Bolger A M, Lohse M, Usadel B. 2014. Trimmomatic: A flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data. Bioinformatics, 30, 2114–2120.

Bommert P, Satoh-Nagasawa N, Jackson D, Hirano H Y. 2005. Genetics and evolution of inflorescence and flower development in grasses. Plant Cell Physiology, 46, 69–78.

Choi J, Zaidem M, Gutaker R, Dorph K, Singh R, Purugganan M. 2019. The complex geography of domestication of the African rice Oryza glaberrima. PLoS Genetics, 15, e1007414.

Coen E S, Meyerowitz E M. 1991. The war of the whorls: Genetic interactions controlling flower development. Nature, 353, 31–37.

Cubry P, Tranchant-Dubreuil C, Thuille A, Monat C, Ndjiondjop M, Labadie K, Cruaud C, Engelen S, Scarcelli N, Rhoné B, Burgarella C, Dupuy C, Larmande P, Wincker P, François O, Sabot F, Vigouroux Y. 2018. The rise and fall of African rice cultivation revealed by analysis of 246 new genomes. Current Biology, 28, 2274–2282.

Ditta G, Pinyopich A, Robles P, Pelaz S, Yanofsky M F. 2004. The SEP4 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana functions in floral organ and meristem identity. Current Biology, 14, 1935–1940.

Harlan J R. 1971. Agricultural origins centres and non-centres. Science, 174, 468–474.

Hu M, Lv S W, Wu W G, Fu Y C, Liu F X, Wang B B, Li W G, Gu P, Cai H W, Sun C Q, Zhu Z F. 2018. The domestication of plant architecture in African rice. Plant Journal, 94, 661–669.

Huang X, Zhao Q B, Han B. 2015. Comparative population genomics reveals strong divergence and infrequent introgression between Asian and African rice. Molecular Plant, 8, 958–960.

Jessica W, David B. 2015. POPART: Full-feature software for haplotype network construction. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 6, 1110–1116.

Kobayashi K, Maekawa M, Miyao A, Hirochika H, Kyozuka J. 2010. PANICLE PHYTOMER2 (PAP2), encoding a SEPALLATA subfamily MADS-box protein, positively controls spikelet meristem identity in rice. Plant Cell Physiology, 51, 47–57.

Lee D Y, An G. 2012. Two AP2 family genes, supernumerary bract (SNB) and Osindeterminate spikelet 1 (OsIDS1), synergistically control inflorescence architecture and floral meristem establishment in rice. Plant Journal, 69, 445–461.

Lee D Y, Lee J, Moon S, Park S Y, An G. 2007. The rice heterochronic gene SUPERNUMERARY BRACT regulates the transition from spikelet meristem to floral meristem. Plant Journal, 49, 64–78.

Li H, Durbin R. 2010. Fast and accurate long-read alignment with Burrows-Wheeler transform. Bioinformatics, 26, 589–595.

Li H, Xue D, Gao Z, Yan M, Xu W, Xing Z, Huang D, Qian Q, Xue Y. 2009. A putative lipase gene EXTRA GLUME1 regulates both empty-glume fate and spikelet development in rice. Plant Journal, 57, 593–605.

Li W, Yoshida A, Takahashi M, Maekawa M, Kojima M, Sakakibara H, Kyozuka J. 2015. SAD1, an RNA polymerase I subunit A34.5 of rice, interacts with Mediator and controls various aspects of plant development. Plant Journal, 81, 282–291.

Li X M, Chao D Y, Wu Y, Huang X, Chen K, Cui L G, Su L, Ye W W, Chen H, Chen H C, Dong N Q, Guo T, Shi M, Feng Q, Zhang P, Han B, Shan J X, Gao J P, Lin H X. 2015. Natural alleles of a proteasome α2 subunit gene contribute to thermotolerance and adaptation of african rice. Nature Genetics, 47, 827–833.

Linares O F. 2002. African rice (Oriza glaberrima): History and future potential. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 99, 16360–16365.

Lombardo F, Yoshida H. 2015. Interpreting lemma and palea homologies: A point of view from rice floral mutants. Frontiers in Plant Science, 18, 61.

Lv S W, Wu W G, Wang M H, Meyer R S, Ndjiondjop M N, Tan L B, Zhou H Y, Zhang J W, Fu Y C, Cai H W, Sun C Q, Zhu Z F. 2018. Genetic control of seed shattering during African rice domestication. Nature Plants, 4, 331–337.

McKenna A, Hanna M, Banks E, Sivachenko A, Cibulskis K, Kernytsky A, Garimella K, Altshuler D, Gabriel S, Daly M, DePristo M A. 2010. The genome analysis toolkit: A MapReduce framework for analyzing next-generation DNA sequencing data. Genome Research, 20, 1297–1303.

Meyer R S, Choi J Y, Sanches M, Plessis A, Flowers J M, Amas J, Dorph K, Barretto A, Gross B, Fuller D Q, Bimpong I K, Ndjiondjop M N, Hazzouri K M, Gregorio G B, Purugganan M D. 2016. Domestication history and geographical adaptation inferred from a SNP map of African rice. Nature Genetics, 48, 1083–1088.

Pelaz S, Ditta G S, Baumann E, Wisman E, Yanofsky M F. 2000. B and C floral organ identity functions require SEPALLATA MADS-box genes. Nature, 405, 200–203.

Porteres R. 1962. Berceaux agricoles primaries sur le continent Africain. Journal of African History, 3, 195–210.

Purugganan M D. 2014. An evolutionary genomic tale of two rice species. Nature Genetics, 46, 931–932.

Ren D Y, Li Y F, Zhao F M, Sang X C, Shi J Q, Wang N, Guo S, Ling Y H, Zhang C W, Yang Z L, He G H. 2013. MULTI-FLORET SPIKELET1, which encodes an AP2/ERF protein, determines spikelet meristem fate and sterile lemma identity in rice. Plant Physiology, 162, 872–884.

Schmidt R J, Ambrose B A. 1998. The blooming of grass flower development. Current Opinion Plant Biology, 1, 60–67.

Theissen G. 2001. Development of floral organ identity: Stories from the MADS house. Current Opinion Plant Biology, 4, 75–85.

Theissen G, Saedler H. 2001. Plant biology-Floral quartets. Nature, 409, 469–471.

Wambugu P W, Furtado A, Waters D L, Nyamongo D O, Henry R J. 2013. Conservation and utilization of African Oryza genetic resources. Rice, 6, 29.

Wang M, Yu Y, Haberer G, Marri P R, Fan C, Goicoechea J L, Zuccolo A, Song X, Kudrna D, Ammiraju J S, Cossu R M, Maldonado C, Chen J F, Lee S, Sisneros N, Baynast K D, Golser W, Wissotski M, Kim W, Sanchez P, et al. 2014. The genome sequence of African rice (Oryza glaberrima) and evidence for independent domestication. Nature Genetics, 16, 982–988.

Wang T Y, He W C, Li X X, Zhang C, He H Y, Yuan Q L, Zhang B, Zhang H, Leng Y, Wei H, Xu Q, Shi C L, Liu X P, Guo M L, Wang X M, Chen W, Zhang Z P, Yang L B, Lv Y, Qian H G, et al. 2023. A rice variation map derived from 10548 rice accessions reveals the importance of rare variants. Nucleic Acids Research, 51, 10924–10933.

Wu W G, Liu X Y, Wang M H, Meyer R S, Luo X J, Ndjiondjop M N, Tan L B, Zhang J W, Wu J Z, Cai H W, Sun C Q, Wang X K, Wing R A, Zhu Z F. 2017. A single-nucleotide polymorphism causes smaller grain size and loss of seed shattering during african rice domestication. Nature Plants, 8, 17064.

Xu Q K, Yu H P, Xia S S, Cui Y J, Yu X Q, Liu H, Zeng D L, Hu J, Zhang Q, Gao Z Y, Zhang G H, Zhu L, Shen L, Guo L B, Rao Y C, Qian Q, Ren D Y. 2020. The C2H2 zinc-finger protein lacking rudimentary GLUME 1 regulates spikelet development in rice. Science Bulletin, 65, 753–764.

Yang J, Lee S, Hang R, Kim SR, Lee YS, Cao X, Amasino R, An G. 2013. OsVIL2 functions with PRC2 to induce flowering by repressing OsLFL1 in rice. Plant Journal, 73, 566–578.

Yi G, Choi J, Jeong E, Chon N, Jena K, Ku Y, Kim D, Eun M, Jeon J, Nam M. 2005. Morphological and molecular characterization of a new frizzy panicle mutant, “fzp-9(t)”, in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Hereditas, 142, 92–97.

Yoshida A, Ohmori Y, Kitano H, Taguchi-Shiobara F, Hirano H Y. 2012. Aberrant spikelet and panicle1, encoding a TOPLESS-related transcriptional co-repressor, is involved in the regulation of meristem fate in rice. Plant Journal, 70, 327–339.

Yoshida A, Suzaki T, Tanaka W, Hirano H Y. 2009. The homeotic gene long sterile lemma (G1) specifies sterile lemma identity in the rice spikelet. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106, 20103–20108.

Yoon H, Yang J, Liang W, Zhang D, An G. 2018. OsVIL2 regulates spikelet development by controlling regulatory genes in Oryza sativa. Frontiers in Plant Science, 6, 102.

Zanis M J. 2007. Grass spikelet genetics and duplicate gene comparisons. International Journal of Plant Science, 168, 93–110.

Zhang Q J, Zhu T, Xia E H, Shi C, Liu Y L, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Jiang W K, Zhao Y J, Mao S Y, Zhang L P, Huang H, Jiao J Y, Xu P Z, Yao Q Y, Zeng F C, Yang L L, Gao J, Tao D Y, Wang Y J, et al. 2014. Rapid diversification of five Oryza AA genomes associated with rice adaptation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111, E4954–E4962.