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Journal of Integrative Agriculture  2024, Vol. 23 Issue (5): 1507-1522    DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.05.012
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Irrigation regimes modulate non-structural carbohydrate remobilization and improve grain filling in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by regulating starch metabolism

Yuguang Zang1, 2, Gaozhao Wu1, 2, Qiangqiang Li1, 2, Yiwen Xu1, 2, Mingming Xue1, 2, Xingyu Chen1, 2, Haiyan Wei1, 2, Weiyang Zhang1, 2, Hao Zhang1, 2, Lijun Liu1, 2, Zhiqin Wang1, 2, Junfei Gu1, 2#, Jianchang Yang1, 2#

1 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China

2 Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China

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摘要  

近年来培育的产量潜力更大的超级水稻品种经常遇到灌浆不良的问题,尤其是弱势粒的灌浆。本文从水稻茎鞘与籽粒中与淀粉代谢相关的酶活性,以及与碳水化合物运输相关的微观结构开展研究以阐明灌溉措施对籽粒灌浆的影响。本试验中设置两个水分处理:常规灌溉(WW)和轻干湿交替灌溉(AWMD)。与常规灌溉处理相比,轻干湿交替灌溉处理提高了水稻花前茎鞘中ADP葡萄糖焦磷酸化(AGPase)、淀粉合酶(StSase)和淀粉分支酶(SBE)的活性,同时促进了花前茎鞘中非结构性碳水化合物(NSCs)的积累。抽穗后,轻干湿交替灌溉处理提高了茎鞘中α-淀粉酶、β-淀粉酶、蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)和蔗糖合成酶(合成方向,SSs)活性,促进了茎鞘中非结构性碳水化合物活化与向籽粒的转运。在籽粒灌浆过程中,轻干湿交替灌溉处理提高了弱势粒中蔗糖合成酶(裂解方向,SSc)、AGPaseStSaseSBE的酶活性,促进了籽粒灌浆,尤其是弱势粒的灌浆。但两处理之间维管束超微结构并无显著变化。在本研究中,通过优化灌溉方式,水稻产量和粒重分别提高了13.1%7.5%。通过本研究,我们认为淀粉代谢关键酶活性是影响籽粒灌浆充实程度的关键因素,而韧皮部结构对物质转运并无影响。轻干湿交替灌溉可以通过调控淀粉代谢关键酶的活性,从而促进花前茎鞘中非结构性碳水化合物的积累,提高花后茎鞘中非结构型碳水化合物的活化与转运,增加籽粒灌浆效率,尤其是弱势粒灌浆。



Abstract  

Recently developed ‘super’ rice cultivars with greater yield potentials often suffer from the problem of poor grain filling, especially in inferior spikelets.  Here, we studied the activities of enzymes related to starch metabolism in rice stems and grains, and the microstructures related to carbohydrate accumulation and transportation to investigate the effects of different water regimes on grain filling.  Two ‘super’ rice cultivars were grown under two irrigation regimes of well-watered (WW) and alternate wetting and moderate soil drying (AWMD).  Compared with the WW treatment, the activities of ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), starch synthase (StSase) and starch branching enzyme (SBE), and the accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) in the stems before heading were significantly improved, and more starch granules were stored in the stems in the AWMD treatment.  After heading, the activities of α-amylase, β-amylase, sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and sucrose synthase in the synthetic direction (SSs) were increased in the stems to promote the remobilization of NSCs for grain filling under AWMD.  During grain filling, the enzymatic activities of sucrose synthase in the cleavage direction (SSc), AGPase, StSase and SBE in the inferior spikelets were increased, which promoted grain filling, especially for the inferior spikelets under AWMD.  However, there were no significant differences in vascular microstructures.  The grain yield and grain weight could be improved by 13.1 and 7.5%, respectively, by optimizing of the irrigation regime.  We concluded that the low activities of key enzymes in carbon metabolism is the key limitation for the poor grain filling, as opposed to the vascular microstructures, and AWMD can increase the amount of NSC accumulation in the stems before heading, improve the utilization rate of NSCs after heading, and increase the grain filling, especially in the inferior spikelets, by altering the activities of key enzymes in carbon metabolism.

Keywords:  rice (Oryza sativa L.)        non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs)        enzyme activity        grain-filling        starch granules        vascular bundle   
Received: 06 March 2023   Accepted: 29 March 2023
Fund: 

This project was finically supported by the R&D Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (BE2022425), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFD2300304) and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher-Education Institutions, China (PAPD).

About author:  #Correspondence Junfei Gu, Tel/Fax: +86-514-87979317, E-mail: gujf@yzu.edu.cn; Jianchang Yang, Tel/Fax: +86-514-87979317, E-mail: jcyang@yzu.edu.cn

Cite this article: 

Yuguang Zang, Gaozhao Wu, Qiangqiang Li, Yiwen Xu, Mingming Xue, Xingyu Chen, Haiyan Wei, Weiyang Zhang, Hao Zhang, Lijun Liu, Zhiqin Wang, Junfei Gu, Jianchang Yang. 2024.

Irrigation regimes modulate non-structural carbohydrate remobilization and improve grain filling in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by regulating starch metabolism . Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 23(5): 1507-1522.

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