Please wait a minute...
Journal of Integrative Agriculture  2022, Vol. 21 Issue (6): 1576-1592    DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63678-X
Special Issue: 水稻耕作栽培合辑Rice Physiology · Biochemistry · Cultivation · Tillage
Crop Science Advanced Online Publication | Current Issue | Archive | Adv Search |
Optimization of nitrogen fertilization improves rice quality by affecting the structure and physicochemical properties of starch at high yield levels
ZHOU Tian-yang1, 2, LI Zhi-kang1, 2, LI En-peng1, 2, WANG Wei-lu3, YUAN Li-min1, 2, ZHANG Hao1, 2, LIU Li-jun1, 2, WANG Zhi-qin1, 2, GU Jun-fei1, 2, 3, YANG Jian-chang1, 2
1 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P.R.China 
2 Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P.R.China 
3 Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P.R.China
Download:  PDF in ScienceDirect  
Export:  BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)      
摘要  

本研究通过两年大田试验,以两个高产超级稻品种为试验材料,设置了不施用氮肥、高氮肥投入的当地农民习惯栽培方式、优化氮肥管理措施1和优化氮肥管理措施2共计四种氮肥管理方式。试验结果表明通过控制氮肥投入总量、增加种植密度和优化氮肥追施比例等措施,实现高产优质和氮肥利用率的提高。与当地农民习惯相比,优化氮肥管理分别提高了产量和氮肥偏生产力1.70%和13.06%,提高了籽粒淀粉和直链淀粉含量,显著降低了蛋白质含量。在优化氮肥管理下,支链淀粉短支链A链(DP6-12)和B1链(DP13-25)含量显著增加,淀粉结晶度显著下降,同时淀粉的粘度值增加,淀粉的热力学特性变优,从而提高了稻米的蒸煮与食味品质。以上研究结果表明优化氮肥管理可以缓解高产水平条件下因大量氮肥投入而引起的稻米品质变劣,实现高产优质和氮肥利用率的协同提高的目标,对水稻的高产优质生产具有实践和指导意义




Abstract  A major challenge in modern rice production is to achieve the dual goals of high yield and good quality with low environmental costs.  This study was designed to determine whether optimized nitrogen (N) fertilization could fulfill these multiple goals.  In two-year experiments, two high yielding ‘super’ rice cultivars were grown with different N fertilization management regimes, including zero N input, local farmers’ practice (LFP) with heavy N inputs, and optimized N fertilization (ONF).  In ONF, by reducing N input, increasing planting density, and optimizing the ratio of urea application at different stages, N use efficiency and the physicochemical and textural properties of milled rice were improved at higher yield levels.  Compared with LFP, yield and partial factor productivity of applied N (PFP) under ONF were increased (on average) by 1.70 and 13.06%, respectively.  ONF increased starch and amylose content, and significantly decreased protein content.  The contents of the short chains of A chain (degree of polymerization (DP) 6–12) and B1 chain (DP 13–25) of amylopectin were significantly increased under ONF, which resulted in a decrease in the stability of rice starch crystals.  ONF increased viscosity values and improved the thermodynamic properties of starch, which resulted in better eating and cooking quality of the rice.  Thus, ONF could substantially compensate the negative effects caused by N fertilizer and achieve the multiple goals of higher grain quality and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) at high yield levels.  These results will be useful for applications of high quality rice production at high yield levels.
Keywords:  nitrogen fertilization        rice starch        starch structure        physicochemical properties        chain length distribution  
Received: 29 December 2020   Accepted: 18 March 2021
Fund: This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32071943 and 31872853) and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, China (PAPD).
About author:  ZHOU Tian-yang, E-mail: 526565164@qq.com; Correspondence GU Jun-fei, Tel/Fax: +86-514-87979317, E-mail: gujf@yzu.edu.cn; YANG Jian-chang, Tel/Fax: +86-514-87979317, E-mail: jcyang@yzu.edu.cn

Cite this article: 

ZHOU Tian-yang, LI Zhi-kang, LI En-peng, WANG Wei-lu, YUAN Li-min, ZHANG Hao, LIU Li-jun, WANG Zhi-qin, GU Jun-fei, YANG Jian-chang. 2022. Optimization of nitrogen fertilization improves rice quality by affecting the structure and physicochemical properties of starch at high yield levels. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 21(6): 1576-1592.

Alexandratos N, Bruinsma J. 2012. World Agriculture Towards 2030/2050: The 2012 Revision. ESA Working Paper No. 12–03. Agricultural Development Economics Division Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Bian J L, Ren G L, Han C, Xu F F, Qiu S, Tang J H, Zhang H C, Wei H Y, Gao H. 2020. Comparative analysis on grain quality and yield of different panicle weight indica-japonica hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 19, 999–1009.
Chen X P, Cui Z L, Fan M S, Vitousek P, Zhao M, Ma W Q, Wang Z L, Zhang W J, Yan X Y, Yang J C, Deng X P, Gao Q, Zhang Q, Guo S W, Ren J, Li S Q, Ye Y L, Wang Z H, Huang J L, Tang Q F, et al. 2014. Producing more grain with lower environmental costs. Nature, 514, 486.
Deng J, Zhou Z X, Zhu B, Zheng X H, Li C S, Wang X, Jian Z. 2011. Modeling nitrogen loading in a small watershed in southwest China using a DNDC model with hydrological enhancements. Biogeosciences, 8, 2999–3009.
Ding Y Y, Cheng J J, Lin Q Y, Wang Q Y, Wang J R, Yu G P. 2021. Effects of endogenous proteins and lipids on structural, thermal, rheological, and pasting properties and digestibility of adlay seed (Coix lacryma-jobi L.) starch. Food Hydrocolloids, 111, 106254.
Dou Z, Tang S, Li G H, Liu Z H, Ding C Q, Chen L, Wang S H, Ding Y F. 2017. Application of nitrogen fertilizer at heading stage improves rice quality under elevated temperature during grain-filling stage. Crop Science, 57, 2183–2192.
Fujita N, Yoshida M, Asakura N, Ohdan T, Miyao A, Hirochika H, Nakamura Y. 2006. Function and characterization of starch synthase I using mutants in rice. Plant Physiology, 140, 1070–1084. 
Fujita N, Yoshida M, Kondo T, Saito K, Utsumi Y, Tokunaga T, Nishi A, Satoh H, Park J H, Jane J L, Miyao A, Hirochika H, Nakamura Y. 2007. Characterization of SSIIIa-deficient mutants of rice: The function of SSIIIa and pleiotropic effects by SSIIIa deficiency in the rice endosperm. Plant Physiology, 144, 2009–2023.
Gilbert R G, Witt T, Hasjim J. 2013. What is being learned about starch properties from multiple-level characterization. Cereal Chemistry, 90, 312–325.
Gu J F, Chen J, Chen L, Wang Z Q, Zhang H, Yang J C. 2015. Grain quality changes and responses to nitrogen fertilizer of japonica rice cultivars released in the Yangtze River Basin from the 1950s to 2000s. The Crop Journal, 3, 285–297.
Gu J F, Chen Y, Zhang H, Li Z K, Zhou Q, Yu C, Kong X S, Liu L J, Wang Z Q, Yang J C. 2017. Canopy light and nitrogen distributions are related to grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in rice. Field Crops Research, 206, 74–85.
Huang J, Shang Z Q, Man J M, Liu Q Q, Zhu C J, Wei C X. 2015. Comparison of molecular structures and functional properties of high-amylose starches from rice transgenic line and commercial maize. Food Hydrocolloids, 46, 172–179. 
Huang S J, Zhao F C, Zhu Z, Zhou LH, Zheng Q H, Wang C L. 2020. Characterization of eating quality and starch properties of two Wx alleles japonica rice cultivars under different nitrogen treatments. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 19, 988–998.
Jiang L G, Dai T B, Jiang D, Cao W X, Gan X Q, Wei S Q. 2004. Characterizing physiological N-use efficiency as influenced by nitrogen management in three rice cultivars. Field Crops Research, 88, 239–250.
Juliano B O, Perez C M, Alyoshin E P, Romanov V B, Blakeney A B, Welsh L A. 1984. International cooperative test on texture of cooked rice. Journal of Texture Studies, 15, 357–376.
Kong X L, Chen Y L, Zhu P, Sui Z, Corke H, Bao J S. 2015. Relationships among genetic, structural, and functional properties of rice starch. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 63, 6241–6248.
Li H Y, Fitzgerald M A, Prakash S, Nicholson T M, Gilbert R G. 2017. The molecular structural features controlling stickiness in cooked rice, a major palatability determinant. Scientific Reports, 7, 43713.
Lyon B G, Champagne E T, Vinyard B T, Windham W R. 2000. Sensory and instrumental relationships of texture of cooked rice from selected cultivars and postharvest handling practices. Cereal Chemistry, 77, 64–69.
Martin M, Fitzgerald M A. 2002. Proteins in rice grains influence cooking properties. Journal of Cereal Science, 36, 285–294.
Meng Q F, Yue S C, Chen X P, Cui Z L, Ye Y L, Ma W Q, Tong Y N, Zhang F S. 2013. Understanding dry matter and nitrogen accumulation with time-course for high-yielding wheat production in China. PLoS ONE, 8, e68783.
Nakamura Y. 2002. Towards a better understanding of the metabolic systems for amylopectin biosynthesis in plants: rice endosperm as a model tissue. Plant Cell Physiology, 43, 718–725.
Ovando-Martínez M, Osorio-Díaz P, Whitney K, Bello-Pérez L A, Simsek S. 2011. Effect of the cooking on physicochemical and starch digestibility properties of two varieties of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown under different water regimes. Food Chemistry, 129, 358–365.
Peng S B, Buresh R J, Huang J L, Zhong X H, Zou Y B, Yang J C, Wang G H, Liu Y Y, Hu R F, Tang Q Y, Cui K H, Zhang F S. 2010. Improving nitrogen fertilization in rice by sitespecific N management. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 30, 649–656. 
Ryoo N, Yu C, Park C S, Baik M Y, Park I M, Cho M H, Bhoo S H, An G, Hahn T R, Jeon J S. 2007. Knockout of a starch synthase gene OsSSIIIa/Flo5 causes white-core floury endosperm in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant Cell Reports, 26, 1083–1095.
Sevenou O, Hill S E, Farhat I A, Mitchell J R. 2002. Organisation of the external region of the starch granule as determined by infrared spectroscopy. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 31, 79–85.
Tang S, Zhang H X, Liu W Z, Dou Z, Zhou Q Y, Chen W Z, Wang H, Ding Y F. 2019. Nitrogen fertilizer at heading stage effectively compensates for the deterioration of rice quality by affecting the starch-related properties under elevated temperatures. Food Chemistry, 277, 455–462. 
Tran T T, Shelat K J, Tang D L, Li E P, Gilbert R G, Hasjim J. 2011. Milling of rice grains. The degradation on three structural levels of starch in rice flour can be independently controlled during grinding. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 59, 3964–3973.
Wang Z Q, Zhang W Y, Yang J C. 2018. Physiological mechanism underlying spikelet degeneration in rice. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 17, 1475–1481.
Warren F J, Gidley M J, Flanagan B M. 2016. Infrared spectroscopy as a tool to characterise starch ordered structure - A joint FTIR–ATR, NMR, XRD and DSC study. Carbohydrate Polymers, 139, 35–42.
Wu A C, Li E P, Gilbert R G. 2014. Exploring extraction/dissolution procedures for analysis of starch chain-length distributions. Carbohydrate Polymers, 114, 36–42.
Xie F W, Yu L, Su B, Liu P, Wang J, Liu H S, Chen L. 2009. Rheological properties of starches with different amylose/amylopectin ratios. Journal of Cereal Science, 49, 371–377.
Yang J C. 2015. Approaches to achieve high grain yield and high resource use efficiency in rice. Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering, 2, 115–123.
Zhang H, Hou D P, Peng X L, Ma B J, Shao S M, Jing W G, Gu J F, Liu L J, Wang Z Q, Liu Y Y, Yang J C. 2019. Optimizing integrative cultivation management improves grain quality while increasing yield and nitrogen use efficiency in rice. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18, 2716–2731.
Zhang H, Yu C, Kong X S, Hou D P, Gu J F, Liu L J, Wang Z Q, Yang J C. 2018. Progressive integrative crop managements increase grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency and irrigation water productivity in rice. Field Crops Research, 215, 1–11.
Zhang Q F. 2007. Strategies for developing green super rice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104, 16402–16409.
Zhang Z, Gu T, Zhao B, Yang X, Peng Q, Li Y, Bai L. 2017. Effects of common Echinochloa varieties on grain yield and grain quality of rice. Field Crops Research, 203, 163–172.
Zhou C C, Huang Y C, Jia B Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Xu Q, Li R F, Wang S, Dou F G. 2018. Effects of cultivar, nitrogen rate, and planting density on rice-grain quality. Agronomy, 8, 246.
Zhou W, Lyu T F, Yang Z P, Sun H, Yang L J, Chen Y, Ren W J. 2016. Research advances in the regulation of soil nitrogen loss by the type of nitrogen fertilizer and its application strategy. China Journal of Applied Ecology, 27, 3051–3058. (in Chinese)
Zhou T Y, Zhou Q, Li E P, Yuan L M, Wang W L, Zhang H, Liu L J, Wang Z Q, Yang J C, Gu J F. 2020. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on structure and physicochemical properties of ‘super’ rice starch. Carbohydrate Polymers, 239, 116237.
Zhu K Y, Yan J Q, Shen Y, Zhang W Y, Xu Y J, Wang Z Q, Yang J C. 2022. Deciphering the physio-morphological traits for high yield potential in nitrogen efficient varieties (NSVs): A japonica rice case study. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 21, 947–963.
Zhu Z L, Chen D L. 2002. Nitrogen fertilizer use in China - Contributions to food production, impacts on the environment and best management strategies. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 63, 117–127.

[1] QI Dong-liang, HU Tian-tian, SONG Xue. Effects of nitrogen application rates and irrigation regimes on grain yield and water use efficiency of maize under alternate partial rootzone irrigation[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2020, 19(11): 2792-2806.
[2] Shahnawaz Ahmed, H S Rattanpal, Khalid Gul, Rouf Ahmad Dar, Akash Sharma. Chemical composition, antioxidant activity and GC-MS analysis of juice and peel oil of grapefruit varieties cultivated in India[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2019, 18(7): 1634-1642.
[3] WANG Yan-nan, LI Yan, ZHANG Huan, ZHAI Hong, LIU Qing-chang, HE Shao-zhen. A plastidic ATP/ADP transporter gene, IbAATP, increases starch and amylose contents and alters starch structure in transgenic sweetpotato[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2016, 15(9): 1968-1982.
[4] CONG Ri-huan, ZHANG Zhi, LU Jian-wei, LI Xiao-kun, REN Tao, WANG Wei-ni. Evaluation of nitrogen requirement and efficiency of rice in the region of Yangtze River Valley based on large-scale field experiments[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2015, 14(10): 2090-2098.
[5] YANG Li , WANG Li-gang, LI Hu, QIU Jian-jun , LIU Hui-ying. Impacts of Fertilization Alternatives and Crop Straw Incorporation on N2O Emissions from a Spring Maize Field in Northeastern China[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2014, 13(4): 881-892.
No Suggested Reading articles found!