Plastic film mulching increases maize yields and mitigates NH3 emissions under climate change and N deposition

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2025.02.047

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Plastic film mulching increases maize yields and mitigates NH₃ emissions under climate change and N deposition

Kaiping Zhang¹^,², Yufei Li¹, Li Zhang³^,⁴^,⁵, Pingxing Wan¹, Ning Chai¹, Yuling Li¹, Wucheng Zhao¹, Matthew Tom Harrison⁶, Yakov Kuzyakov⁷^,⁸^,⁹, Fengmin Li¹^,¹⁰, Feng Zhang^1#

¹State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China

²School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China

³Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China

⁴Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China

⁵Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China

⁶Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Newnham Drive, Launceston, Tasmania 7428, Australia

⁷Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Department of Agricultural Soil Science, University of Goettingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany

⁸Peoples Friendship University of Russia, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, 420049 Kazan, Russia

⁹Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, 420049 Kazan, Russia

¹⁰College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China

Highlights

l PFM decreased NH₃ emissions by reducing pH, increasing water contents, and by barrier effects.

l Daily NH₃ emissions under PFM were only driven by soil NH₄ content.

l NH₃ emissions increased continuously under the high radiative forcing scenario with N.

Abstract
References

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摘要

地膜覆盖（PFM）通过减少水分损失和提高土壤温度，在半干旱地区提高了作物产量，而这些地区的作物生产也是氨气（NH₃）排放的重要来源。高温下强的氮矿化作用与地膜对NH₃扩散的阻隔效应之间存在着复杂的交互作用，这使得PFM对NH₃排放的影响机制尚不明确。因此，本文的研究目标是：（1）评估PFM对田间条件下NH₃排放的影响；（2）利用反硝化-分解模型（DNDC）识别气候变化和大气氮沉降下玉米产量和NH₃排放的变化。实验包括四种处理：（1）无地膜覆盖且不施氮肥（control）；（2）地膜覆盖且不施氮肥（PFM）；（3）施氮肥且不使用地膜覆盖（N）；（4）地膜覆盖且施氮肥（PFM+N）。结果表明，PFM在与氮肥结合使用时，提高了玉米产量（211%）和产量的稳定性。PFM通过三种机制减少了35%的NH₃排放：（1）PFM的高水分含量饱和了土壤孔隙，阻碍了NH₃向大气的扩散；（2）PFM的高温湿润条件加速了硝化作用，从而提高了尿素水解过程中的pH缓冲能力；（3）PFM形成的物理屏障减少了土壤和空气之间的NH₃交换。NH₃的日排放随着土壤温度、NH₄⁺含量和pH值的增加而增加；而在N处理下，随着土壤湿度的增加，NH₃日排放下降。在PFM+N处理下，日NH₃排放随着NH₄⁺含量的增加而增加。通过参数化的DNDC模型可以很好地模拟产量和日NH₃排放。PFM+N在共享社会经济路径（SSP）情景和氮沉降条件下，提高了产量并减少NH₃排放。随着氮沉降的增加，PFM+N下的产量也有所增加；在高辐射强迫情景（SSP5-8.5）下，NH₃排放则随着氮沉降的增加而增加。总之，PFM不仅能够提高产量并减缓NH₃排放，还可能在未来气候条件下实现类似的效益。

Abstract

Plastic film mulching (PFM) increases crop yields in semi-arid regions by reducing water losses and increasing soil temperature, while crop production in these areas also serves as a significant source of ammonia (NH₃) emissions. The effects of PFM on NH₃ emissions are nearly unknow because of interactions between larger N mineralization at higher temperature and film cover preventing NH₃ diffusion. Therefore, our objectives were to (1) evaluate the effects of PFM on NH₃ emissions under field conditions, and (2) identify the maize yield and NH₃ emissions under climate change and atmospheric N deposition using the DeNitrification-DeComposition (DNDC) model. The experimental treatments included four treatments: (1) no plastic film mulching without N fertilization (control), (2) plastic film mulching without N fertilization (PFM), (3) N fertilization without plastic film mulching (N), and (4) plastic film mulching with N fertilization (PFM+N). The PFM increased maize yields by 211% and yield stability across the years when combined with N fertilization. PFM reduced NH₃ emissions by 35% through three mechanisms: i) high water content under PFM saturates soil pores, hindering NH₃ gas movement to atmosphere, ii) the hot and wet conditions under PFM accelerates nitrification rate, thus increasing pH buffering capacity during urea hydrolysis, and iii) the physical barrier created by PFM reduced NH₃ exchange between soil and air. Daily NH₃ emissions increased with soil temperature, NH₄⁺ content, and pH, but declined with soil moisture under N fertilization. The NH₃ emissions under PFM+N increased with NH₄⁺ content. The parameterised DNDC model simulated very well the yield and daily NH₃ emissions. PFM+N increased yield and reduced NH₃ emissions under the shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) scenario and the N deposition. Yield under PFM+N increased with increasing N deposition, while NH₃ emissions under N deposition increased under the high radiative forcing scenario (SSP5-8.5). Concluding, PFM increase yields and mitigate NH₃ emissions, and it also has the potential to achieve similar benefits under future conditions.

Keywords: climate change N deposition DNDC modeling maize yield NH₃ emission

Received: 01 November 2024 Online: 24 February 2025

Fund:

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32071550), the “111” Programme, China (BP0719040), the Gansu Provincial Key Research and Development Program, China (22YF7WA012), the Gansu Provincial Department of Education: Outstanding Graduate Student “Innovation Star” Project, China (2025CXZX-191), and the Gansu Science and Technology Major Project, China (22ZD6NA007). A Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD). This work was also supported by the Supercomputing Center of Lanzhou University and Core Facility of School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, the RUDN University Strategic Academic Leadership Program, and the Strategic Academic Leadership Program ‘Priority 2030’ of the Kazan Federal University. Yakov Kuzyakov thanks the Russian Science Foundation project 19-77-30012.

About author: #Correspondence Feng Zhang, E-mail: zhangfeng@lzu.edu.cn

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Kaiping Zhang, Yufei Li, Li Zhang, Pingxing Wan, Ning Chai, Yuling Li, Wucheng Zhao, Matthew Tom Harrison, Yakov Kuzyakov, Fengmin Li, Feng Zhang. 2025. Plastic film mulching increases maize yields and mitigates NH₃ emissions under climate change and N deposition. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, Doi:10.1016/j.jia.2025.02.047

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