat. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 22, 2054–2066.

Dou Y X, Zhao H B, Yang H M, Wang T, Liu G F, Wang Z H, Malhi S. 2024. The first factor affecting dryland winter wheat grain yield under various mulching measures: Spike number. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 23, 836–848.

Duan T, Chapman S, Guo Y, Zheng B. 2017. Dynamic monitoring of NDVI in wheat agronomy and breeding trials using an unmanned aerial vehicle. Field Crops Research, 210, 71–80.

Gao Y X, Shao Y Q, Wang J Q, Hu B, Feng H J, Qu Z M, Liu Z G, Zhang M, Li C L, Liu Y L. 2024. Effects of straw returning combined with blended controlled-release urea fertilizer on crop yields, greenhouse gas emissions, and net ecosystem economic benefits: A nine-year field trial. Journal of Environmental Management, 356, 120633.

Geng J, Chen J, Sun Y, Zheng W, Tian X, Yang Y, Li C, Zhang M. 2016. Controlled release urea improved nitrogen use efficiency and yield of wheat and corn. Agronomy Journal, 108, 1666–1673.

Hassan M A, Yang M J, Rasheed A, Yang G J, Reynolds M, Xia X C, Xiao Y G, He Z H. 2019. A rapid monitoring of NDVI across the wheat growth cycle for grain yield prediction using a multi-spectral UAV platform. Plant Science, 282, 95–103.

Hu S Y, Qiao B W, Yang Y H, Rees R M, Huang W H, Zou J, Zhang L, Zheng H Y, Liu S Y, Shen S J. 2023. Optimizing nitrogen rates for synergistically achieving high yield and high nitrogen use efficiency with low environmental risks in wheat production - Evidences from a long-term experiment in the North China Plain. European Journal of Agronomy, 142, 126681.

Jiang Z R, Chen Q L, Liu D, Tao W K, Gao S, Li J Q, Lin C H, Zhu M C, Ding Y F, Li W W. 2024. Application of slow-controlled release fertilizer coordinates the carbon flow in carbon–nitrogen metabolism to effect rice quality. BMC Plant Biology, 24, 621.

Ke J, Sun J, Chen T T, Tao S B, Zhu T Z, Yin C J, He H B, You C C, Wu L Q, Guo S S. 2023. Effects of mixed fertilizers formed by the compounding of two targeted controlled-release nitrogen fertilizers on yield, nitrogen use efficiency, and ammonia volatilization in double-cropping rice. The Crop Journal, 11, 628–637.

Ke J, Xing X M, Li G H, Ding Y F, Dou F G, Wang S H, Liu Z H, Tang S, Ding C Q, Chen L. 2017. Effects of different controlled-release nitrogen fertilisers on ammonia volatilisation, nitrogen use efficiency and yield of blanket-seedling machine-transplanted rice. Field Crops Research, 205, 147–156.

Kong X F, Hou R X, Yang G. 2024. Effects of climactic warming on the starch and protein content of winter wheat grain under conservation tillage in the North China Plain. Soil and Tillage Research, 238, 105995.

Lawrencia D, Wong S K, Low D Y S, Goh B H, Goh J K, Ruktanonchai U R, Soottitantawat A, Lee L H, Tang S Y. 2021. Controlled release fertilizers: A review on coating materials and mechanism of release. Plants, 10, 238.

Li C L, Wang Y, Li Y X, Zhu L, Cao Y Q, Zhao X H, Feng G Z, Gao Q. 2020. Mixture of controlled-release and normal urea to improve nitrogen management for maize across contrasting soil types. Agronomy Journal, 112, 3101–3113.

Li G H, Zhao B, Dong S T, Zhang J W, Liu P, Ren B Z, Lu D L, Lu W P. 2019. Morphological and physiological characteristics of maize roots in response to controlled-release urea under different soil moisture conditions. Agronomy Journal, 111, 1849–1864.

Li J P, Wang Z M, Yao C S, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Zhang Y H. 2021. Micro-sprinkling irrigation simultaneously improves grain yield and protein concentration of winter wheat in the North China Plain. The Crop Journal, 9, 1397–1407.

Li R C, Gao Y X, Chen Q, Li Z L, Gao F, Meng Q M, Li T G, Liu A R, Wang Q, Wu L, Wang Y, Liu Z G, Zhang M. 2021. Blended controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer with straw returning improved soil nitrogen availability, soil microbial community, and root morphology of wheat. Soil and Tillage Research, 212, 105045.

Lyu X X, Yang Y C, Li Y C, Fan X H, Wan Y S, Geng Y Q, Zhang M. 2015. Polymer-coated tablet urea improved rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency. Agronomy Journal, 107, 1837–1844.

Ma Q, Qian Y S, Yu Q Q, Cao Y F, Tao R R, Zhu M, Ding J F, Li C Y, Guo W S, Zhu X K. 2023. Controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer application mitigated N losses and modified microbial community while improving wheat yield and N use efficiency. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 349, doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2023.108445.

Ma Q, Sun Q, Zhang X B, Li F J, Ding Y G, Tao R T, Zhu M, Ding J F, Li C Y, Guo W S, Zhu X K. 2022a. Controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer management influences grain yield in winter wheat by regulating flag leaf senescence post-anthesis and grain filling. Food and Energy Security, 11, e361.

Ma Q, Tao R R, Ding Y G, Zhang X B, Li F J, Zhu M, Ding J F, Li C Y, Guo W S, Zhu X K, Sheng H J. 2022b. Can split application of slow-release fertilizer improve wheat yield, nitrogen efficiency and their stability in different ecological regions? Agronomy, 12, 407.

Ma Q, Wang M Y, Zheng G L, Yao Y, Tao R R, Zhu M, Ding J F, Li C Y, Guo W S, Zhu X K. 2021. Twice-split application of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer met the nitrogen demand of winter wheat. Field Crops Research, 267, 108163.

Morris C F, Engle D A, Kiszonas A M. 2020. Breeding, selection, and quality characteristics of soft white wheat. Cereal Foods World, 65, 53.

Naz M Y, Sulaiman S A. 2016. Slow release coating remedy for nitrogen loss from conventional urea: A review. Journal of Controlled Release, 225, 109–120.

Rekowski A, Wimmer M A, Hitzmann B, Hermannseder B, Hahn H, Zörb C. 2020. Application of urease inhibitor improves protein composition and bread-baking quality of urea fertilized winter wheat. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 183, 260–270.

De Santis M A, Giuliani M M, Flagella Z, Reyneri A, Blandino M. 2020. Impact of nitrogen fertilisation strategies on the protein content, gluten composition and rheological properties of wheat for biscuit production. Field Crops Research, 254, 107829.

Shakoor A, Xu Y L, Wang Q, Chen N Y, He F, Zuo H F, Yin H X, Yan X Y, Ma Y H, Yang S Y. 2018. Effects of fertilizer application schemes and soil environmental factors on nitrous oxide emission fluxes in a rice-wheat cropping system, east China. PLoS ONE, 13, e0202016.

Shang Q S, Wang Y P, Tang H, Sui N, Zhang X S, Wang F. 2021. Genetic, hormonal, and environmental control of tillering in wheat. The Crop Journal, 9, 986–991.

Sieling K, Kage H. 2021. Apparent fertilizer N recovery and the relationship between grain yield and grain protein concentration of different winter wheat varieties in a long-term field trial. European Journal of Agronomy, 124, 126246.

Wang Q, Wen J, Wen Y J, Zhang Y, Zhang N, Wang Y N, Bai L Y, Su S M, Zeng X B. 2021. Alteration of soil-surface electrochemical properties by organic fertilization to reduce dissolved inorganic nitrogen leaching in paddy fields. Soil and Tillage Research, 209, 104956.

Wang Y Q, Peng Y, Lin J Q, Wang L X, Jia Z K, Zhang R. 2023. Optimal nitrogen management to achieve high wheat grain yield, grain protein content, and water productivity: A meta-analysis. Agricultural Water Management, 290, 108587.

Yan S C, Wu Y, Fan J L, Zhang F C, Guo J J, Zheng J, Wu L F. 2022. Optimization of drip irrigation and fertilization regimes to enhance winter wheat grain yield by improving post-anthesis dry matter accumulation and translocation in Northwest China. Agricultural Water Management, 271, 107782.

Yang X Y, Li C L, Zhang Q, Liu Z G, Geng J B, Zhang M. 2017. Effects of polymer-coated potassium chloride on cotton yield, leaf senescence and soil potassium. Field Crops Research, 212, 145–152.

Yang Y C, Zhang M, Zheng L, Cheng D D, Liu M, Geng Y Q. 2011. Controlled release urea improved nitrogen use efficiency, yield, and quality of wheat. Agronomy Journal, 103, 479–485.

Yin L J, Dai X L, He M R. 2018. Delayed sowing improves nitrogen utilization efficiency in winter wheat without impacting yield. Field Crops Research, 221, 90–97.

Yu X, Keitel C, Zhang Y, Wangeci A N, Dijkstra F A. 2022. Global meta-analysis of nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in rice, wheat and maize. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 338, 108089.

Yu X R, Chen X Y, Wang L L, Yang Y, Zhu X W, Shao S S, Cui W X, Xiong F. 2017. Novel insights into the effect of nitrogen on storage protein biosynthesis and protein body development in wheat caryopsis. Journal of Experimental Botany, 68, 2259–2274.

Zhang G X, Liu S J, Dong Y J, Liao Y C, Han J. 2022a. A nitrogen fertilizer strategy for simultaneously increasing wheat grain yield and protein content: Mixed application of controlled-release urea and normal urea. Field Crops Research, 277, 108405.

Zhang G X, Zhao D H, Liu S J, Liao Y C, Han J. 2022b. Can controlled-release urea replace the split application of normal urea in China? A meta-analysis based on crop grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency. Field Crops Research, 275, 108343.

Zhang S H, Qi X H, Gao M Y, Dai C J, Yin G H, Ma D Y, Feng W, Guo T C, He L. 2024. Estimation of wheat protein content and wet gluten content based on fusion of hyperspectral and RGB sensors using machine learning algorithms. Food Chemistry, 448, 139103.

Zheng B Q, Fang Q, Zhang C X, Mahmood H, Zhou Q, Li W Y, Li X N, Cai J, Wang X, Zhong Y X, Huang M, Cao W X, Dai T B, Jiang D. 2020. Reducing nitrogen rate and increasing plant density benefit processing quality by modifying the spatial distribution of protein bodies and gluten proteins in endosperm of a soft wheat cultivar. Field Crops Research, 253, 107831.

Zheng B Q, Zhang X Q, Wang Q, Li W Y, Huang M, Zhou Q, Cai J, Wang X, Cao W X, Dai T B, Jiang D. 2021. Increasing plant density improves grain yield, protein quality and nitrogen agronomic efficiency of soft wheat cultivars with reduced nitrogen rate. Field Crops Research, 267, 108145.

Zheng W K, Zhang M, Liu Z G, Zhou H Y, Lu H, Zhang W T, Yang Y C, Li C L, Chen B C. 2016. Combining controlled-release urea and normal urea to improve the nitrogen use efficiency and yield under wheat–maize double cropping system. Field Crops Research, 197, 52–62.

Zhu T Z, Yin C J, Zhu T C, Zhou P F, Wu L Q, Wang G J, He H B, You C C, Zhang Q W, Ke J. 2024. Delaying panicle nitrogen application to emergence of 3rd leaf from flag leaf increases the grain-filling ability and yield of large-panicle rice by increasing stem nonstructural carbohydrates at heading. Field Crops Research, 312, 109405.