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Decrease in abscisic acid (ABA) to jasmonates (JAs) (ABA/JAs) ratio in lodicules induces glume unclosing of two-line hybrid rice grains under high temperature stress during anthesis

Jing Chen1, Suyao Yang1, Zhaoao Xu1, Shenglei Jiang1Feifei Li1, Huaxun Ye2, Yongxin Zhang2, Xiangqian Zhao1#, Jianchang Yang3#

1 College of Advanced Agricultural Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China

2 Southern Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding, Wenzhou Vocational Collge of Science and Technology (Wenzhou Academy of Agriculture Sciences), Wenzhou 325006, China

3 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China 

 Highlights 

 ● Heat stress during anthesis leads to glume-unclosing of grains of the two-line hybrid rice.

 ● Both abscisic acid and jasmonates regulate the glume-closing of the grain under heat stress.

 ● A higher ratio of abscisic acid to jasmonates and optimal levels of ABA and JAs contribute to reducing the glume-unclosing rate of grains.

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摘要  

开花期高温胁迫导致的两系杂交稻种子裂颖,严重降低其制种产量和品质。脱落酸(ABA)和茉莉酸类(JAs),包括茉莉酸(JA)和茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA),是缓解非生物胁迫的重要激素。但关于它们是独立或协同调控裂颖的机制知之甚少。本研究以四个水稻光温敏核不育系及其恢复系为材料,采用盆钵栽培,在开花期进行高温处理。测定浆片ABAJAMeJA浓度,分析其与开花期颖花开颖率,闭颖率,裂颖率的关系。研究发现,高温胁迫显著降低了浆片中ABA/JAs比值和颖花开颖后的闭颖率。高温胁迫下,两系不育系浆片中ABAJAs在适当浓度下,ABA/JAs比值越高,其裂颖率越低。高温胁迫下喷施50 μmol L-1 ABA+10 μmol L-1 MeJA可有效降低颖花和稻谷的裂颖率。以上结果表明,高温胁迫下ABAJAs协同参与调控水稻光温敏核不育系的闭颖,且在适宜浓度下提高ABA/JAs比值可降低两系杂交稻种子的裂颖。



Abstract  

Glume unclosing induced by high-temperature (HT) stress during anthesis negatively affects the seed production and quality of two-line hybrid rice. ABA and JAs, including jasmonic acid (JA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA), are essential hormones that mediate abiotic stress. However, the independent or synergistic mechanisms by which these hormones mediate glume unclosing remain poorly understood. Four photo-thermo-sensitive genic male sterile (PTSGMS) rice lines and their hybrids were pot-grown and subjected to HT stress during anthesis. The concentrations of ABA, JA, and MeJA in lodicules and their correlations with the rates of glume-opened (palea and lemma opened during anthesis), glume-closed (palea and lemma closed after opening), and glume-unclosed (palea and lemma failed to close after opening) spikelets were analyzed. The findings revealed that HT significantly reduced the ABA/JAs ratio in the lodicules and markedly increased the glume-unclosing rate after spikelet opening. Two-line hybrid rice with higher ABA/JAs ratios and appropriate levels of ABA and JAs in the lodicules under HT stress demonstrated lower rates of glume-unclosed spikelets. External application of 50 μmol L-1 ABA+10 μmol L-1 MeJA effectively decreased the glume-unclosing of spikelets and enhanced grain yield of two-line hybrid rice under HT stress. The results indicate that both ABA and JAs mediate glume closing of PTSGMS rice lines, and that an elevated ratio of ABA to JAs and appropriate contents of ABA and JAs contribute to reducing the glume-unclosing rate of two-line hybrid rice under HT stress.

Keywords:  glume-unclosing       ABA/JAs ratio        two-line rice        high temperature        anthesis  
Online: 14 October 2025  
Fund: 

This work was financially supported by National Science Foundation of China [grant numbers 32071943, 31872853, 31871557], Jiangsu Provincial Department of Education and Yangzhou University [grant number JS-2020-217], Zhejiang A&F University Research Development Fund [grant number 203402001301], Zhejiang A&F University Undergraduate Research Training Program in 2024.

About author:  #Correspondence Jianchang Yang, E-mail: ricechina@hotmail.com; jcyang@yzu.edu.cn

Cite this article: 

Jing Chen, Suyao Yang, Zhaoao Xu, Shenglei Jiang, Feifei Li, Huaxun Ye, Yongxin Zhang, Xiangqian Zhao, Jianchang Yang. 2025. Decrease in abscisic acid (ABA) to jasmonates (JAs) (ABA/JAs) ratio in lodicules induces glume unclosing of two-line hybrid rice grains under high temperature stress during anthesis. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, Doi:10.1016/j.jia.2025.10.004

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