水稻遗传育种Rice Genetics · Breeding · Germplasm Resources

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1. JIA-2020-2457 遗传多样性和全基因组关联分析揭示东北地区粳稻育种进程中与碾磨和外观品质相关的适应位点
XU Xin, YE Jun-hua, YANG Ying-ying, LI Ruo-si, LI Zhen, WANG Shan, SUN Yan-fei, ZHANG Meng-chen, XU Qun, FENG Yue, WEI Xing-hua, YANG Yao-long
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (6): 1539-1550.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63701-2
摘要387)      PDF    收藏

本研究以来源于辽宁、吉林和黑龙江三个省份的200个粳稻品种为实验材料,对碾磨和外观品质相关的性状进行考察。材料的系谱分析和遗传多样性分析结果表明,来自吉林省的品种遗传多样性最高。稻米品质的评价结果表明,来自辽宁省的品种具较好的碾磨品质,而来自黑龙江的品种具较好的外观品质。本研究同时用单位点和多位点的全基因组关联分析(GWAS)对碾磨和外观品质相关的基因位点进行计算,结果共检测到99个显著的SNP位点。其中,共3个SNP位点同时在混合线性模型(MLM)、mrMLM和FASTmrMLM这3种计算模型中检测到,进一步利用连锁不平衡分析获得对应的3个候选区域(qBRR-1、qBRR-9和qDEC-3),以便于后续的候选基因分析。由于候选区域内的候选基因超过300个,研究还结合基因GO分析以鉴定潜在的候选基因。此外,候选区域的遗传多样性分析结果表明,qBRR-9很可能在东北粳稻的育种过程中受到了较强的选择。这些结果为水稻育种和品质改良提供了具有参考意义的信息。


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2. TUTOU2,决定水稻突变体tutou2的穗顶端退化表型
ZHU Zi-chao, LUO Sheng, LEI Bin, LI Xian-yong, CHENG Zhi-jun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (3): 621-630.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63447-5
摘要162)      PDF    收藏

水稻顶端小穗退化是重要的农艺性状,它引起颖花数减少,造成产量损失。为进一步理解其分子机制,我们从组织培养后代中得到1个隐性穗顶部退化突变体tutou2。利用图位克隆将候选基因定位在第10染色体长臂约75kb区间内。测序发现,在该区域内突变体基因LOC_Os10g31910的第2外显子第941位碱基发生了A→T碱基变化,导致编码氨基酸由异亮氨酸变为苯丙氨酸。互补实验能够使tutou2突变体的表型恢复正常,敲除LOC_Os10g31910也能够获得tutou2突变体同样的表型。这说明:LOC_Os10g31910是引起突变体tutou2穗顶部退化的基因TUTOU2。尽管TUTOU2很可能与已报道的叶片早衰基因DEL1等位,但突变体del1tutou2之间的表型差异说明DEL1/TUTOU2同时在水稻叶片和穗发育中发挥作用,这在目前还没有充分研究过。

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3. 硝酸还原酶NIA1磷酸化位点去磷酸化修饰能够增强水稻对铵态氮缺乏的耐受性
HAN Rui-cai, XU Zhi-rong, LI Chen-yan, Adnan Rasheed, PAN Xiao-hua, SHI Qing-hua, WU Zi-ming
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (3): 631-643.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63473-6
摘要228)      PDF    收藏

硝酸还原酶(Nitrate reductase, NR)是植物体内同化硝态氮的关键酶,其活性受翻译后磷酸化修饰调控。通过分析硝酸还原酶NIA1磷酸化位点定向突变株系(S532DS532A)、OsNia1过表达株系(OE)及野生型(WT)的表型、氮代谢和活性氧代谢的差异,探究不同形态氮素营养下NIA1蛋白的去磷酸化对水稻生长和生理生化的影响。研究表明,与WT和OE相比,S532DS532A具有更强的氮素同化能力。以硝酸铵作为氮源时,S532DS532A的株高、地上部干重和叶绿素含量均低于WT和OEH2O2、MDA和亚硝酸盐含量则较高;以硝酸钾作为氮源时,S532DS532A的株高、地上部干重和叶绿素含量高于WT和OE,所有株系叶片中的H2O2和MDA含量无明显差异,各株系间亚硝酸盐含量差异减小;以硫酸铵作为氮源,除NR活性外,各株系间的其它生理指标均无显著差异。相较于硝酸铵和硫酸铵,以硝酸钾作为氮源时各株系叶片中NH4+-N的含量较低。q-PCR分析表明OsGSOsNGS1基因表达受下游代谢产物的负调控,OsNrt2.2受硝酸盐诱导表达。综上,硝酸铵作为氮源时NIA1磷酸化位点定向突变株系长势较弱是由于过量积累的亚硝酸盐对自身的毒害;硝酸钾作为氮源时NIA1磷酸化位点定向突变株系对硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和铵盐的同化速率加快,能够提供较多的氮素营养,提高了水稻对铵态氮缺乏的耐受性。


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4. Reducing phosphorylation of nitrate reductase improves nitrate assimilation in rice
HAN Rui-cai, LI Chen-yan, Adnan Rasheed, PAN Xiao-hua, SHI Qing-hua, WU Zi-ming
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (1): 15-25.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63386-X
摘要156)      PDF    收藏

硝酸还原酶(Nitrate reductase, NR)是植物体内同化硝态氮的关键酶,其活性受翻译后磷酸化修饰调控。通过分析磷酸化位点定向突变株系(S532D 和S532A)、OsNia1过表达株系(OE)及野生型(WT)的表型、NR蛋白INIA1)及其磷酸化水平、NR活性、硝态氮代谢和活性氧代谢的差异,探究NIA1蛋白的去磷酸化对NR活性、氮代谢和水稻生长的影响。研究表明,S532DS532A株系中的外源NIA1蛋白不能被磷酸化,其NR活性、NR活性状态和NO3--N的同化效率均高于WTOEOE中以上生理生化指标均小于S532DS532A。表明解除转录水平控制对N代谢没有太大影响,而翻译后修饰的解除对N代谢水平有深刻的影响。随着NIA1蛋白磷酸化的解除和硝酸盐同化能力的增强,S532D 和 S532A的株高和叶绿素含量均降低,过氧化氢(H2O2)和丙二醛(MDA)的含量升高,这可能与硝酸盐代谢的中间产物亚硝酸盐的过度积累有关。以上结果表明NR的磷酸化可能是水稻的一种自我保护机制,NIA1磷酸化水平的降低能够促进硝酸盐的同化,而磷酸化水平的提高则会降低亚硝酸盐的积累,降低活性氧积累对水稻的毒害作用。

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5. 水稻半显性反温敏核不育基因RTMS10的鉴定与精细定位
NI Jin-long, WANG De-zheng, NI Da-hu, SONG Feng-shun, YANG Jian-bo, YAO Da-nian
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (2): 316-325.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63563-8
摘要270)      PDF    收藏

环境敏感型水稻雄性不育资源的发现与利用,大大便捷了杂交水稻育种,且为杂交水稻生产做出了重要贡献。在两系杂交水稻系统中,光敏和温敏核不育系大多表现为长日高温雄性不育,短日低温育性恢复。然而,反温敏核不育系YnS表现为低温(<29)雄性不育,高温(>29.5)可育。本研究报道了YnS反温敏核不育性状(rTGMS)的遗传规律及基因定位。YnS与正常可育材料L422杂交F1在低温22℃表现为雄性不育,在27℃条件下育性完全恢复。在YnS/L422 F2群体中,可育单株与不育单株的分离比随环境逐渐升高由1:3.05转变为2.95:1,表明rTGMS呈半显性遗传。通过BSA法分析,在第10号染色体上定位到1个与rTGMS紧密关联的主效位点,命名为RTMS10。利用YnS/L422 BC6F2L422为轮回亲本)群体,将RTMS10精细定位在标记ID13116ID1318之间~68kb的物理区间内。结合分子标记辅助选择,在YnS/L422 BC6F3世代获得1L422背景的携带RTMS10的近等基因系,NL1。组织细胞学切片和扫描电镜分析发现,在低温(22℃)条件下,NL1花粉发育在减数分裂期发生明显异常。上述结果有助于对rTGMS性状和机制的理解。本研究还报道了该基因的共分离标记,将为加速反温敏核不育系的分子选育提供技术依据。

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6. Prospects of utilization of inter-subspecific heterosis between indica and japonica rice
ZHANG Gui-quan
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (1): 1-10.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62843-1
摘要178)      PDF    收藏
The Asian cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown worldwide is divided into two subspecies, indica and japonica.  It is well known that the heterosis of inter-subspecies is usually stronger than that of intra-subspecies.  Since the 1970s, indica hybrid rice, an intra-subspecific hybrid rice, has being widely used in China and even in the world.  However, the inter-subspecific hybrid rice between indica and japonica is still unavailable.  The major obstacle is the hybrid sterility of the inter-subspecies.  In recent decades, the genetic and molecular basis of indica-japonica hybrid sterility was understood more and more clearly.  Some breeding approaches for overcoming inter-subspecific hybrid sterility were proposed and used to develop the indica-japonica hybrid rice.  The updated understanding will offer new approaches for development of breeding lines for overcoming indica-japonica hybrid sterility, which facilitates developing of inter-subspecific hybrid rice.
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7. OsHemA gene, encoding glutamyl-tRNA reductase (GluTR) is essential for chlorophyll biosynthesis in rice (Oryza sativa)
ZENG Zhao-qiong, LIN Tian-zi, ZHAO Jie-yu, ZHENG Tian-hui, XU Le-feng, WANG Yi-hua, LIU Ling-long, JIANG Ling, CHEN Sai-hua, WAN Jian-min
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (3): 612-623.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62710-3
摘要142)      PDF    收藏
Chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis is essential for photosynthesis and plant growth.  Glutamyl-tRNA reductase (GluTR) catalyzes glutamyl-tRNA into glutamate-1-semialdehyde (GSA) and initiates the chlorophyll biosynthesis.  Even though the main role of GluTR has been established, the effects caused by natural variations in its corresponding gene remain largely unknown.  Here, we characterized a spontaneous mutant in paddy field with Chl biosynthesis deficiency, designated as cbd1.  With intact thylakoid lamellar structure, the cbd1 plant showed light green leaves and reduced Chl and carotenoids (Cars) content significantly compared to the wild type.  By map-based gene cloning, the mutation was restricted within a 57-kb region on chromosome 10, in which an mPingA miniature inverted-repeat transposable element (MITE) inserted in the promoter region of OsHemA gene.  Both leaf color and the pigment contents in cbd1 were recovered in a complementation test, confirming OsHemA was responsible for the mutant phenotype.  OsHemA was uniquely predicted to encode GluTR and its expression level was dramatically repressed in cbd1.  Transient transformation in protoplasts demonstrated that GluTR localized in chloroplasts and a signal peptide exists in its N-terminus.  A majority of Chl biosynthesis genes, except for POR and CHLG, were down-regulated synchronously by the repression of OsHemA, suggesting that an attenuation occurred in the Chl biosynthesis pathway.  Interestingly, we found major agronomic traits involved in rice yield were statistically unaffected, except for the number of full grains per panicle was increased in cbd1.  Collectively, OsHemA plays an essential role in Chl biosynthesis in rice and its weak allele can adjust leaf color and Chls content without compromise to rice yield.
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8. Gene mapping and candidate gene analysis of aberrant-floral spikelet 1 (afs1) in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
ZHANG Ting, YOU Jing, YU Guo-ling, ZHANG Yi, CHEN Huan, LI Yi-dan, YE Li, YAO Wan-yue, TU Yu-jie, LING Ying-hua, HE Guang-hua, LI Yun-feng
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (4): 921-930.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62847-9
摘要136)      PDF    收藏
The spikelet is a unique inflorescence structure in grasses.  However, the molecular mechanism that regulates its development remains unclear, and we therefore characterize a spikelet mutant of rice (Oryza sativa L.), aberrant-floral spikelet 1 (afs1), which was derived from treatment of Xinong 1B with ethyl methanesulfonate.  In the afs1 mutant, the spikelet developed an additional lemma-like organ alongside the other normally developed floral organs, and the paleae were degenerated to differing degrees with or without normally developed inner floral organs.  Genetic analysis revealed that the afs1 phenotype was controlled by a single recessive gene.  The AFS1 gene was mapped between the insertion/deletion (InDel) marker Indel19 and the simple sequence repeat marker RM16893, with a physical distance of 128.5 kb on chromosome 4.  Using sequence analysis, we identified the deletion of a 5-bp fragment and a transversion from G to A within LOC_Os04g32510/ LAX2, which caused early termination of translation in the afs1 mutant.  These findings suggest that AFS1 may be a new allele of LAX2, and is involved in the development of floral organs by regulating the expression of genes related to their development.  The above results provide a new view on the function of LAX2, which may also regulate the development of spikelets.
 
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9. Identification of long-grain chromosome segment substitution line Z744 and QTL analysis for agronomic traits in rice
MA Fu-ying, DU Jie, WANG Da-chuan, WANG Hui, ZHAO Bing-bing, HE Guang-hua, YANG Zheng-lin, ZHANG Ting, WU Ren-hong, ZHAO Fang-ming
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (5): 1163-1169.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62751-6
摘要118)      PDF    收藏
Length of grain affects the appearance, quality, and yield of rice.  A rice long-grain chromosome segment substitution line Z744, with Nipponbare as the recipient parent and Xihui 18 as the donor parent, was identified.  Z744 contains a total of six substitution segments distributed on chromosomes (Chrs.) 1, 2, 6, 7, and 12, with an average substitution length of 2.72 Mb.  The grain length, ratio of length to width, and 1 000-grain weight of Z744 were significantly higher than those in Nipponbare.  The plant height, panicle number, and seed-set ratio in Z744 were significantly lower than those in Nipponbare, but they were still 78.7 cm, 13.5 per plant, and 86.49%, respectively.  Furthermore, eight QTLs of different traits were identified in the secondary F2 population, constructed by Nipponbare and Z744 hybridization.  The grain weight of Z744 was controlled by two synergistic QTLs (qGWT1 and qGWT7) and two subtractive QTLs (qGWT2 and qGWT6), respectively.  The increase in the grain weight of Z744 was caused mainly by the increase in grain length.  Two QTLs were detected, qGL1 and qGL7-3, which accounted for 25.54 and 15.58% of phenotypic variation, respectively.  A Chi-square test showed that the long-grain number and the short-grain number were in accordance with the 3:1 separation ratio, which indicates that the long grain is dominant over the short-grain and Z744 was controlled mainly by the principal effect qGL1.  These results offered a good basis for further fine mapping of qGL1 and further dissection of other QTLs into single-segment substitution lines.
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10. Mapping quantitative trait loci associated with starch paste viscosity attributes by using double haploid populations of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Tahmina SHAR, SHENG Zhong-hua, Umed ALI, Sajid FIAZ, WEI Xiang-jin, XIE Li-hong, JIAO Gui-ai, Fahad ALI, SHAO Gao-neng, HU Shi-kai, HU Pei-song, TANG Shao-qing
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (7): 1691-1703.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62726-7
摘要127)      PDF    收藏
The paste viscosity attributes of starch, measured by rapid visco analyzer (RVA), are important factors for the evaluation of the cooking and eating qualities of rice in breeding programs.  To determine the genetic roots of the paste viscosity attributes of rice grains, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with the paste viscosity attributes were mapped, using a double haploid (DH) population derived from Zhongjiazao 17 (YK17), a super rice variety, crossed with D50, a tropic japonica variety.  Fifty-four QTLs, for seven parameters of the RVA profiles, were identified in three planting seasons.  The 54 QTLs were located on all of the 12 chromosomes, with a single QTL explaining 5.99 to 47.11% of phenotypic variation.  From the QTLs identified, four were repeatedly detected under three environmental conditions and the other four QTLs were repeated under two environments.  Most of the QTLs detected for peak viscosity (PKV), trough viscosity (TV), cool paste viscosity (CPV), breakdown viscosity (BDV), setback viscosity (SBV), and peak time (PeT) were located in the interval of RM6775–RM3805 under all three environmental conditions, with the exception of pasting temperature (PaT).  For digenic interactions, eight QTLs with six traits were identified for additive×environment interactions in all three planting environments.  The epistatic interactions were estimated only for PKV, SBV and PaT.  The present study will facilitate further understanding of the genetic architecture of eating and cooking quality (ECQ) in the rice quality improvement program.
 
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11. The breeding of japonica rice in northern China: An 11-year study (2006–2016)
CUI Yue, ZHU Meng-meng, XU Zheng-jin, CHEN Wen-fu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (8): 1941-1946.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62799-1
摘要171)      PDF    收藏
The world’s population is facing food shortages due to climate change and the competition for arable land between food and energy crops.  Many national and international projects to develop “super rice” cultivars were established in recent decades to attain a ‘third leap forward’ in rice production.  In order to evaluate the breeding process in northern China, an 11-year tracking survey of japonica rice breeding, which involved a total of 520 rice accessions and 67 test plots, was completed in this study.  The results showed that the yields of these accessions had increased stably, which was similar to control check varieties (CKs).  The breeding strategy reduced the panicle number and increased the grain number per panicle through an increase of spikelet density (number of grains per centimeter on the panicle).  This high spikelet density benefits not only the yield but also the blast resistance and amylose content.  At higher latitudes, the preferred rice accessions had slim grain shape and extended growth period.  In the middle latitudes among the test plots, the breeders focused on reducing the amylose content to improve the cooking quality of the rice accessions.  Yield and blast resistance were the two highest priorities during the breeding selection process.  The present study evaluated the breeding process in northern China during the last decade, which may lead to new insights into the future of rice breeding.
 
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12. Transcriptome and metabolome profiling of unheading in F1 hybrid rice
WANG Jie, WEI Shao-bo, WANG Chun-chao, Najeeb Ullah KHAN, ZHANG Zhan-ying, WANG Wen-sheng, ZHAO Xiu-qin, ZHANG Hong-liang, LI Zi-chao, GAO Yong-ming
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (10): 2367-2382.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62838-8
摘要140)      PDF    收藏
Heading date is a crucial agronomic trait.  However, rice usually delays heading due to the photoperiod, temperature, hormones or age.  The present research was conducted to analyze the mechanism controlling heading date in F1 hybrid rice.  We constructed two test-crossing populations using two introgression lines (ILs), P20 and P21 coming from SH527/FH838 as the male parent, respectively, and male sterile line Jin23A as the female parent.  Meanwhile, the F1 hybrids of H20, obtained by mating P20 with Jin23A and having no heading, and H21, from the crossing between P21 and Jin23A having normal heading, were both observed under long days.  Here, we analyzed the photoperiodic response of F1 hybrids by transcriptome and metabolome profiling.  The greater differences displayed in the transcriptome and the metabolome were caused by photoperiod (exogenous) instead of genes (endogenous).  The coping mechanism resulted from long days (LD) in H20, leading to differences in the circadian rhythm and glutathione metabolism relative to other samples.  The circadian oscillator and GSH/GSSG cycle typically regulate ROS homeostasis, and both of them are responsible for modulating ROS in H20 under LD condition.  Both circadian rhythm genes and the reported genes related to heading date function via the DHD1/OsMFT1-Ehd1-RFT1-OsMADS14/OsMADS18 pathway and the glutathione metabolism pathway by regulating oxidative reduction processes.  Both pathways are involved in the heading process and they interacted through the oxidative reduction process which was induced by photoperiod regulation, and all of them collectively modulated the heading process.  The results of this study will be helpful for unraveling the mechanism of F1 hybrid responses to unheading under LD condition.
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13. GraS is critical for chloroplast development and affects yield in rice 
DU Zhi-xuan, HAO Hui-ying, HE Jin-peng, WANG Jian-ping, HUANG Zhou, XU Jie, FU Hai-hui, FU Jun-ru, HE Hao-hua
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (11): 2603-2615.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62859-5
摘要140)      PDF    收藏
Leaf color has been considered an important agronomic trait in rice (Oryza sativa L.) for a long time.  The changes in leaf color affect the yield of rice.  In this study, a green-revertible albino (graS) mutant was isolated from a 60Co-gamma-irradiated mutant pool of indica cultivar Guangzhan 63-4S.  The fine mapping indicated that graS mutant was mapped to chromosome 1, and was located in a confined region between markers ab134 and InDel 8 with genetic distances of 0.11 and 0.06 cM, respectively.  Based on the annotation results, four open reading frames (ORFs) were predicted in this region.  Sequence analysis revealed that LOC_Os01g55974 had a 2-bp nucleotide insertion (AA) in the coding region that led to premature termination at the 324th base.  Sequence analysis and expression analysis of related genes indicated that LOC_Os01g55974 is the candidate gene of GraS.  We studied the genome and protein sequences of LOC_Os01g55974, and the data showed that GraS contains a deoxycytidine deaminase domain, which was expressed ubiquitously in all tissues.  Further investigation indicated that GraS plays an essential role in the regulation of chloroplast biosynthesis, photosynthetic capacity and yield.  Moreover, leaf color mutant can be used as an effective marker for the purity of breeding and hybridization.
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14. Breeding of CMS maintainer lines through anther culture assisted by high-resolution melting-based markers
WANG Ping, BAI Yu-lu, WANG Min-xia, HU Bin-hua, PU Zhi-gang, ZHANG Zhi-yong, ZHANG Qiong, XU Deng-wu, LUO Wen-long, CHEN Zhi-qiang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (12): 2965-2973.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63179-3
摘要101)      PDF    收藏
The integrated use of molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS) and anther culture has potential to significantly increase efficiency in plant breeding; however, reports on this kind of practical use are very limited.  In the present study, we report the development of cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) maintainers with aroma, disease resistance and red-brown hulls, as an example of integration of MAS and anther culture in rice breeding.  A high-resolution melting (HRM)-based functional molecular marker was developed for the red-brown hull trait caused by a unique mutation (rbh1) in OsCAD2.  Functional molecular markers for genes of rice blast resistance (Pi2), aroma (fgr) and red-brown hull (rbh1) were used for precise genotyping of individual plants in the BC1 and BC2F2 populations derived from a cross between CMS maintainers Huaxiang B (pi2–/rbh1–/fgr–) and Rong 3B (Pi2+/RBH1+/Fgr+).  A total of 89 doubled haploid (DH) lines were generated from selected BC2F2 plants (Pi2+/rbh1–/fgr–) by anther culture.  Seven DH lines were subsequently selected as the potential new CMS maintainers based on their overall performance and high resistance to blast.  Our study demonstrated that integration of MAS and anther culture significantly accelerated the development of CMS maintainers with multiple stacked genes.
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15. Genome-wide pedigree analysis of elite rice Shuhui 527 reveals key regions for breeding
REN Yun, CHEN Dan, LI Wen-jie, TAO Luo, YUAN Guo-qiang, CAO Ye, LI Xue-mei, DENG Qi-ming, WANG Shi-quan, ZHENG Ai-ping, ZHU Jun, LIU Huai-nian, WANG Ling-xia, LI Ping, LI Shuang-cheng
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (1): 35-45.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63256-7
摘要226)      PDF    收藏

杂交水稻为世界粮食的供应做出了重大贡献,而骨干亲本在杂交水稻品种选育中发挥着重要作用。为明确水稻骨干亲本蜀恢527(SH527,Oryza sativa)在育种过程中所利用的关键基因组区域,本研究对其进行了基于系谱的全基因组分析。利用高密度单核苷酸多态性(SNP)阵列对包括SH527、6个亲本品种及17个衍生恢复系在内的24个品种进行了扫描,分析了上游亲本对SH527基因组的独特贡献,确定了SH527及其衍生品种中保守的关键基因组区域。同时,利用多年的产量性状数据和SNP 芯片结果进行全基因组关联分析,发现了一些可能的已知或新的产量性状的关联位点。这项研究初步揭示了SH527育种的关键区域,将为后续育种提供参考。杂交水稻为世界粮食的供应做出了重大贡献,而骨干亲本在杂交水稻品种选育中发挥着重要作用。为明确水稻骨干亲本蜀恢527(SH527,Oryza sativa)在育种过程中所利用的关键基因组区域,本研究对其进行了基于系谱的全基因组分析。利用高密度单核苷酸多态性(SNP)阵列对包括SH527、6个亲本品种及17个衍生恢复系在内的24个品种进行了扫描,分析了上游亲本对SH527基因组的独特贡献,确定了SH527及其衍生品种中保守的关键基因组区域。同时,利用多年的产量性状数据和SNP 芯片结果进行全基因组关联分析,发现了一些可能的已知或新的产量性状的关联位点。这项研究初步揭示了SH527育种的关键区域,将为后续育种提供参考。


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16. Receptor-like kinase OsASLRK regulates methylglyoxal response and content in rice
LIN Fa-ming, LI Shen, WANG Ke, TIAN Hao-ran, GAO Jun-feng, DU Chang-qing
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (7): 1731-1742.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63258-0
摘要129)      PDF    收藏

类受体蛋白激酶(Receptor-like kinases, RLKs)对于植物响应非生物胁迫至关重要。丙酮醛(Methylglyoxal, MG)作为一种细胞内源代谢产物,通常被认为是一种逆境信号分子。然而,关于RLK和MG之间的关系确知之甚少。本研究中,我们阐述了一个类受体蛋白激酶OsASLRK调控水稻MG响应和内源MG含量的功能。首先,我们发现OsASLRK基因启动子区域含有一个典型的MG反应元件(AAAAAAAA)。定量RT-PCR分析表明,OsASLRK转录水平的表达以时间和剂量依赖性方式显著受外源MG的诱导。GUS染色同样证实,外源MG处理可显著增强水稻根中OsASLRK的表达。遗传学分析表明,Osaslrk突变体表现出对外源MG敏感性增强,并且在外源MG处理下内源MG含量上升,而过表达OsASLRK的水稻植株表现出相反的表型。DAB染色,氧化清除酶活性和GSH含量测定表明,OsASLRK通过提高抗氧化酶活性和减轻膜损伤来调节MG敏感性和含量变化。因此,该研究结果为阐明水稻类受体蛋白激酶OsASLRK调控MG的功能提供了新证据。


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17. A rice geranylgeranyl reductase is essential for chloroplast development
LIU Xi, YI Xin, YANG Yan-rong, HUANG Qian-qian
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (10): 2592-2600.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63324-X
摘要116)      PDF    收藏

叶绿体对植物光合作用和生长是必要的。许多基因被鉴定参与调控植物叶绿体发育。然而,在分子水平上这些基因如何调控叶绿体生物合成是未知的。在本研究中,我们分离了一个色素缺乏的突变体ygl2YGL2编码一个牻牛儿基牻牛儿基还原酶。YGL2的第三外显子有一个碱基突变(T1361G),导致编码产物发生错义突变(L454R)。透射电镜显示,突变体ygl2的叶绿体发育受损。在突变体ygl2中,质体编码基因的表达水平发生显著变化。此外,通过酵母双杂交分析我们发现YGL2与RNA编辑因子MORF8互作


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18. Transgenic japonica rice expressing the cry1C gene is resistant to striped stem borers in Northeast China
JIN Yong-mei, MA Rui, YU Zhi-jing, LIN Xiu-feng
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (11): 2837-2848.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63279-8
摘要159)      PDF    收藏

在东北地区,鳞翅目害虫二化螟严重影响水稻产量和品质。本研究利用农杆菌介导法,将Bt抗虫基因cry1C导入到东北粳稻品种吉粳88。利用分子检测和抗Basta发芽试验,从126个转cry1C基因独立转化体中筛选出16个单拷贝纯合转基因株系。通过对cry1C蛋白水平、抗虫性和农艺性状的评价,最终获得4个高抗二化螟且产量高于非转基因对照品种的cry1C转基因株系,JL16、JL23、JL41和JL42。T-DNA侧翼序列分析结果表明,在转基因株系JL42中cry1C基因插入到第11号染色体基因间区,可推测未发生位置效应。本研究培育出4个抗二化螟转基因粳稻品系,为水稻抗虫育种提供了理论基础与新种质资源。


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19. JIA-2021-1309 一个RNaseH-like蛋白LHL1通过影响生长素信号调控水稻毛状体形成
CHEN Hong-yan, ZHU Zhu, WANG Xiao-wen, LI Yang-yang, HU Dan-ling, ZHANG Xue-fei, JIA Lu-qi, CUI Zhi-bo, SANG Xian-chun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (1): 31-40.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.101
摘要494)      PDF    收藏
水稻叶片表皮毛是由表皮细胞分化发育形成,表皮毛在植物的抗逆以及防止紫外直射等过程中都具有重要的作用,但关于水稻毛状体发育的研究还存在很大未知。在本研究中,我们对野生型籼系水稻西大1B进行EMS (ethylmethane sulfonate) 诱导,通过表型观察分析筛选出了毛状体发育缺陷突变体,将其命名为lhl1 (Less Hairy Leaf 1)。我们对其进行了基因定位和图位克隆,将其定位在2号染色体两个分子标记的70 kb的区间内,通过基因测序将LOC_Os02g25230确定为候选基因。之后我们构建了干涉以及超表达株系,扫描电镜观察分析发现LHL1-RNAi叶片同lhl1一样存在毛状体发育缺陷,但LHL1-OE株系叶片表面的毛状体形态与野生型相似,但数目大大增加。qRT-PCR分析发现,与野生型相比,突变体lhl1中正向调控毛状体发育相关的基因表达下调。对生长素相关基因定量分析发现,突变体hl7中生长素相关基因的表达严重下调,进一步通过激素响应分析发现HL7的表达受到生长素的诱导,证明了HL7影响水稻叶片毛状体的发育可能与生长素途径有关。
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20. JIA-2021-1944 水稻新型maspardin 蛋白基因OsMas1通过介导ABA信号途径调控其耐盐性和抗旱性研究
WANG Fei-bing, WAN Chen-zhong, NIU Hao-fei, QI Ming-yang, LI Gang, ZHANG Fan, HU Lai-bao, YE Yu-xiu, WANG Zun-xin, PEI Bao-lei, CHEN Xin-hong, YUAN Cai-yuan
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (2): 341-359.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.077
摘要367)      PDF    收藏
水稻(Oryza sativa L.)是世界主要粮食作物之一,干旱和高盐等非生物胁迫环境严重影响水稻产量,提高水稻水分利用效率的主要途径是提高其抗旱性和耐盐性。克隆和利用水稻抗旱耐盐相关基因,提高水稻的抗逆能力,对我国乃至全世界粮食安全都具有重要意义。本研究报道了水稻maspardin蛋白基因OsMas1克隆、生物学功能以及分子作用机制亚细胞定位分析,结果表明 OsMas1蛋白定位于细胞质。逆境胁迫表达分析表明,OsMas1基因受到200 mM甘露醇、20% PEG6000200 mM NaCl100 μM ABA诱导表达。构建植物表达载体RNAi干扰载体,将该基因导入水稻品种中花11号(WT),通过对转基因水稻材料抗性鉴定,结果表明过表达OsMas1-OE)植株的耐盐性和抗旱性显著增强,而干扰(OsMas1-RNAi)植株的耐盐性和抗旱性显著降低。对OsMas1-OEOsMas1-RNAiWT水稻材料进行芽期和苗期的外源ABA处理,结果发现OsMas1-OE植株对ABA的敏感性明显高于WT植株,而OsMas1-RNAi植株对ABA的敏感性明显WT植株。干旱、胁迫处理后,OsMas1-OE植株的ABA、脯氨酸、K+含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和光合活性显著高于OsMas1-RNAi植株和WT植株,丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢(H2O2)、超氧阴离子自由基(O2-)和Na+含量显著OsMas1-RNAi植株和WT植株。qRT-PCR分析表明,在盐、干旱胁迫下,过表达OsMas1基因显著上调ABA生物合成与信号途径、脯氨酸生物合成途径、活性氧(ROS)清除系统、光合作用和离子转运相关基因的表达,从而显著提高了转基因水稻植株的耐盐性和抗旱性,为水稻水分高效利用和抗逆育种奠定理论基础。
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21. JIA-2021-1980 水稻中胚轴长度的QTL分析和候选基因鉴定
ZHANG Xi-juan, LAI Yong-cai, MENG Ying, TANG Ao, DONG Wen-jun, LIU You-hong, LIU Kai, WANG Li-zhi, YANG Xian-li, WANG Wen-long, DING Guo-hua, JIANG Hui, REN Yang, JIANG Shu-kun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (2): 325-340.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.080
摘要599)      PDF    收藏
由于水稻直播在节约劳动力、节约水资源、保护环境和大幅减少温室气体排放等方面具有巨大潜力。因此,正成为许多国家水稻生产的主要栽培技术。挖掘和利用中胚轴伸长基因是加快直播稻育种和满足直播水稻生产要求的最有效途径之一。黑龙江省农业科学院利用丽江新团黑谷(LTH)和沈农265(SN265)衍生的144个重组自交系(RIL)群体及其配套的包含2,828个bin标记的连锁图谱分别在2019年和2020年检测了与中胚轴长度相关的数量性状基因座(QTL)。采用30°C黑暗环境下培养10天后测量中胚轴长度。在第1(2)、2(4)、3(2)、4、5、6、7、9、11(2)和12号染色体上共鉴定出16个中胚轴长度QTL。其中7个QTLs可以在两年中被重复检测到,包括qML1aqML1bqML2dqML3aqML3bqML5qML11b。主效QTL-qML3a还可以在不同作图方法中被重复检测到。进一步分析发现,qML3a被定位在88.18kb的范围内,这一区间包含13个预测基因。利用近等基因系也证明了qML3a的真实存在和调控中胚轴伸长的效果。最后,通过分析SN265、LTH 和日本晴之间的DNA序列变异,表明LOC_Os03g50550qML3a的候选基因。该基因编码有丝分裂原活化的蛋白激酶。使用qRT-RCR分析进一步揭示了LTH中胚轴中LOC_Os03g50550基因的表达水平显著低于SN265中胚轴中的表达水平。这些结果进一步加强了我们对水稻中胚轴伸长遗传机制的认识,也将有助于加快直播专用新品种的育种进程。


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22. Development of new aromatic rice lines with high eating and cooking qualities
Kanokwan KAEWMUNGKUN, Keasinee TONGMARK, Sriprapai CHAKHONKAEN, Numphet SANGARWUT, Thiwawan WASINANON, Natjaree PANYAWUT, Khanittha DITTHAB, Kannika SIKAEWTUNG, QI Yong-bin, Sukanya DAPHA, Atikorn PANYA, Natthaporn PHONSATTA, Amorntip MUANGPROM
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (3): 679-690.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.07.001
摘要237)      PDF    收藏

Rice is the staple food for about half of the world’s population.  Preferred by consumers, aromatic rice is a special type of rice with great commercial value.  Cooking and eating qualities and aroma are the major grain qualities favored by most consumers.  Currently, most of the available aromatic varieties have low yields and some undesirable agronomic traits.  Thus, there is an urgent need to develop better aromatic rice varieties.  This work aims to identify rice germplasm lines that have good grain quality and to develop new varieties with desirable traits.  Thirty-six out of 188 germplasm lines were found to have betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (badh2) controlling the aroma and were analyzed for their 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) contents.  Then, 17 of those lines were found to have alleles for low amylose content and low gelatinization temperature, controlled by waxy and starch synthase IIa (SSIIa), respectively, suggesting that they are aromatic rice lines with high cooking and eating qualities.  A total of 158 F7 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) generated from five crosses of the selected germplasm lines were planted for phenotypic and yield observations, resulting in 27 F8 RILs selected for yield evaluation and genotyping.  Finally, four out of the seven F9 aromatic RILs showed high yield, high 2AP production, and low amylose content, in agreement with their genotypes.  The other three F9 RILs were aromatic rice lines with high amylose content and high yield.  Because consumer preferences for grain quality vary depending on regions and ethnic groups, the high-yielding aromatic RILs generated from this study can be used to increase the yield of Thai rice and to raise market value and farm profits.

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23. JIA-2021-2026 OsDXR与OsMORF1互作调控水稻叶绿体发育及叶绿体基因RNA编辑
CAO Peng-hui, WANG Di, GAO Su, LIU Xi, QIAO Zhong-ying, XIE Yu-lin, DONG Ming-hui, DU Tan-xiao, ZHANG Xian, ZHANG Rui, JI Jian-hui
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (3): 669-678.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.005
摘要378)      PDF    收藏

植物叶绿素生物合成和叶绿体发育是两个受外源和内源因子调控的极其复杂过程。在研究中,我们鉴定了一个正水稻叶绿素生物合成和叶绿体发育还原异构酶基因OsDXROsDXR基因敲除突变体表现为白化致死表型,不能完成整个生命周期。OsDXR在水稻叶片中高表达,亚细胞定位表明OsDXR是一种叶绿体蛋白。与野生型相比,在OsDXR敲除突变体中许多参与叶绿素生物合成和叶绿体发育的基因表达存在差异。我们发现在OsDXR敲除突变体叶绿体基因ndhA-1019rpl2-1RNA编辑效率显著降低。此外,酵母双杂交和双分子荧光互补实验证实OsDXRRNA编辑因子OsMORF1相互作用。我们证质体2-C-甲基-去甲三醇-4-磷酸途径的破坏导致叶绿体发育和叶绿体基因的RNA编辑存在缺陷。

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24. JIA-2022-0204 OsPPR9编码一个DYW类型PPR蛋白,影响多个叶绿体RNA编辑位点的编辑效率,对叶绿体发育至关重要
CHEN Chang-zhao, WANG Ya-Liang, HE Meng-xing, LI Zhi-wen, SHEN Lan, LI Qing, RE De-yong, HU Jiang, ZHU Li, ZHANG Guang-heng, GAO Zhen-yu, ZENG Da-li, GUO Long-biao, QIAN Qian, ZHANG Qiang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (4): 972-980.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.026
摘要333)      PDF    收藏

叶片的光合作用主要发生在叶绿体中,叶绿体的发育受核基因编码蛋白调控。其中,PPR蛋白参与细胞器RNA编辑。在水稻中虽然鉴定出了约450PPR蛋白家族成员,但只有少数被证明影响水稻叶绿体RNA编辑。利用基因编辑技术创造了新的水稻种质资源和突变体,能够用于水稻育种和基因功能研究。本研究鉴定了一个DYW类型PPR蛋白OsPPR9在水稻叶绿体RNA编辑中的功能。通过CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术获得了Osppr9突变体,该突变体叶片黄化和致死表型;在突变体中,叶绿体发育相关基因表达量降低,光合作用相关蛋白的积累减少。此外,OsPPR9蛋白功能的缺失降低了叶绿体中rps8-C182, rpoC2-C4106, rps14-C80ndhB-C611 RNA编辑位点的编辑效率,影响水稻叶绿体的生长发育。OsPPR9在水稻叶片中表达量最高和编码一个定位于叶绿体PPR蛋白。此外,通过酵母双杂验证OsPPR9OsMORF2OsMORF9相互作用。总之,我们的研究为探明PPR蛋白在水稻叶绿体发育中的作用提供了线索。 

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25.

硝酸盐、脱落酸和赤霉素转运基因OsNPF3.1对水稻分蘖和氮利用效率至关重要

Junnan Hang, Bowen Wu, Diyang Qiu, Guo Yang, Zhongming Fang, Mingyong Zhang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2024, 23 (4): 1087-1104.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.04.024
摘要510)      PDF    收藏

低亲和硝酸盐转运基因成员已在水稻硝酸盐转运基因1/肽转运基因家族(NPF)的4-8亚家族中鉴定出来,但OsNPF3亚家族在硝酸盐和植物激素转运及水稻生长发育上还不清楚。本研究中,我们发现硝酸盐和植物激素转运基因OsNPF3.1在水稻分蘖和氮利用效率上起重要作用。OsNPF3.1的启动子序列在517个水稻品种中具有4种主要单倍型,其表达与分蘖数呈正相关。OsNPF3.1在水稻基部、茎和叶片中的表达量高于其他部位,且在水稻根部和地上部分被硝酸盐、脱落酸(ABA)和赤霉素3GA3)强烈诱导表达。电生理实验表明,OsNPF3.1是一种pH依赖的低亲和硝酸盐转运基因,且水稻原生质体摄取实验表明它是ABAGA3的转运基因。OsNPF3.1过表达后在高硝态氮浓度下显著促进了ABA在根系的积累和GA在基部的积累,进一步抑制了腋芽的伸长和水稻分蘖。在中低硝态氮浓度下OsNPF3.1的过表达植株氮利用效率增强,而在高硝态氮浓度下OsNPF3.1突变体植株氮利用效率增加。以上结果表明,OsNPF3.1在不同硝态氮浓度下的不同水稻组织中转运硝酸盐和植物激素。OsNPF3.1表达改变过表达植株或CRISPR植株分别在低硝酸盐和高硝酸盐浓度下提高氮利用效率。

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26. 绿色革命基因Semidwarf 1在陆稻育种中受到人工选择
Shuliang Jiao, Qinyan Li, Fan Zhang, Yonghong Tao, Yingzhen Yu, Fan Yao, Qingmao Li, Fengyi Hu, Liyu Huang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2024, 23 (3): 769-780.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.05.010
摘要251)      PDF    收藏

半矮化育种大大促进了作物产量,被称为第一次绿色革命。第一次绿色革命基因Semidwarf 1 (SD1)通过调节赤霉素的合成来发挥调控水稻株高的作用,该基因的突变能导致水稻株高降低从而促进抗倒伏和耐肥性,因此大大提高了水稻籽粒产量。株高有利于特定环境下的籽粒产量,但是SD1能否促进陆稻的适应性和产量还不清楚。本文对比分析了水田和旱地两种环境条件下水、陆稻种质资源株高和产量的关系。结果显示,植株通过降低高度来应对旱地的水分胁迫,并且两种条件下陆稻群体比水稻群体均具有更高的株高,适当地降低株高可以促进对旱地环境的适应性和维持籽粒产量。另外,陆稻本身具有较粗的茎杆和抗倒伏能力,而敲除陆稻品种IRAT104降低了株高和产量,表明通过SD1调节株高可以维持陆稻旱地条件下的籽粒产量。遗传多样性分析证明SD1单倍型变异可以引起株高的表型差异;从农家种到现代水稻品种育种历史进程中,SD1等位变异被选择利用,通过降低株高进而提高了水稻产量。对5SD1已知等位突变在农家种和现代育成种的分布情况进行分析,证明了陆稻更需要有功能的SD1以维持相当的籽粒产量。上述结果表明,SD1可能在陆稻群体中受到正向的人工选择,并进一步提出了陆稻育种需要较高株高的新观点。

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27. 生长素转运基因OsAUX1调控水稻分蘖发育
Luqi Jia, Yongdong Dai, Ziwei Peng, Zhibo Cui, Xuefei Zhang, Yangyang Li, Weijiang Tian, Guanghua He, Yun Li, Xianchun Sang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2024, 23 (5): 1454-1467.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.05.041
摘要246)      PDF    收藏
分蘖是重要农艺性状,其通过影响有效穗从而进一步影响水稻(Oryza sativa)产量。生长素在分蘖发育中起关键作用。本文鉴定一个多蘖半矮化突变体(htsd1),其根部表现出生长素缺陷的侧根侧根密度降低角度增大等特征。突变体htsd1对生长素的敏感性降低,外施生长素可部分抑制分蘖发育htsd1突变性状调控基因为LOC_Os01g63770该基因编码生长素转运蛋白OsAUX1。OsAUX1启动子区域含有大量SPLSQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE转录因子家族结合位点,鉴定发现SPL7可以直接结合到OsAUX1启动子区域。分蘖负调控关键基因OsTB1TEOSINTE BRANCHED1 htsd1突变体中极显著下降。OsTB1敲除突变体中分蘖数增加,外施生长素可以抑制OsTB1敲除突变体分蘖芽的生长htsd1突变中过表达OsAUX1基因可恢复少蘖表型。这些结果表明,SPL7可以直接结合到OsAUX1启动子区域进而调控OsTB1的表达,从而通过IAA途径调控水稻分蘖数的发育。
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28. 水稻细胞色素c氧化酶亚基5B基因OsCOX5B自然变异通过能量调控种子活力
Chengwei Huang, Zhijuan Ji, Qianqian Huang, Liling Peng, Wenwen Li, Dandan Wang, Zepeng Wu, Jia Zhao, Yongqi He, Zhoufei Wang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2024, 23 (9): 2898-2910.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.06.018
摘要210)      PDF    收藏

种子活力是直播稻生产的重要性状之一。本研究利用全基因组关联分析方法,挖掘控制水稻种子活力性状包括发芽指数(GI)和发芽GP)的遗传因子;鉴定到一个同时控制GIGP的主效位点qGI6/qGP6验证qGI6/qGP6候选基因为细胞色素c氧化酶亚基5B基因OsCOX5B;与野生型(WT粳稻日本晴相比,该基因突变体种子活力显著降低。基因共表达分析表明,OsCOX5B主要通过影响三羧酸循环过程调控种子活力;在种子萌发过程中Oscox5b突变体葡萄糖含量显著高于WT,而丙酮酸和三磷酸腺苷水平显著降低此外,OsCOX5B基因优异单倍型通过增强种子萌发过程中其表达水平促进种子活力。因此,培育适宜直播生产的高活力水稻品种中,OsCOX5B一个具有潜在育种利用价值的重要基因

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29. SUPER WOMAN 2 (SPW2) 通过抑制花同源异型基因OsMADS3OsMADS58OsMADS13DROOPING LEAF的表达维持小穗的器官特征
ZHUANG Hui, LAN Jin-song, YANG Qiu-ni, ZHAO Xiao-yu, LI Yu-huan, ZHI Jing-ya, SHEN Ya-lin, HE Guang-hua, LI Yun-feng
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2024, 23 (1): 59-76.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.07.010
摘要287)      PDF    收藏

水稻的花器官特征主要由ABCE四类基因决定,它们大多编码MADS-box转录因子。然而,在花发育过程中,对于这些基因的表达如何被调控的研究很少。本研究报道了一个名为SUPER WOMAN 2SPW2)的基因,该基因在水稻的小穗/小花发育过程中通过调控雌蕊特征基因OsMADS3OsMADS13OsMADS58DL的表达发挥重要作用。SPW2突变导致小穗内的护颖、外稃、内稃、浆片和雄蕊中出现异位的柱头/子房状组织。通过图位克隆,我们揭示了SPW2编码一个植物特有的类EMF1蛋白,该蛋白是PRC2复合物的重要组成部分,并介导H3K27me3修饰。表达分析显示,SPW2突变导致OsMADS3OsMADS13OsMADS58DL在小穗的非雌蕊器官中异位表达。此外,ChIP-qPCR结果显示这些基因在染色质上的H3K27me3修饰水平显著降低。因此,我们的研究结果表明SPW2通过参与H3K27me3介导的雌蕊特征基因表观遗传沉默,进而调控它们在水稻小穗的非雌蕊器官中的表达。这项研究拓宽了我们对于SPW2通过表观遗传调控花器官特征基因的分子机制的认识。

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30. 考虑上位性的全基因组关联分析为高产优质水稻的高效育种提供了见解
Xiaogang He, Zirong Li, Sicheng Guo, Xingfei Zheng, Chunhai Liu, Zijie Liu, Yongxin Li, Zheming Yuan, Lanzhi Li
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2024, 23 (8): 2541-2556.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.07.021
摘要179)      PDF    收藏

标记辅助选择(MAS)和基因组选择(GS)育种极大地提高了水稻育种效率。由于上位性和基因多效性的影响,如何保证MASGS育种的实际效果仍是一个需要攻克的问题。本研究对113个籼稻品种(V)及565个杂交种(TC)的12个品质性状和9个农艺性状进行了全基因组关联分析,探讨了12个品质性状和9个农艺性状的遗传基础。共检测到381个主效显著相关位点(SAL)和1759个与这些主效SALs发生了上位性互作的微效SALs。筛选出322个位于SALs内或附近的候选基因,其中204个为克隆基因。通过对候选基因的优势单倍型和微效SALs的理想等位基因进行聚合分析,挖掘了39个有利于性状改良的MAS分子模块。通过构建遗传网络,鉴定到91个多效性位点。此外,本研究比较了将主效SALs、微效SALs和上位性SALs作为GS预测模型的协变量的预测精度与不使用SAL作为协变量的预测精度的差异。在TC数据集大多性状4种模型的预测准确性无显著差异但在V数据集中,加入主效SALs、微效SALs和上位性SALs分别显著提高了5(26%)3(16%)11(58%)个性状的预测准确性。这些结果表明,上位性SALs可为亲本品系预测提供相当高的预测能力。这些结果为复杂性状的遗传基础提供了新的见解,为水稻分子育种提供了有价值的信息。

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31. 小粒水稻不育系卓201S粒型QTL遗传分析与精细定位
Bin Lei, Jiale Shao, Feng Zhang, Jian Wang, Yunhua Xiao, Zhijun Cheng, Wenbang Tang, Jianmin Wan
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2024, 23 (7): 2155-2163.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.07.026
摘要285)      PDF    收藏
小粒水稻不育系卓201S (Z201S) 的开发和应用显示了其在机械化杂交水稻制种方面的潜力,从而显著降低制种成本。然而,调控201S小粒特性的分子机制尚不清楚。本研究利用小粒水稻不育系卓201S和普通粒型水稻品种R2115构建的近等基因系进行了遗传分析。结果表明,Z201S的小粒性状是由一个部分显性基因控制,同时提高了穗粒数。利用图位克隆的方法,将目标基因定位在2号染色体短臂、分子标记LB354和LB63之间约113 kb区间内。转基因分析和基因表达分析显示LOC_Os02g14760是最可能的候选基因,表明Z201S的小粒性状由一个新的基因位点控制。
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32. Exploring the genetic basis of pre-harvest sprouting in rice through a genome-wide association study-based haplotype analysis
Myeong-Hyeon Min, Aye Aye Khaing, Sang-Ho Chu, Bhagwat Nawade, Yong-Jin Park
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2024, 23 (8): 2525-2540.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.12.004
摘要112)      PDF    收藏

In this study, we employed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on diverse rice accessions to identify novel PHS-associated haplotypes.  An assessment of 127 cultivated accessions for panicle germination (PHS) and detached grain germination (germination rate of detached grains at the 14th day (D14)) revealed considerable phenotypic variation among rice ecotypes.  GWAS analysis identified 91 significant signals at –log10(P-value)>5, including 15 SNPs for PHS and 76 SNPs for D14.  A subsequent linkage disequilibrium (LD) block-based GWAS analysis detected 227 significant SNPs for both traits, consisting of 18 nonsynonymous substitutions located on the coding regions of nine genes.  Further haplotype analysis identified 32 haplotypes, with 10 specific to cultivated accessions, 19 specific to the wild type, and three shared between them.  A phenotypic assessment of major haplotypes revealed significant differences between resistant (Hap1 and Hap2) and susceptible haplotypes (Hap5, Hap27, and Hap28), distinguished by a G/A SNP within a novel gene, Os04g0545200.  The identified haplotypes offer promising prospects for haplotype-based breeding aimed at enhancing PHS resistance in rice.

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