Ablimit R, Li W K, Zhang J D, Gao H N, Zhao Y M, Cheng M M, Meng X Q, An L Z, Chen Y. 2022. Altering microbial community for improving soil properties and agricultural sustainability during a 10-year maize-green manure intercropping in Northwest China. Journal of Environmental Management, 321, 115859-115871.

Agnihotri R, Sharma M P, Prakash A, Ramesh A, Bhattacharjya S, Patra A K, Manna M C, Kurganova I, Kuzyakov Y. 2022. Glycoproteins of arbuscular mycorrhiza for soil carbon sequestration: Review of mechanisms and controls. Science of the Total Environment, 806, 150571-150581.

Amelung W, Bossio D, de Vries W, Kögel Knabner I, Lehmann J, Amundson R, Bol R, Collins C, Lal R, Leifeld J, Minasny B, Pan G, Paustian K, Rumpel C, Sanderman J, van Groenigen J W, Mooney S, van Wesemael B, Wander M, Chabbi A. 2020. Towards a global-scale soil climate mitigation strategy. Nature Communications, 11, 5427.

Ansari M A, Choudhury B U, Layek J, Das A, Lal R, Mishra V K. 2022. Green manuring and crop residue management: Effect on soil organic carbon stock, aggregation, and system productivity in the foothills of Eastern Himalaya (India). Soil & Tillage Research, 218, 105318.

Bauçà S C, Marqués A, Vidal N L, Bota J, Baraza E. 2019. Long-term establishment of natural green cover provides agroecosystem services by improving soil quality in a Mediterranean vineyard. Ecological Engineering, 127, 285-291.

Beillouin D, Corbeels M, Demenois J, Berre D, Boyer A, Fallot A, Feder F, Cardinael R. 2023. A global meta-analysis of soil organic carbon in the Anthropocene. Nature Sustainability, 14, 3700.

Bossio D, Cook Patton S, Ellis P, Fargione J, Sanderman J, Smith P, Wood S, Zomer R, Von Unger M, Emmer I. 2020. The role of soil carbon in natural climate solutions. Nature Sustainability, 3, 391-398.

Brooker R W, Bennett A E, Cong W F, Daniell T J, George T S, Hallett P D, Hawes C, Iannetta P P M, Jones H G, Karley A J. 2014. Improving intercropping: A synthesis of research in agronomy, plant physiology and ecology. New Phytologist, 206, 107-117.

Chai Q, Nemecek T, Liang C, Zhao C, Yu A Z, Coulter J A, Wang Y F, Hu F L, Wang L, Siddique K H. 2021. Integrated farming with intercropping increases food production while reducing environmental footprint. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 118, e2106382118.

Chai Q, Qin A Z, Gan Y T, Yu A Z. 2014. Higher yield and lower carbon emission by intercropping maize with rape, pea, and wheat in arid irrigation areas. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 34, 535-543.

Chen H Q, Hou R X, Gong Y X, Li H W, Fan M S, Kuzyakov Y. 2009. Effects of 11 years of conservation tillage on soil organic matter fractions in wheat monoculture in Loess Plateau of China. Soil & Tillage Research, 106, 85-94.

Chen H Q, Liang Q, Gong Y S, Kuzyakov Y, Fan M S, Plante A F. 2019. Reduced tillage and increased residue retention increase enzyme activity and carbon and nitrogen concentrations in soil particle size fractions in a long-term field experiment on Loess Plateau in China. Soil & Tillage Research, 194, 104296-104303.

Chen Y, Zhang X D, He H B, Xie H T, Yan Y, Zhu P, Ren J, Wang L C. 2010. Carbon and nitrogen pools in different aggregates of a Chinese Mollisol as influenced by long-term fertilization. Journal of Soils & Sediments, 10, 1018-1026.

Chenu C, Angers D A, Barré P, Derrien D, Arrouays D, Balesdent J. 2019. Increasing organic stocks in agricultural soils: Knowledge gaps and potential innovations. Soil & Tillage Research, 188, 41-52.

Cong W F, Ruijven J V, Mommer L, Deyn G B D, Hoffland E. 2014. Plant species richness promotes soil carbon and nitrogen stocks in grasslands without legumes. Journal of Ecology, 102, 1163-1170.

Cotrufo M F, Ranalli M G, Haddix M L, Six J, Lugato E. 2019. Soil carbon storage informed by particulate and mineral-associated organic matter. Nature Geoscience, 12, 989-994.

Ding X L, Han X Z. 2014. Effects of long-term fertilization on contents and distribution of microbial residues within aggregate structures of a clay soil. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 50, 549-554.

Donhauser J, Qi W, Pinto B B, Frey B. 2020. High temperatures enhance the microbial genetic potential to recycle C and N from necromass in high‐mountain soils. Global Change Biology, 27, 1365-1386.

Elfstrand S, Hedlund K, Mårtensson A. 2007. Soil enzyme activities, microbial community composition and function after 47 years of continuous green manuring. Applied Soil Ecology, 35, 610-621.

Franke A C, Laberge G, Oyewole B D, Schulz S. 2008. A comparison between legume technologies and fallow, and their effects on maize and soil traits, in two distinct environments of the West African savannah. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 82, 117-135.

Gou Z W, Yin W, Asibi A E, Fan Z L, Chai Q, Cao W D. 2022. Improving the sustainability of cropping systems via diversified planting in arid irrigation areas. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 42, 1-16.

Han F, Guo R, Hussain S, Guo S, Cai T, Zhang P, Jia Z, Naseer M A, Saqib M, Chen X. 2023. Rotation of planting strips and reduction in nitrogen fertilizer application can reduce nitrogen loss and optimize its balance in maize–peanut intercropping. European Journal of Agronomy, 143, 126707-126720.

Hartley I P, Hill T C, Chadburn S E, Hugelius G. 2021. Temperature effects on carbon storage are controlled by soil stabilisation capacities. Nature Communications, 12, 6713.

Hauggaard Nielsen H, Jensen E S. 2005. Facilitative root interactions in intercrops. Plant and Soil, 274, 237-250.

Hazra K K, Nath C P, Singh U, Praharaj C S, Kumar N, Singh S S, Singh N P. 2019. Diversification of maize-wheat cropping system with legumes and integrated nutrient management increases soil aggregation and carbon sequestration. Geoderma, 353, 308-319.

He Y T, Zhang W J, Xu M G, Tong X G, Sun F X, Wang J Z, Huang S M, Zhu P, He X H. 2015. Long-term combined chemical and manure fertilizations increase soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in aggregate fractions at three typical cropland soils in China. Science of the Total Environment, 532, 635-644.

Heanes D L. 1984. Determination of total organic-C in soils by an improved chromic acid digestion and spectrophotometric procedure. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 15, 1191-1213.

Hu Q J, Jiang T, Thomas B W, Chen J, Xie J, Hu Y X, Kong F i, Yang Y, Chen X P, Zhang Y T, Shi X J. 2023. Legume cover crops enhance soil organic carbon via microbial necromass in orchard alleyways. Soil & Tillage Research, 234, 105858.

Hu Q J, Zhang Y T, Cao W D, Yang Y Y, Hu Y X, He T G, Li Z Y, Wang P, Chen X P, Chen J, Shi X J. 2024. Legume cover crops sequester more soil organic carbon than non-legume cover crops by stimulating microbial transformations. Geoderma, 450, 117024.

Kabiri V, Raiesi F, Ghazavi M A. 2015. Six years of different tillage systems affected aggregate-associated SOM in a semi-arid loam soil from Central Iran. Soil & Tillage Research, 154, 114-125.

Kazmierczak T, Yang L, Boncompagni É, Meilhoc E, Brouquisse R. 2020. Legume nodule senescence: A coordinated death mechanism between bacteria and plant cells. Advances in Botanical Research, 94, 181-212.

Kong A Y Y, Six J, Bryant D C, Denison R F, van Kessel C. 2005. The relationship between carbon input, aggregation, and soil organic carbon stabilization in sustainable cropping systems. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 69, 1078-1085.

Lal R. 2004a. Offsetting China's CO₂ emissions by soil carbon sequestration. Climatic Change, 65, 263-275.

Lal R. 2004b. Soil carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change. Geoderma, 123, 1-22.

Lal R, Delgado J A, Groffman P M, Millar N, Dell C, Rotz A. 2011. Management to mitigate and adapt to climate change. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 66, 276-285.

Li H, Yang S, Semenov M V, Yao F, Ye J, Bu R C, Ma R A, Lin J, Kurganova I, Wang X G, Deng Y, Kravchenko I, Jiang Y, Kuzyakov Y. 2021. Temperature sensitivity of SOM decomposition is linked with a k-selected microbial community. Global Change Biology, 27, 2763-2779.

Li H T, Fan Z L, Wang Q M, Wang G C, Yin W, Zhao C, Yu A Z, Cao W D, Chai Q, Hu F L. 2023. Green manure and maize intercropping with reduced chemical N enhances productivity and carbon mitigation of farmland in arid areas. European Journal of Agronomy, 145, 126788.

Li X F, Wang Z G, Bao X G, Sun J H, Yang S C, Wang P, Wang C B, Wu J P, Liu X R, Tian X L. 2021. Long-term increased grain yield and soil fertility from intercropping. Nature Sustainability, 4, 943-950. 

Liu K L, Han T F, Huang J, Huang Q H, Li D M, Hu Z H, Yu X C, Muhammad Q, Ahmed W, Hu H W. 2019. Response of soil aggregate-associated potassium to long-term fertilization in red soil. Geoderma, 352, 160-170.

Liu R, Jiang P, Zhou G P, Chang D N, Liang H, Chai Q, Cao W D. 2024. Co-incorporation of wheat straw and hairy vetch reduced soil N₂O emission via regulating nitrifier and denitrifier structure on the Qinghai Plateau. Applied Soil Ecology, 202, 105574.

Liu W X, Wei Y X, Li R C, Chen Z, Wang H D, Virk A L, Lal R, Zhao X, Zhang H L. 2022. Improving soil aggregates stability and soil organic carbon sequestration by no-till and legume-based crop rotations in the North China Plain. Science of the Total Environment, 847, 157518.

Lu X F, Gilliam F S, Guo J Y, Hou E Q, Kuang Y W. 2021. Decrease of soil acidity has greater effects than increase of aboveground carbon inputs on soil organic carbon in terrestrial ecosystems of China under nitrogen enrichment. Journal of Applied Ecology, 59, 768-778.

Martens D A. 2000. Plant residue biochemistry regulates soil carbon cycling and carbon sequestration. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 32, 361-369.

De Medeiros E V, Silva A O, Duda G P, Dos Santos U J, Junior A J D S. 2018. The combination of Arachis pintoi green manure and natural phosphate improves maize growth, soil microbial community structure and enzymatic activities. Plant and Soil, 435, 175.170-185.170.

Minasny B, Malone B P, Mcbratney A B, Angers D A, Winowiecki L A. 2017. Soil carbon 4 per mille. Geoderma, 292, 59-86.

Nakamoto T, Suzuki K. 2001. Influence of soybean and maize roots on the seasonal change in soil aggregate size and stability. Plant Production Science, 4, 317-319.

Patoine G, Eisenhauer N, Cesarz S, Phillips H R P, Xu X, Zhang L, Guerra C A. 2022. Drivers and trends of global soil microbial carbon over two decades. Nature Communications, 13, 4195.

Qiu Q Y, Wu L F, yang Z O, Li B B, Xu Y Y, Wu S S, Gregorich E G. 2016. Priming effect of maize residue and urea N on soil organic matter changes with time. Applied Soil Ecology, 100, 65.60-74.60.

Ren S, Terrer C, Li J, Cao Y F, Yang S S, Liu D. 2024. Historical impacts of grazing on carbon stocks and climate mitigation opportunities. Nature Climate Change, 14, 1-7.

Rockström J, Williams J, Daily G, Noble A, Matthews N, Gordon L, Wetterstrand H, DeClerck F, Shah M, Steduto P, de Fraiture C, Hatibu N, Unver O, Bird J, Sibanda L, Smith J. 2017. Sustainable intensification of agriculture for human prosperity and global sustainability. Ambio, 46, 4-17.

Sainju U, Whitehead W, Singh B. 2003. Cover crops and nitrogen fertilization effects on soil aggregation and carbon and nitrogen pools. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 83, 155-165.

Six J, Conant R T, Paul E A, Paustian K. 2002. Stabilization mechanisms of soil organic matter: Implications for C-saturation of soils. Plant and Soil, 241, 155-176.

Six J, Elliott E T, Paustian K. 2000. Soil structure and soil organic matter: II. A normalized stability index and the effect of mineralogy. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 64, 1042-1049.

Sun T, Mao X L, Han K F, Wang X J, Cheng Q, Liu X, Zhou J J, Ma Q X, Ni Z H, Wu L H. 2023. Nitrogen addition increased soil particulate organic carbon via plant carbon input whereas reduced mineral−associated organic carbon through attenuating mineral protection in agroecosystem. Science of the Total Environment, 899, 165705.

Tian X L, Wang C B, Bao X G, Wang P, Li X F, Yang S C, Ding G C, Christie P, Li L. 2019. Crop diversity facilitates soil aggregation in relation to soil microbial community composition driven by intercropping. Plant and Soil, 436, 173-192.

Udom B, Nuga B, Adesodun J. 2016. Water-stable aggregates and aggregate-associated organic carbon and nitrogen after three annual applications of poultry manure and spent mushroom wastes. Applied Soil Ecology, 101, 5-10.

Walkley A, Black I A. 1934. An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science, 37, 29–38.

Wang J, Sun X, Du L, Sun W, Wang X, Gaafar A R Z, Zhang P, Cai T, Liu T, Jia Z, Chen X, Ren X. 2024. Appropriate fertilization increases carbon and nitrogen sequestration and economic benefit for straw-incorporated upland farming. Geoderma, 441, 116743.

Wang W, Chen G, Li M Y, Chen Y, Wang Y, Tao H, Hou H, Rehman M M U, Ashraf M, Song Y, Kavagi L, Wang B Z, Xiong Y. 2024. Long-term cereal-legume intercropping accelerates soil organic carbon loss in subsoil of dryland. Resources Conservation and Recycling, 211, 107898.

Wang W, Li M, Zhu S, Khan A, Tao X, Liu H, Zhang W, Tao H, Gong D, Song C, Xiong Y. 2023. Plant facilitation improves carbon production efficiency while reducing nitrogen input in semiarid agroecosystem. Catena, 230, 107247.

Wang X, Chen Y, Yang K, Duan F, Liu P, Wang Z, Wang J. 2021. Effects of legume intercropping and nitrogen input on net greenhouse gas balances, intensity, carbon footprint and crop productivity in sweet maize cropland in South China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 314, 127997-128006.

Wang Y, Pang J, Zhang M, Tian Z, Wei T, Jia Z, Ren X, Zhang P. 2023. Is adding biochar be better than crop straw for improving soil aggregates stability and organic carbon contents in film mulched fields in semiarid regions? -Evidence of 5-year field experiment. Journal of Environmental Management, 338, 117711.

Wang Y D, Wang Z L, Zhang Q Z, Hu N, Li Z F, Lou Y L, Li Y, Xue D M, Chen Y, Wu C Y. 2018. Long-term effects of nitrogen fertilization on aggregation and localization of carbon, nitrogen and microbial activities in soil. Science of the Total Environment, 624, 1131-1139.

Wang Y L, Wu P N, Qiao Y B, Li Y M, Liu S M, Gao C K, Liu C S, Shao J, Yu H L, Zhao Z H, Guan X K, Wen P F, Wang T C. 2023. The potential for soil C sequestration and N fixation under different planting patterns depends on the carbon and nitrogen content and stability of soil aggregates. Science of the Total Environment, 897, 165430. 

Xie Z, Tu S, Shah F, Xu C, Chen J, Han D, Liu G, Li H, Muhammad I, Cao W. 2016. Substitution of fertilizer-N by green manure improves the sustainability of yield in double-rice cropping system in south China. Field Crops Research, 188, 142-149.

Xu X R, Zhang W J, Xu M G, Li S Y, An T T, Pei J B, Xiao J, Xie H T, Wang J K. 2016. Characteristics of differently stabilised soil organic carbon fractions in relation to long-term fertilisation in Brown Earth of Northeast China. Science of the Total Environment, 572, 1101-1110.

Yan Z J, Zhou J, Liu C Y, Jia R, Mganga K Z, Yang L, Yang Y D, Peixoto L, Zang H D, Zeng Z H. 2023. Legume-based crop diversification reinforces soil health and carbon storage driven by microbial biomass and aggregates. Soil & Tillage Research, 234, 105848.

Yan Z J, Zhou J, Nie J W, Yang Y D, Zhao J, Zeng Z H, Marshall M R, Peixoto L, Zang H D. 2021. Do cropping system and fertilization rate change water-stable aggregates associated carbon and nitrogen storage? Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 28, 65862-65871.

Yang X L, Xiong J R, Du T S, Ju X T, Gan Y T, Li S, Xia L L, Shen Y J, Pacenka S, Steenhuis T S, Siddique K H M, Kang S Z, Butterbach-Bahl K. 2024. Diversifying crop rotation increases food production, reduces net greenhouse gas emissions and improves soil health. Nature Communications, 15, 198.

Zhang D B, Yao P W, Zhao N, Cao W D, Zhang S Q, Li Y Y, Huang D L, Zhai B N, Wang Z H, Gao Y J. 2018. Building up the soil carbon pool via the cultivation of green manure crops in the Loess Plateau of China. Geoderma, 337, 425-433.

Zhang W J, Munkholm L J, Liu X, An T T, Xu Y D, Ge Z, Xie N H, Li A M, Dong Y Q, Peng C, Li S Y, Wang J K. 2023. Soil aggregate microstructure and microbial community structure mediate soil organic carbon accumulation: Evidence from one-year field experiment. Geoderma, 430, 116324.

Zhang X, Lassaletta L. 2022. Manure management benefits climate with limits. Nature Food, 3, 312-313.

Zhang X X, Gregory A S, Whalley W R, Coleman K, Illangasekare T H. 2021. Relationship between soil carbon sequestration and the ability of soil aggregates to transport dissolved oxygen. Geoderma, 403, 115370.

Zhang Y C, Zuo Q Y, Du B B, Chen W L, Wei D, Huang Q Y. 2018. Contrasting responses of bacterial and fungal communities to aggregate-size fractions and long-term fertilizations in soils of northeastern China. Science of the Total Environment, 635, 784-792. 

Zhang Z H, Jun N, Liang H, Wei C L, Yun W, Liao Y L, Lu Y H, Zhou G G, Gao S J, Cao W D. 2022. The effects of co-utilizing green manure and rice straw on soil aggregates and soil carbon stability in a paddy soil in South China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 22, 1529-1545.

Zhao H L, Shar A G, Li S, Chen Y L, Shi J L, Zhang X Y, Tian X H. 2018. Effect of straw return mode on soil aggregation and aggregate carbon content in an annual maize-wheat double cropping system. Soil & Tillage Research, 175, 178-186.

Zhao X P, Hao C K, Zhang R Q, Jiao N Y, Tian J, Lambers H, Liang C, Cong W F, Zhang F S. 2023. Intercropping increases soil macroaggregate carbon through root traits induced microbial necromass accumulation. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 185, 109146.

Zhou P, Zhang X X, Pan G X. 2006. Effect of long-term fertilization on content of total and particulate organic carbon and their depth distribution of a paddy soil: An example of huangnitu from the Tai Lake region,China. Plant Nutrition & Fertilizer Science, 12, 765-771. (in Chinese)