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| Synthesize dual goals: A study on China’s ecological poverty alleviation system |
| LEI Ming1, 2, YUAN Xuan-yu2, YAO Xin-yan2 |
1 Institute on Poverty Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R.China
2 Guanghua School of Management, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R.China |
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摘要
如何打破贫困与生态环境恶化的恶性循环一直受到广泛关注和讨论。在中国的扶贫实践中，生态扶贫 (EPA) 被认为是一项将扶贫与环保相结合以达成两者双赢的重要举措。一方面，尽管中国学者有关生态扶贫的大量研究取得了有益成果，但他们并未认识到生态扶贫不是各种政策的简单组合，而是一个涉及多种政策工具、政府机构、社会力量和代理关系的复杂系统。另一方面，国际上的相关研究更多关注于生态扶贫的某一项具体内容，如生态补偿等，而对生态扶贫的系统性概念缺乏详细的阐释，对中国生态扶贫的整体实践也缺乏关注。本文基于在中国贵州省进行的实地调研，提出了一个包含多主体的治理系统以阐释生态扶贫这一概念，并通过案例对这一系统内的关键要素及其相互关联进行分析，从而揭示这一系统的基本运行机制。生态扶贫系统的运作能力是实现扶贫开发与生态保护两者共赢目标的关键，首先，要加强系统内各主体之间的互动，建立稳定的沟通机制；其次，要强化各政策子系统中不同要素之间的联系，如不同生态产业的协同发展、生态移民搬迁前、中、后各环节的系统化等；最后，要促进子系统间的互动，使生态建设、生态产业、异地搬迁三者相互促进，最终达成贫困地区扶贫与生态保护的协调。
Abstract How to break the vicious cycle of poverty and ecological degradation is widely concerned and discussed. In the poverty alleviation practices in China, ecological poverty alleviation (EPA) is regarded as an important way to synthesize the dual goals of poverty reduction and environmental protection and to achieve the win-win outcomes. Many Chinese researchers have fruitful research achievements on EPA yet they do not recognize that EPA is not a simple combination of various policies, but a complex system involving multiple policy instruments, governmental agencies, social forces, and agents. However, few studies abroad illustrate EPA in detail. They focus more on specific components of EPA such as payment for ecosystem services while overlooking the integral concept of EPA and practices from China. Based on field research in Guizhou Province, China, this paper proposes a framework of EPA with an effective multi-agent and co-government system, for demonstrating the concept and practice of EPA. With case analysis, we illustrate key elements in this system and their relationships, and how they play a vital role in pursuing win-win outcomes in environmental protection and poverty alleviation. The three dimensions of this EPA system have been discussed. The first is to strengthen the interaction among the agents. Many efforts should be made for establishing an efficient communication routine and a stable relationship among their interests. The second is to reinforce the connection between diverse elements in each policy subsystem, such as the systematization and coordination of the ecological industry development, the systematization of the links before, during, and after the relocation of ecological immigrants, etc. The third is to promote the interactions between the three subsystems, so that ecological enhancement, ecological compensation, and industrial development, and migration and relocation can promote each other, and ultimately promote the coordination of poverty alleviation and ecological protection in poverty-stricken areas. Thus, this paper analyzes how to establish the communication routine among the relevant agents of EPA, the interaction among the internal elements of the subsystems, and the relationship between the subsystems in series, trying to reveal the basic operating mechanism of the system.
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Received: 02 December 2020
Accepted:
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Corresponding Authors:
Correspondence YUAN Xuan-yu, E-mail: 1801110958@pku.edu.cn
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| About author: LEI Ming, Tel: +86-10-62756243, E-mail: leiming@gsm.pku.edu.cn; |
Cite this article:
LEI Ming, YUAN Xuan-yu, YAO Xin-yan.
2021.
Synthesize dual goals: A study on China’s ecological poverty alleviation system. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 20(4): 1042-1059.
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