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1. 谷子EMS突变体叶绿素含量、气孔导度及光合速率变异分析
TANG Chan-juan, LUO Ming-zhao, ZHANG Shuo, JIA Guan-qing, TANG Sha, JIA Yan-chao, ZHI Hui, DIAO Xian-min
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (6): 1618-1630.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.10.014
摘要298)      PDF    收藏

叶绿素(Chl)含量,尤其是Chl b含量和气孔导度(Gs)是影响净光合速率(Pn)的关键因素。谷子(Setaria italica)是二倍体C4禾本科植物,基因组简单,转化效率高,已被广泛应用于光合作用和耐旱研究中。本研究对48EMS诱变的谷子材料进行了Chl含量、Gs以及Pn的表征。发现分别有2434以及35个突变体材料在Chl含量、Gs以及Pn上发生了显著的变异。相关分析表明,Gs的增加与Pn的增加存在显著正相关关系,Chl b含量的降低与Pn的降低存在弱相关关系。值得注意的是,我们鉴定到两个突变体,Chl b含量显著低于对照豫谷1号,但Pn显著高于豫谷1号。同时,有7个突变体,Gs显著降低于对照,但Pn不显著降低。由此,本研究鉴定了丰富的遗传变异株系,对这些株系对进一步研究将有助于解析Chl含量、GsPn之间的关系,以及C4物种高效光合和节水的机理

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2. 具有条锈病和白粉病抗性的小麦-墨西哥黑麦T1DL•1RS易位系新种质的创制与鉴定
LI Jiao-jiao, ZHAO Li, LÜ Bo-ya, FU Yu, ZHANG Shu-fa, LIU Shu-hui, YANG Qun-hui, WU Jun, LI Jia-chuang, CHEN Xin-hong
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (5): 1291-1307.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.039
摘要421)      PDF    收藏
黑麦(Secale cereale L., 2n=2x=14, RR)因具有多种病害抗性和非生物胁迫耐性受性强的特点而被认为是普通小麦改良的重要遗传资源。源自德国栽培黑麦品种Petkus的1RS染色体在小麦的育种进程中起着举足轻重的作用,但由于其所具有的抗病性逐渐变弱,因此亟需发掘新的抗性资源。本研究从普通小麦和墨西哥黑麦的杂交后代中选育了一个新型衍生后代,命名为D27。细胞学观察显示D27的核型组成为2n=42=21II。基因组原位杂交(GISH)结果表明D27中含有一对整臂易位的墨西哥黑麦染色体,该外源染色体在有丝分裂和减数分裂过程中均能稳定遗传。荧光原位杂交(FISH)和醇溶蛋白电泳分析都表明衍生系D27的小麦1DS染色体发生了丢失,取而代之的是墨西哥黑麦的1RS染色体。这一结果同样得到了小麦简单序列重复(SSR)标记、黑麦特异序列扩增区段(SCAR)标记和小麦40K SNP芯片的验证支持,即:通过分子标记和芯片检测,D27中不含有小麦1DS染色体,但是存在黑麦1RS染色体。农艺性状鉴定表明与小麦亲本相比D27的分蘖数增多,条锈病和白粉病抗性增强。面团特性分析表明,1DS染色体被1RS染色体替换后,衍生系D27的面团粘性增加,弹性变低,有利于蛋糕的制作。综上所述,细胞遗传学稳定的小麦-墨西哥黑麦T1DL·1RS易位系可作为小麦抗病和增产育种的优异新种质,同时可用于黑麦1RS染色体遗传多样性的研究。
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3. JIA-2021-1422 大豆短叶柄种质M657的耐密、抗倒伏性鉴定及密度对产量相关表型的影响
GAO Hua-wei, YANG Meng-yuan, YAN Long, HU Xian-zhong, HONG Hui-long, ZHANG Xiang, SUN Ru-jian, WANG Hao-rang, WANG Xiao-bo, LIU Li-ke, ZHANG Shu-zhen, QIU Li-juan
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (2): 434-446.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.047
摘要257)      PDF    收藏
高密度种植可以提高大豆产量,但通过改良株高及叶柄性状以选育株型紧凑、抗倒伏性优异的高产品种是提高产量的重要途径。2017-2018年,我们比较了黄淮地区四个地点的短叶柄种质M657与三个对照品种产量相关性状、抗倒伏性和叶柄相关表型间的关系。结果表明,M657对高种植密度和倒伏性表现出极高且稳定的耐受性,尤其在最高密度8×105株ha-1下表现依然优异。回归分析表明,较短的叶柄长度与抗倒伏性的增加显著相关。产量分析表明,M657在较高密度下获得了较高的产量,尤其在黄淮北片地区。在与地点、密度相关的倒伏性和产量方面,不同品种对株距、行间距的反应存在显著差异。植株的倒伏性与种植密度、株高、叶柄长度和有效分枝数显著正相关,与茎粗、单株粒数、单株粒重呈显著负相关。在当前大豆品种种植密度的基础上,适当增加种植密度有助于黄淮地区大豆的产量提高。本研究为在高密度种植系统中引入适宜高产的紧凑株型性状、建立黄淮地区大豆高产模式提供了极有价值的新种质资源。
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4. 一种快速、简易、可靠的培养皿内青枯菌接种方法
CAO Peng, CHEN Jia-lan, LI Ning-ning, ZHANG Shuang-xi, WANG Rong-bo, LI Ben-jin, LIU Pei-qing, AN Yu-yan, ZHANG Mei-xiang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (12): 3709-3719.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.05.020
摘要390)      PDF    收藏

茄科劳尔氏菌,简称青枯菌(Ralstonia solanacearum),是一种分布广泛的土传细菌病原菌,该病原菌从根部侵染植物,最终引发青枯病(Bacterial wilt disease)。青枯菌寄主范围广泛,可在200多种植物包括马铃薯、番茄、辣椒、烟草、花生等重要作物上引起毁灭性的植物病害,被列为世界上第二大细菌性植物病原菌,给全世界的农作物生产带来巨大威胁。研究并解析青枯菌与植物互作的分子机制可为青枯病防控策略的建立奠定基础。然而,目前科研中主要采用的青枯菌土壤灌根法接种方法存在实验周期长所需植物培养空间大且条件不容易控制等问题,限制了青枯菌与植物互作研究的开展。因此,亟需一种快速操作简易、结果稳定的青枯菌接种方法。为此,本文建立了一种培养皿内青枯菌接种方法(Petri-dish inoculation method),该方法具备接种后发病稳定、操作简易和实验周期短等特点,可广泛用于青枯菌与植物互作研究。为了证明该方法在青枯菌与植物互作研究中的有效性,本文利用引发植物防御作用的分子模式Pep1,拟南芥感病突变体npr1,以及具有不同毒力水平的青枯菌突变体ΔhrcVΔRipAC,研究了青枯菌皿内接种方法在评估植物抗病性和青枯菌致病性中的适用性和高效性。同时,我们利用皿内接种方法再现了前人对4个烟草品种的抗性评估结果,表明该方法可用于不同植物种质材料的抗性评估和筛选。鉴于此方法具有快速、操作简单、节省空间,人力和财力,以及所需接种量少的优点,该方法可用于快速大规模青枯菌突变体致病性分析以及植物对青枯菌抗性种质材料的筛选和鉴定。青枯菌皿内接种方法也为其他土传病原菌的接种提供参考。

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5. 30年有机物料与化学氮肥配施对土壤团聚体碳氮的影响
BAI Jin-shun, ZHANG Shui-qing, HUANG Shao-min, XU Xin-peng, ZHAO Shi-cheng, QIU Shao-jun, HE Ping, ZHOU Wei
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (11): 3517-3534.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.09.012
摘要203)      PDF    收藏

为理解长期有机物料与化学氮肥配施对土壤有机碳和全氮的影响,在黄淮海平原开展了长达30年的小麦-玉米轮作田间试验(1990–2019)。试验包含5个施肥处理:不施肥(control)、单施化肥(NPK)、化肥与秸秆配施NPKS)、化肥与有机肥配施(NPKM)和1.5倍化肥与有机肥配施1.5NPKM),NPKNPKSNPKM处理氮投入总量相同。测定试验期间作物产量,采集土壤表层(0–10 and 10–20 cm)和下层(20–40 cm)样品,进行土壤团聚体分级并测定团聚体碳氮含量。有机无机配合处理NPKS, NPKM1.5NPKM)与NPK处理相比30年平均作物产量无显著差异,土壤表层和下层有机碳和全氮均显著提高,表层土壤有机碳和全氮分别提高24.1–44.4%22.8–47.7%下层土壤有机碳和全氮分别提高22.0–47.9%19.8–41.8%%。与NPK处理相比NPKS处理0-10cm土层和NPKM处理20-40cm土层具有显著较高的大团聚体组分质量比例,提高幅度分别为19.827.0%然而1.5NPKM处理在0-10cm20-40cm土层的土壤大团聚体组分质量比例较对照显著降低下降幅度分别为-19.2-29.1%。分析表明有机无机配合处理较NPK处理有显著较高土壤有机碳和全氮主要与自由态微团聚体和大团聚体中的微团聚体等土壤稳定性组分的碳氮增加有关,稳定性组分对土壤碳氮含量增加的贡献率分别达81.1–91.7%和 83.3–94.0%。不同施肥处理0-40cm土层的土壤稳定性碳库和氮库与处理年平均碳投入量均呈显著正相关,回归系数分别为0.740.72(P<0.01),表明土壤氮对碳贮存的重要性。我们研究为长期有机物料与化学氮肥配施措施在保持合理总氮投入下有利于上层和下层土壤碳氮的保蓄提供了证据。

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6. JIA-2021-1295 长期不同施肥处理剖面磷形态特征及其与土壤性质的定量关系
WANG Qiong, QIN Zhen-han, ZHANG Wei-wei, CHEN Yan-hua, ZHU Ping, PENG Chang, WANG Le, ZHANG Shu-xiang, Gilles COLINET
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (9): 2720-2733.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.07.018
摘要177)      PDF    收藏

本研究依托于29年的黑土长期定位试验,供试作物为玉米。肥料试验包括不施肥对照(CK)、施氮、钾肥(NK)、氮磷钾平衡施肥(NPK)、氮磷钾+有机肥(NPKM)共4 个处理。选取了2018年0-20,20-40,40-60 cm的土壤样品,测定土壤性质,并采用Hedley连续浸提法分析了土壤磷形态。试验结果表明,长期有机无机配施处理(NPKM)促进了磷在土壤剖面的积累,与初始值相比,其全磷含量增加了0.6-1.6倍。NPKM处理中,其剖面的有效磷含量也远远超过了黑土的环境阈值(50.6 mg kg-1)。此外,NPKM处理中土壤剖面各活性和中活性态无机磷(NaHCO3-Pi,NaOH-Pi和diluted HCl-Pi)的含量与比例显著高于NPK处理。这表明,NPKM处理可促进土壤稳定态磷向活性较高的磷形态转化。这可能是由于NPKM降低了土壤对磷的固定。冗余分析结果表明,由施肥引起的土壤有机质、Mehlich3-Fe和络合态铝氧化物含量的增加是影响黑土0-20 cm磷形态差异的主要因素。土壤矿物组分,如游离态的铁氧化物、碳酸钙是影响黑土深层土壤磷形态差异的主要因素。这表明黑土磷的转化过程同时受土层和施肥的影响。由于磷在不同土层中的积累和转化导致的高含量的有效磷以及有机肥的施用增加的活性较高的磷形态含量,我们在生产实践中应适当的减少或优化化肥的投入,以实现农业与环境的可持续发展


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7. JIA-2020-2489 大豆紧凑株型突变体M657的叶柄表型鉴定及短叶柄新品系培育
GAO Hua-wei, SUN Ru-jian, YANG Meng-yuan, YAN Long, HU Xian-zhong, FU Guang-hui, HONG Hui-long, GUO Bing-fu, ZHANG Xiang, LIU Li-ke, ZHANG Shu-zhen, QIU Li-juan
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (9): 2508-2520.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.07.004
摘要307)      PDF    收藏

本研究建立了叶柄长度检测方法,并对EMS诱变冀黄13获得的高光效新种质M657为材料,于2017-2018年度在北方、黄淮、南方共7个地点进行表型鉴定。与冀黄13相比,M657在北方春、黄淮海夏及南方夏种植时矮化、叶柄短表型稳定,M657株高与叶柄长度显著降低,有效分枝数增加,生育期延长2-7 d,单株粒重、百粒重下降;4个短叶柄新品系的选育为大豆株型改良提供了重要的亲本种质,同时证明了利用矮杆短叶柄新种质M657理想株型为耐密、高产大豆新品种的培育的可行性


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8. 三种非酸性土壤的无机磷组分特征及与土壤性质的相关性
ZHANG Nai-yu, WANG Qiong, ZHAN Xiao-ying, WU Qi-hua, HUANG Shao-min, ZHU Ping, YANG Xue-yun, ZHANG Shu-xiang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (12): 3626-3636.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.012
摘要138)      PDF    收藏

了解磷组分特征和影响因素对提高土壤磷利用效率具有重要的意义。基于黑土、潮土和塿土的长期定位试验,选择了五种施肥方式并将其分为三组:无磷肥处理(CK/NK)、平衡施用无机肥处理(NPK/NPKS)和有机无机配施处理(NPKM)。对土壤无机磷组分和土壤性质进行了分析,研究了无机磷组分特征及无机磷组分与土壤性质的关系。结果表明,三种土壤中Ca10-P占总无机磷的比例最高,黑土、潮土和塿土分别为33.5%48.8%44.8%。长期施肥导致了土壤无机磷累积或耗竭的周期性变化。NPK/NPKSNPKM处理下,黑土和潮土在施肥后期(10-20年)的磷累积量高于施肥早期(0-10年),而塿土正好相反。黑土中无机磷的累积发生在全部磷组分中,而潮土主要为Ca8-PFe-PCa10-P,塿土主要为Ca2-PCa8-PO-PCK/NK处理下,三种土壤的无机磷耗竭主要发生在施肥早期;除活性无机磷(Ca2-P)和中活性无机磷(Ca8-PFe-PAl-P)外,黑土和潮土中的Ca10-P,塿土中的O-P也可被作物利用。冗余分析表明,土壤性质解释了每种土壤90%以上无机磷组分的变化,其中,土壤有机质的解释百分比在黑土、潮土和塿土中分别为43.6%74.6%38.2%总之,在非酸性土壤中施用磷肥时,应考虑磷的累积速率和土壤性质驱动无机磷组分的变化。

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9. Changes in soil organic carbon pools following long-term fertilization under a rain-fed cropping system in the Loess Plateau, China
WANG Ren-jie, SONG Jia-shan, FENG Yong-tao, ZHOU Jiang-xiang, XIE Jun-yu, Asif KHAN, CHE Zong-xian, ZHANG Shu-lan, YANG Xue-yun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (9): 2512-2525.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63482-7
摘要177)      PDF    收藏

本研究选取黄土高原旱地农田系统三个长期定位试验:杨凌(25年)、天水(35年)、平凉(37年),研究长期不同施肥对SOC及其组分,例如:矿质结合态有机碳(MOC)和颗粒有机碳(POC,包含轻组颗粒有机碳和重组颗粒有机碳)的影响。每个试验点包括三个处理:对照(不施任何肥料,CK),施化肥(CF)和化肥与有机肥配施(MCF)。结果表明:施肥显著增加了耕层(0-20 cm)土壤固碳速率,杨凌、天水和平凉三个点化肥处理较CK分别提高134、89和129 kg ha-1 yr-1,有机无机配施 分别提高418、153和384 kg ha-1 yr-1。杨凌、天水和平凉三个点MOC库分别占总SOC储量的72、67和64%;三个地点CF处理的固碳速率分别为76、57和83 kg ha-1 yr-1,MCF分别为238、118和156 kg ha-1 yr-1且呈现出MOC饱和的趋势。相应的POC库储量在三个试验点分别占总SOC储量的27、33和36%,其中Light-POC占SOC总量的11、17和22%,Heavy-POC占17、16和15%。三个点CF处理POC库固碳速率分别为58、32和46 kg ha-1 yr-1,MCF分别为181、90和228 kg ha-1 yr-1。其中,Light-POC在CF处理中的贡献占POC的59、81和72%,在MCF处理中的贡献占POC的60、40和69%,其余则为Heavy-POC的贡献。相比CK处理,单施化肥对MOC和POC占总SOC的比例没有影响,而MCF处理显著降低了MOC占SOC的比例,增加了POC所占比例,主要表现为Light-POC组分的增加。SOC在不同库中的分布与土壤团聚体的分布和稳定性密切相关。本研究表明,施用有机肥不仅能够提高土壤有机碳储量,还可以显著改变土壤有机碳的组成,从而提高土壤有机碳的质量,可能与土壤有机碳的饱和水平有关。


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10. Integrating the physical and genetic map of bread wheat facilitates the detection of chromosomal rearrangements
ZHAO Lai-bin, XIE Die, HUANG Lei, ZHANG Shu-jie, LUO Jiang-tao, JIANG Bo, NING Shun-zong, ZHANG Lian-quan, YUAN Zhong-wei, WANG Ji-rui, ZHENG You-liang, LIU Deng-cai, HAO Ming
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (9): 2333-2342.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63289-0
摘要118)      PDF    收藏

本研究利用一个人工合成小麦与普通小麦品种构建的重组自交系,构建了一张包含28个FISH多态性标记和超过150000个单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)标记的整合图谱。锚定在整合图谱的28个FISH标记中,20个FISH标记的共分离SNP标记推断的物理位置与原位杂交的物理位置一致。另外8个位置不一致的FISH标记是由亲本含有的易位染色体(1R/1B和1A/7A)或臂内倒位染色体(4A)所导致。9个在于中国春染色体上也具有杂交信号的FISH标记中,8个FISH标记的杂交信号位置与通过参考基因组序列锚定的物理位置一致,表明当前中国春参考基因组对重复序列的组装效果较好。因此,整合图谱对定位重复序列以及提高对基因组重复序列的组装精度方面具有一定利用价值


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11. The impacts of oxytetracycline on humification during manure composting can be alleviated by adjusting initial moisture contents as illustrated by NMR
FENG Yao, WANG Gui-zhen, LIU Yuan-wang, CHENG Deng-miao, FAN Shuang-hu, ZHAO Quan-sheng, Jianming XUE, ZHANG Shu-qing, LI Zhao-jun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (8): 2277-2288.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63332-9
摘要124)      PDF    收藏

土霉素广泛存在于土壤和水体中,可能对农业生态环境构成潜在威胁。含土霉素的粪便作为有机肥施用是土霉素进入土壤和水体的主要途径之一。因此,实现粪便堆肥过程中土霉素的有效去除,并明确土霉素存在下堆肥有机质的转化规律十分重要。本文通过调节不同初始含水率(45%、55%、65%),外源模拟添加土霉素,将鸡粪和小麦秸秆共堆肥,以研究堆肥过程中土霉素降解及有机质变化规律。研究结果表明,堆肥初始含水率对土霉素降解有显著影响,与较低初始含水率相比,初始含水率为65%更有利于土霉素降解(降解率77.4%)和堆肥腐熟,然而,高初始含水率(65%)可能促进堆肥过程的硝化作用,从而增加了氨挥发。此外,增加堆肥初始含水率可以提高堆肥温度。核磁共振结果显示,土霉素的存在可以影响脂肪类物质的内部转化,从而抑制堆肥的腐殖化。55-65%的初始含水率可以缓解粪便堆肥过程中土霉素对腐殖化的影响。


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12. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of Argonaute gene family from longan embryogenic callus
CHEN Rong-zhu, SHEN Xu, ZHANG Shu-ting, ZHAO Hua, CHEN Xiao-hui, XU Xiao-ping, HUO Wen, ZHANG Zi-hao, LIN Yu-ling, LAI Zhong-xiong
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (8): 2138-2155.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63313-5
摘要132)      PDF    收藏

Argonaute(AGO)蛋白是RNA诱导基因沉默复合体的核心元件,调控植物从器官发育到非生物胁迫的各个过程。AGO基因家族在许多植物中已被鉴定,但在龙眼中并未见报道。此外,AGO如何在植物胚胎的信号通路中对变化的环境刺激作出反应也尚不清楚。本研究对龙眼的AGO基因家族进行了全基因组鉴定,并分析了其在体细胞胚胎发生(SE)、合子胚胎发生(ZE)、组织发育过程、激素反应、光照和非生物胁迫处理的表达模式。结果表明,基于龙眼基因组数据库有10个龙眼AGO基因被鉴定出来,分为4个分支,分布在1、4、8、10、12、13、14和15号染色体上,内含子数目介于2-23个。表达谱分析表明DlAGOs调控龙眼早中期胚胎、种子、花和茎的发育过程。此外,外源激素、光照和非生物胁迫对DlAGOs的转录水平也表现出不同的表达模式。这些研究结果为进一步阐明龙眼EC中RNAi介导的基因沉默机制提供了有用的信息


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13. Identification of blast-resistance loci through genome-wide association analysis in foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.)
LI Zhi-jiang, JIA Guan-qing, LI Xiang-yu, LI Yi-chu, ZHI Hui, TANG Sha, MA Jin-feng, ZHANG Shuo, LI Yan-dong, SHANG Zhong-lin, DIAO Xian-min
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (8): 2056-2064.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63196-3
摘要198)      PDF    收藏

由瘟病菌引起的瘟病造成世界上多种粮食作物严重减产,但是到目前为止,在禾本科作物中,对抗瘟病基因的遗传研究仍然有限。本研究利用888份谷子核心种质资源,在苗期接种谷瘟病菌株HN-1,通过GWAS方法,寻找抗谷瘟病位点。表型鉴定结果表明,谷子种质资源中高抗资源不到1.6%,中抗资源占35.25%,中感资源占57.09%,高感资源占6.08%。通过表型鉴定发现,在地理分布上,谷子生长季降雨量较高的地区高抗资源比例相对较高。利用覆盖谷子全基因组的720 000个SNP标记进行全基因组关联分析,在第2和第9条染色体上找到了2个显著的谷瘟病抗性相关位点,对这2个位点的分析找到了8个可能的抗病候选基因。这些结果为抗谷瘟病遗传育种和相关基因的克隆奠定了基础,也为其他作物抗瘟病育种和相关基础研究提供了指导信息。


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14. Monilinia fructicola on loquat: An old pathogen invading a new host
YIN Liang-fen, ZHANG Shu-qin, DU Juan, WANG Xin-yu, XU Wen-xing, LUO Chao-xi
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (7): 2009-2014.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63375-5
摘要128)      PDF    收藏

链核盘菌属真菌美澳型核果链核盘菌Monilinia fructicola是世界上许多蔷薇科果树褐腐病的病原菌。其已被报道可广泛侵染核果类果树,如桃、李、樱桃、杏和梅,仁果类果树,如苹果、梨和山楂等。枇杷虽然和苹果、梨、山楂等都属于苹果亚科枇杷属植物,但到目前为止,还没有枇杷是任何链核盘菌属真菌的寄主的相关报道。2019年6月,我们在湖北武汉的一个果园里观察到枇杷果实发生褐腐病。经过对病样进行采集,从中共获得了30个单孢菌株。通过对病菌形态特征观察结合分子生物学分析,将枇杷褐腐病的病原菌鉴定为M. fructicola。这是世界上首次报道由链核盘菌引起的枇杷褐腐病。此外,通过人工接种,我国桃褐腐病菌的三个种M. fructicolaMonilia mumecolaMonilia yunnanensis均可以在枇杷果实上形成典型的褐腐病。同时,在对桃果实进行致病性试验时,从枇杷中分离的M. fructicola和桃分离的M. fructicola表现出相当的致病力,预示在实际生产中枇杷可能被其它链核盘菌侵染,同时枇杷上的链核盘菌也可能对其它蔷薇科果树造成危害。


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15. Kinetics of selenium absorption in ligated small intestinal loops of chicks
LIU Guo-qing, ZHANG Shu-min, AN Zhi-min, FENG Yan-zhong, DONG Xue-yu, LI Su-fen, LU Lin, ZHANG Li-yang, WANG Run-lian, LUO Xu-gang, LIAO Xiu-dong
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (8): 2095-2102.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63194-X
摘要135)      PDF    收藏
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element that has a large number of biological functions for broilers.  However, the absorption kinetics of Se from sodium selenite in the small intestine of broilers remains unclear.  Therefore, two experiments were conducted with 28-d-old commercial male broilers to study the kinetics of Se absorption in ligated small intestinal segments.  In experiment 1, the Se absorption in duodenal, jejunal, and ileal segments at different post-perfusion time points (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 min) were compared.  In experiment 2, a kinetic study of Se absorption was conducted with the duodenal, jejunal, and ileal loops perfused with solutions containing 0, 0.0375, 0.075, 0.15, 0.30, or 0.60 μg mL–1 of Se as sodium selenite, and Se contents in perfusates were determined at 100 min after perfusion.  The results from experiment 1 showed that the Se absorption increased in an asymptotic response (P<0.0001) to post-perfusion time within 120 min in all the small intestinal segments, but increased linearly (P<0.0001) at less than 100 min after perfusion in duodenal and ileal segments, while more than 96.0% of the maximum Se absorption occurred at 100 min after perfusion in each small intestinal segment.  In experiment 2, there was no difference (P>0.05) in the Se absorption rate among different ligated small intestinal segments perfused with solutions containing 0.0375–0.15 μg mL–1 of Se, however, the Se absorption rate was higher (P<0.05) in the jejunum than that in the duodenum perfused with solutions containing 0.30–0.60 μg mL–1 of Se.  The kinetic curves of Se absorption demonstrated that the Se absorption was a saturated carrier-mediated process in the duodenum, and the maximum absorption rate was 1 271 pg min–1 cm–1; whereas the Se absorptions were a non-saturated diffusion process in the jejunum and ileum, and the diffusive constants were 2 107 and 1 777 cm2 min–1, respectively.  The results from the present study indicate that the jejunum is the main Se absorption site, and the Se absorption is a saturated carrier-mediated process in the duodenum, but a non-saturated diffusion process in the jejunum and ileum of broilers.
 
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16.
MmNet: Identifying Mikania micrantha Kunth in the wild via a deep Convolutional Neural Network
QIAO Xi, LI Yan-zhou, SU Guang-yuan, TIAN Hong-kun, ZHANG Shuo, SUN Zhong-yu, YANG Long, WAN Fang-hao, QIAN Wan-qiang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (5): 1292-1300.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62829-7
摘要156)      PDF    收藏
Mikania micrantha Kunth is an invasive alien weed and known as a plant killer around the world.  Accurately and rapidly identifying M. micrantha in the wild is important for monitoring its growth status, as this helps management officials to take the necessary steps to devise a comprehensive strategy to control the invasive weed in the identified area.  However, this approach still mainly depends on satellite remote sensing and manual inspection.  The cost is high and the accuracy rate and efficiency are low.  We acquired color images of the monitoring area in the wild environment using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and proposed a novel network -MmNet- based on a deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to identify M. micrantha in the images.  The network consists of AlexNet Local Response Normalization (LRN), along with the GoogLeNet and continuous convolution of VGG inception models.  After training and testing, the identification of 400 testing samples by MmNet is very good, with accuracy of 94.50% and time cost of 10.369 s.  Moreover, in quantitative comparative analysis, the proposed MmNet not only has high accuracy and efficiency but also simple construction and outstanding repeatability.  Compared with recently popular CNNs, MmNet is more suitable for the identification of M. micrantha in the wild.  However, to meet the challenge of wild environments, more M. micrantha images need to be acquired for MmNet training.  In addition, the classification labels need to be sorted in more detail.  Altogether, this research provides some theoretical and scientific basis for the development of intelligent monitoring and early warning systems for M. micrantha and other invasive species. 
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17. Effects of palm fat powder and coated folic acid on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility and hepatic fat accumulation of Holstein dairy bulls
ZHANG Zhen, LIU Qiang, WANG Cong, GUO Gang, HUO Wen-jie, ZHANG Yan-li, PEI Cai-xia, ZHANG Shuan-lin
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (4): 1074-1084.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62752-8
摘要135)      PDF    收藏
This study evaluated the effects of palm fat powder (PFP) and coated folic acid (CFA) on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility, microbial enzyme activity, microflora, hepatic lipid content and gene expression in dairy bulls.  Forty-eight Chinese Holstein bulls ((362±12.4) days of age and (483±27.1) kg of body weight (BW)) were assigned to four groups in a completely randomized design with a 2×2 factorial arrangements.  Supplemental PFP (0 or 30 g PFP kg–1 dietary dry matter (DM)) and CFA (0 or 120 mg FA d–1 as CFA) were mixed into the top one-third of a total mixed ration.  The study included a 20-day adaptation period and followed by a 90-day collection period.  The lower (P<0.01) feed conversion ratio with PFP or CFA addition resulted from the constant DM intake and the higher (P<0.05) average daily gain.  The higher (P<0.05) ruminal pH, ether extract digestibility, microbial α-amylase activity, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens copy, and expression of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 (CPT1), and lower ruminal total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration, acetate to propionate ratio, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibility, copies of total protozoa and Ruminococcus flavefaciens, and expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP1) and acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase α (ACACA) were observed for PFP addition.  Supplementation with CFA increased (P<0.05) ruminal total VFA concentration, acetate to propionate ratio, digestibility of DM, organic matter, crude protein and NDF, activity of cellobiase, pectinase and α-amylase, copies of selected microbial except for total protozoa, as well as expression of PPARα, but decreased (P<0.05) ruminal pH, and expression of SREBP1 and ACACA.  The PFP×CFA interaction (P<0.05) was observed for ammonia N, hepatic TG content, and mRNA expression of CPT1 and FAS.  There had no significant difference in hepatic TG content when CFA was supplemented in the diet without PFP addition, the lower (P=0.001) hepatic TG content was observed when CFA was supplemented in the diet with PFP addition.  The higher (P<0.05) mRNA expression of CPT1, and the lower (P<0.05) mRNA expression of FAS and ammonia N concentration were observed when CFA was supplemented in diet either without or with PFP addition.  The results indicated that supplementation of CFA in PFP diet was more effective on increasing hepatic CPT1 expression, and decreasing ammonia N, hepatic TG content and FAS expression than in diet without PFP.  Supplementation with PFP or CFA improved growth performance of dairy bulls by promoting nutrient utilization, microbial enzyme activity, microflora, and hepatic gene expression.
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18. Heterologous expression of the ThIPK2 gene enhances drought resistance of common wheat
ZHANG Shu-juan, LI Yu-lian, SONG Guo-qi, GAO Jie, ZHANG Rong-zhi, LI Wei, CHEN Ming-li, LI Gen-ying
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (4): 941-952.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62714-0
摘要129)      PDF    收藏
ThIPK2 is an inositol polyphosphate kinase gene cloned from Thellungiella halophila that participates in diverse cellular processes.  Drought is a major limiting factor in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production.  The present study investigated whether the application of the ThIPK2 gene could increase the drought resistance of transgenic wheat.  The codon-optimized ThIPK2 gene was transferred into common wheat through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation driven by either a constitutive maize ubiquitin promoter or a stress-inducible rd29A promoter from Arabidopsis.  Molecular characterization confirmed the presence of the foreign gene in the transformed plants.  The transgenic expression of ThIPK2 in wheat led to significantly improve drought tolerance compared to that observed in control plants.  Compared to the wild type (WT) plants, the transgenic plants showed higher seed germination rates, better developed root systems, a higher relative water content (RWC) and total soluble sugar content, and less cell membrane damage under drought stress conditions.  The expression profiles showed different expression patterns with the use of different promoters.  The codon-optimized ThIPK2 gene is a candidate gene to enhance wheat drought stress tolerance by genetic engineering.
 
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19.
Change of soil productivity in three different soils after long-term field fertilization treatments
LIU Kai-lou, HAN Tian-fu, HUANG Jing, ZHANG Shui-qing, GAO Hong-jun, ZHANG Lu, Asad SHAH, HUANG Shao-min, ZHU Ping, GAO Su-duan, MA Chang-bao, XUE Yan-dong, ZHANG Hui-min
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (3): 848-858.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62742-5
摘要116)      PDF    收藏
Soil productivity (SP) without external fertilization influence is an important indicator for the capacity of a soil to support crop yield. However, there have been difficulties in estimating values of SPs for soils after various long-term field treatments because the treatment without external fertilization is used but is depleted in soil nutrients, leading to erroneous estimation. The objectives of this study were to estimate the change of SP across different cropping seasons using pot experiments, and to evaluate the steady SP value (which is defined by the basal contribution of soil itself to crop yield) after various longterm fertilization treatments in soils at different geographical locations. The pot experiments were conducted in Jinxian of Jiangxi Province with paddy soil, Zhengzhou of Henan Province with fluvo-aquic soil, and Gongzhuling of Jilin Province with black soils, China. Soils were collected after long-term field fertilization treatments of no fertilizer (control; CK-F), chemical fertilizer (NPK-F), and combined chemical fertilizer with manure (NPKM-F). The soils received either no fertilizer (F0) or chemical fertilizer (F1) for 3–6 cropping seasons in pots, which include CK-P (control; no fertilizer from long-term field experiments for pot experiments), NPK-P (chemical fertilizer from long-term field experiments for pot experiments), and NPKM-P (combined chemical and organic fertilizers from long-term field experiments for pot experiments). The yield data were used to calculate SP values. The initial SP values were high, but decreased rapidly until a relatively steady SP was achieved at or after about three cropping seasons for paddy and fluvo-aquic soils. The steady SP values in the third cropping season from CK-P, NPK-P, and NPKM-P treatments were 37.7, 44.1, and 50.0% in the paddy soil, 34.2, 38.1, and 50.0% in the fluvo-aquic soil, with the highest value observed in the NPKM-P treatment for all soils. However, further research is required in the black soils to incorporate more than three cropping seasons. The partial least squares path mode (PLS-PM) showed that total N (nitrogen) and C/N ratio (the ratio of soil organic carbon and total N) had positive effects on the steady SP for all three soils. These findings confirm the significance of the incorporation of manure for attaining high soil productivity. Regulation of the soil C/N ratio was the other main factor for steady SP through fertilization management.
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20.
The effect of lactic acid bacteria inoculums on in vitro rumen fermentation, methane production, ruminal cellulolytic bacteria populations and cellulase activities of corn stover silage
GUO Gang, SHEN Chen, LIU Qiang, ZHANG Shuan-lin, SHAO Tao, WANG Cong, WANG Yong-xin, XU Qing-fang, HUO Wen-jie
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (3): 838-847.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62707-3
摘要138)      PDF    收藏
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculums on fermentation quality and in vitro digestibility of corn stover silage. Corn stover was ensiled without (control) or with Lactobacillus plantarum (LP), Enterococcus faecalis (EF), and Enterococcus mundtii (EM) for 45 days. The fermentation characteristics were assessed, and subsequent in vitro dry matter digestibility (DM-D), neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDF-D), volatile fatty acids (VFA), methane (CH4 ) production, cellulolytic bacteria proportions and their activities per corn stover silage were also determined. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) among the silage pH, lactic acid, crude protein (CP), water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and lignocelluloses contents of different treatments. The relative proportions of Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Fibrobacter succinogenes, carboxymethyl-ocellulose and β-glycosidase activities, DM-D, NDF-D, and VFA production of in vitro incubation was higher (P<0.05) for silages inoculated with LP and EF than those of the control silage. Silage inoculated with LP showed the lowest (P<0.05) CH4 production per unit yield of VFA, which was positively corresponded to the lowest (P<0.05) ratio of acetate to propionate. In summary, the ensiling fermentation quality and subsequent utilization of corn stover silage were efficiently improved by inoculated with L. plantarum.
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21. Response of soil Olsen-P to P budget under different long-term fertilization treatments in a fluvo-aquic soil
ZHANG Wei-wei, ZHAN Xiao-ying, ZHANG Shu-xiang, Khalid Hamdan Mohamed Ibrahima, XU Ming-gang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2019, 18 (3): 667-676.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)62070-2
摘要303)      PDF(pc) (387KB)(188)    收藏

The concentration of soil Olsen-P is rapidly increasing in many parts of China, where P budget (P input minus P output) is the main factor influencing soil Olsen-P.  Understanding the relationship between soil Olsen-P and P budget is useful in estimating soil Olsen-P content and conducting P management strategies.  To address this, a long-term experiment (1991–2011) was performed on a fluvo-aquic soil in Beijing, China, where seven fertilization treatments were used to study the response of soil Olsen-P to P budget.  The results showed that the relationship between the decrease in soil Olsen-P and P deficit could be simulated by a simple linear model.  In treatments without P fertilization (CK, N, and NK), soil Olsen-P decreased by 2.4, 1.9, and 1.4 mg kg–1 for every 100 kg ha–1 of P deficit, respectively.  Under conditions of P addition, the relationship between the increase in soil Olsen-P and P surplus could be divided into two stages.  When P surplus was lower than the range of 729–884 kg ha–1, soil Olsen-P fluctuated over the course of the experimental period with chemical fertilizers (NP and NPK), and increased by 5.0 and 2.0 mg kg–1, respectively, when treated with chemical fertilizers combined with manure (NPKM and 1.5NPKM) for every 100 kg ha–1 of P surplus.  When P surplus was higher than the range of 729–884 kg ha–1, soil Olsen-P increased by 49.0 and 37.0 mg kg–1 in NPKM and 1.5NPKM treatments, respectively, for every 100 kg ha–1 P surplus.  The relationship between the increase in soil Olsen-P and P surplus could be simulated by two-segment linear models.  The cumulative P budget at the turning point was defined as the “storage threshold” of a fluvo-aquic soil in Beijing, and the storage thresholds under NPKM and 1.5NPKM were 729 and 884 kg ha–1 P for more adsorption sites.  According to the critical soil P values (CPVs) and the relationship between soil Olsen-P and P budget, the quantity of P fertilizers for winter wheat could be increased and that of summer maize could be decreased based on the results of treatments in chemical fertilization.  Additionally, when chemical fertilizers are combined with manures (NPKM and 1.5NPKM), it could take approximately 9–11 years for soil Olsen-P to decrease to the critical soil P values of crops grown in the absence of P fertilizer. 

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22. Effects of urea enhanced with different weathered coal-derived humic acid components on maize yield and fate of fertilizer nitrogen
ZHANG Shui-qin, YUAN Liang, LI Wei, LIN Zhi-an, LI Yan-ting, HU Shu-wen, ZHAO Bing-qiang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2019, 18 (3): 656-666.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)61950-1
摘要233)      PDF(pc) (773KB)(225)    收藏
Humic acid (HA) is a readily available and low-cost material that is used to enhance crop production and reduce nitrogen (N) loss.  However, there is little consensus on the efficacy of different HA components.  In the current study, a soil column experiment was conducted using the 15N tracer technique in Dezhou City, Shandong Province, China, to compare the effects of urea with and without the addition of weathered coal-derived HA components on maize yield and the fate of fertilizer-derived N (fertilizer N).  The HA components were incorporated into urea by blending different HA components into molten urea to obtain the three different types of HA-enhanced urea (HAU).  At harvest, the aboveground dry biomass of plants grown with HAU was enhanced by 11.50–21.33% when compared to that of plants grown with U.  More significantly, the grain yields under the HAU treatments were 5.58–18.67% higher than the yield under the urea treatment.  These higher yields were due to an increase in the number of kernels per plant rather than the weight of individual kernels.  The uptake of fertilizer N under the HAU treatments was also higher than that under the urea treatment by 11.49–29.46%, while the unaccounted N loss decreased by 12.37–30.05%.  More fertilizer-derived N was retained in the 0–30 cm soil layer under the HAU treatments than that under the urea treatment, while less N was retained in the 30–90 cm soil layer.  The total residual amount of fertilizer N in the soil column, however, did not differ significantly between the treatments.  Of the three HAU treatments investigated, the one with an HA fraction derived from extraction with pH values ranging from 6 to 7, resulted in the best improvement in all assessment targets.  This is likely due to the abundance of the COO/C–N=O group in this HA component.
 
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23.
Assessment of the contribution percentage of inherent soil productivity of cultivated land in China
WANG Shi-chao, WANG Jin-zhou, ZHAO Ya-wen, REN Yi, XU Ming-gang, ZHANG Shu-xiang, LU Chang-ai
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2019, 18 (11): 2619-2627.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)62152-5
摘要103)      PDF    收藏
The contribution percentage of inherent soil productivity (CPISP) refers to the ratio of crop yields under no-fertilization versus under conventional fertilization with the same field management.  CPISP is a comprehensive measure of soil fertility.  This study used 1 086 on-farm trials (from 1984–2013) and 27 long-term field experiments (from 1979–2013) to quantify changes in CPISP.  Here, we present CPISP3 values, which reflect the CPISP states during the first three years after site establishment, for a series of sites at different locations in China collected in 1984–1990 (the 1980s), 1996–2000 (the 1990s), and 2004–2013 (the 2000s).  The results showed that the average CPISP3 value for three crops (wheat, rice, and maize) was 53.8%.  Historically, the CPISP3 in the 1990s (57.5%) was much higher than those in the 1980s (50.3%), and the 2000s (52.0%) (P≤0.05).  Long-term no-fertilization caused CPISP levels to gradually decline and then stabilize; for example, in a mono-cropping system with irrigation, the CPISP values in Northwest and Northeast China declined by 4.5 and 4.0%, respectively, each year for the first ten years, but subsequently, the CPISP values stabilized.  In contrast, the CPISP for upland crops in double-cropping systems continued to decrease at a rate of 1.1% per year.  The CPISP for upland-paddy cropping decreased very slowly (0.07% per year), whereas the CPISP for paddy cropping decreased sharply (3.1% per year, on average) for the first two years and then remained steady during the following years.  Therefore, upland crops in double-cropping systems consume the most inherent soil productivity, whereas paddy fields are favourable for maintaining a high level of CPISP.  Overall, our results demonstrate a need to further improve China’s CPISP3 values to meet growing productivity demands. 
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24. Closing the nitrogen use efficiency gap and reducing the environmental impact of wheat-maize cropping on smallholder farms in the Guanzhong Plain, Northwest China
LÜ Feng-lian, HOU Miao-miao, ZHANG Hong-tao, Asif Khan, Muhammad Ayaz, QIANGJIU Ciren, HU Chang-lu, YANG Xue-yun, SUN Ben-hua, ZHANG Shu-lan
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2019, 18 (1): 169-178.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)61948-3
摘要300)      PDF    收藏
A high crop yield with the minimum possible cost to the environment is generally desirable.  However, the complicated relationships among crop production, nitrogen (N) use efficiency and environmental impacts must be clearly assessed.  We conducted a series of on-farm N application rate experiments to establish the linkage between crop yield and N2O emissions in the Guanzhong Plain in Northwest China.  We also examined crop yield, partial factor productivity of applied N (PFPN) and reactive N (Nr) losses through a survey of 1 529 and 1 497 smallholder farms that grow wheat and maize, respectively, in the region.  The optimum N rates were 175 and 214 kg ha−1 for winter wheat and summer maize, respectively, thereby achieving the yields of 6 799 and 7 518 kg ha−1, correspondingly, with low N2O emissions based on on-farm N rate experiments.  Among the smallholder farms, the average N application rates were 215 and 294 kg ha−1 season−1, thus producing 6 490 and 6 220 kg ha−1 of wheat and maize, respectively.  The corresponding PFPN values for the two crops were 36.8 and 21.2 kg N kg−1, and the total N2O emissions were 1.50 and 3.88 kg ha−1, respectively.  High N balance, large Nr losses and elevated N2O emissions could be explained by the overdoses of N application and low grain yields under the current farming practice.  The crop yields, N application rates, PFPN and total N2O for wheat and maize were 18 and 24% higher, 42 and 37% less, 75 and 116% higher, and 42 and 47% less, correspondingly, in the high-yield and high-PFPN group than in the average smallholder farms.  In conclusion, closing the PFPN gap between the current average and the value for the high-yield and high-PFPN group would increase crop production and reduce Nr losses or the total N2O emissions for the investigated cropping system in Northwest China.
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25. Influence of drought hardening on the resistance physiology of potato seedlings under drought stress
ZHANG Shu-han, XU Xue-feng, SUN Ye-min, ZHANG Jun-lian, LI Chao-zhou
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (2): 336-347.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61758-1
摘要862)      PDF    收藏
In this paper, the influence of drought hardening on the growth, development, resistance physiology, leaf microstructure and stomatal behavior of potato seedlings under drought stress was studied, and the mechanism of drought hardening improvement of potato seedling drought resistance was elucidated.  We found that drought stress had several adverse effects on potato seedlings, yet drought hardening alleviated the decrease in relative water content (RWC), net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and chlorophyll content and inhibited the increase in relative electric conductivity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content.  Compared with contrast seedlings, drought-hardened seedlings also had enhanced root vigor, increased antioxidant enzyme activity and higher levels of abscisic acid (ABA), proline (Pro), soluble sugars and polyamines (PAs) under drought stress.  In addition, the stomatal density of potato seedling leaves increased significantly, while the leaf area, stomatal size and stomatal aperture decreased with drought hardening treatment.  These changes led to reduced leaf transpiration rate (Tr) and improved water utilization efficiency (WUE).  The changes in leaf microstructure also had a positive effect on the drought resistance of the drought-hardened potato seedlings. So it can be concluded that through increasing the content of some endogenous hormones, osmotic regulatory substances and the activities of antioxidant enzymes, the resistance physiology of drought-hardened potato seedlings was enhanced. 
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26. The biotypes and host shifts of cotton-melon aphids Aphis gossypii in northern China
ZHANG Shuai, LUO Jun-yu, WANG Li, WANG Chun-yi, Lü Li-min, ZHANG Li-juan, ZHU Xiang-zhen, CUI Jin-jie
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (09): 2066-2073.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61817-3
摘要493)      PDF    收藏
Received  6 June, 2017    Accepted  13 October, 2017
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27. Effect of continuous negative pressure water supply on the growth, development and physiological mechanism of Capsicum annuum L.
LI Di, LONG Huai-yu, ZHANG Shu-xiang, WU Xue-ping, SHAO Hong-ying, WANG Peng
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2017, 16 (09): 1978-1899.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61572-1
摘要772)      PDF    收藏
Effects of continuous negative pressure water supply on water consumption, growth and development, as well as physiological mechanism and quality of Capsicum annuum L. were investigated in this paper.  Meanwhile, the optimal negative pressure water supply conditions for growth of C. annuum L. were screened out to achieve the goals of water conservation, high yield and high quality, thus providing theoretical foundation for its field production.  The pot experiment within the greenhouse was utilized; the continuous negative pressure water supply was adopted; the four treatments, artificial watering (CK), –5 kPa (T1), –10 kPa (T2), and –15 kPa (T3) were set; and the daily water consumption, yield, as well as the biomass, nitrate reductase, root activity, vitamin C, capsaicin, and nutrient uptakes of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) during various stages of its growth were determined.  Compared with CK, when the water supply pressure was controlled at –5 to –15 kPa in the experiment, the total water consumption of C. annuum L. reduced by 53.42 to 67.75%, the total water consumption intensity reduced by 54.29 to 67.14%, and the water use efficiency increased by 12.66 to 124.67%.  The N accumulation in a single strain of C. annuum L. from the color turning stage to the red ripe stage increased by 15.99 to 100.55%, respectively, compared with that of CK; the P accumulation increased by 20.47 to 154.00% relative to that of CK, and the K accumulation increased by 64.92 to 144.9% compared with that of CK.  Compared with CK, C. annuum L. yield was remarkably improved by 13.79% at T1, and contents of vitamin C, capsaicin as well as carotenoids at all growth stages were enhanced by 13.42–147.01%, 11.54–71.01%, and 41.1–568.06%, respectively.  Nitrate reductase activity, root activity and chlorophyll (a+b) were markedly increased by 335.78–500%, 79.6–140.68% and 114.95–676.19%, respectively, from immature stage to full ripe stage.  Adopting the continuous negative pressure water supply for C. annuum L. has a significant water-saving effect, and the water supply pressure being stable at –5 kPa contributes to its growth and development, improves yield, enhances root activity, promotes nutrient uptake, and improves its quality, thus achieving the effects of water conservation, high yield, high quality and high efficiency.
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28. Effects of soil salinity on rhizosphere soil microbes in transgenic Bt cotton fields
LUO Jun-yu, ZHANG Shuai, ZHU Xiang-zhen, LU Li-min, WANG Chun-yi, LI Chun-hua, CUI Jin-jie, ZHOU Zhi-guo
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2017, 16 (07): 1624-1633.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61456-9
摘要945)      PDF    收藏
    With increased cultivation of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton in the saline alkaline soil of China, assessments of transgenic crop biosafety have focused on the effects of soil salinity on rhizosphere microbes and Bt protein residues. In 2013 and 2014, investigations were conducted on the rhizosphere microbial biomass, soil enzyme activities and Bt protein contents of the soil under transgenic Bt cotton (variety GK19) and its parental non-transgenic cotton (Simian 3) cultivated at various salinity levels (1.15, 6.00 and 11.46 dS m−1). Under soil salinity stress, trace amounts of Bt proteins were observed in the Bt cotton GK19 rhizosphere soil, although the protein content increased with cotton growth and increased soil salinity levels. The populations of slight halophilic bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, ammonifying bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria decreased with increased soil salinity in the Bt and non-Bt cotton rhizosphere soil, and the microbial biomass carbon, microbial respiration and soil catalase, urease and alkaline phosphatase activity also decreased. Correlation analyses showed that the increased Bt protein content in the Bt cotton rhizosphere soil may have been caused by the slower decomposition of soil microorganisms, which suggests that salinity was the main factor influencing the relevant activities of the soil microorganisms and indicates that Bt proteins had no clear adverse effects on the soil microorganisms. The results of this study may provide a theoretical basis for risk assessments of genetically modified cotton in saline alkaline soil.
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29. The allelic distribution and variation analysis of the NAM-B1 gene in Chinese wheat cultivars
CHEN Xue-yan, SONG Guo-qi, ZHANG Shu-juan, LI Yu-lian, GAO Jie, Islam Shahidul, MA Wu-jun, LI Gen-ying, JI Wan-quan
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2017, 16 (06): 1294-1303.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61459-4
摘要844)      PDF    收藏
The NAM-B1 gene is a member of the NAC (NAM, ATAF, and CUC) transcription factor family and plays an important role in regulating wheat grain protein content (GPC).  The ancestral NAM-B1 allele has been discovered in many tetraploid wild emmer (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides) accessions and few domesticated emmer accessions (T. turgidum ssp. dicoccum), however, it is rarely found in hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).  There are no systematic reports on the distribution of NAM-B1 alleles in Chinese wheat cultivars.  In this study, the NAM-B1 alleles in 218 Chinese cultivars were investigated.  The cultivars were collected from five major wheat regions (12 provinces), covering most of the winter wheat growing regions in China.  The results showed that the NAM-B1 gene is present in 53 (24.3%) cultivars and absent in the remaining 165 (75.7%) cultivars.  Further analysis revealed that in contrast to the wild-type allele, the NAM-B1 gene in Chinese wheat cultivars contained a 1-bp insertion in the coding region.  This caused a frame-shift mutation and introduced a stop codon in the middle of the gene, rendering it non-functional.  Polymorphisms were detected in DNA sequences of 21 cultivars among these 53 cultivars.  However, cDNA sequence analysis suggested that these variations in the exon region were not able to restore NAM-B1 gene (1-bp insertion) function.  Thus, exploring the distribution of NAM-B1 gene variations (1-bp insertion and deletion) can provide some information for improving the quality of winter wheat in China and other countries.
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30. Fast determination of multi-mycotoxins in corn by dispersive solid-phase extraction coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry
WANG Yan, DONG Yan-jie, LI Zeng-mei, DENG Li-gang, GUO Chang-ying, ZHANG Shu-qiu, LI Dapeng, ZHAO Shan-cang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2016, 15 (7): 1656-1666.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(15)61287-4
摘要1836)      PDF    收藏
    A fast analytical method for the simultaneous determination of 9 mycotoxins, including aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, and G2), fumonisins (B1, B2 and B3), zearalenone, and deoxynivalenol in corn using dispersive solid-phase extraction method and ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was developed and validated. Samples were extracted with acetonitrile-water (84:16, v:v, containing 1% acetic acid) using ultrasonic extraction. The extracts were purified with a dispersive SPE method using C18 as a cleaning agent. The final clear extracts were dried by nitrogen blowing and subsequently redissolved in methanol-water (5:5, v:v). The samples were then analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS with 0.1% formic acid in ammonium acetate-methanol as mobile phase. The mean recoveries were ranged from 68.0 to 120.0%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) ranged from 0.18 to 6.29%. Limits of detections ranged from 0.05 to 50 μg kg−1, and limits of quantification ranged from 0.1 to 200 μg kg−1, which were below the legal limits set by the European Union for the legislated mycotoxins. The developed method was applied to 130 corn samples. Among the mycotoxins studied, aflatoxins B1 and fumonisins B1, B2 and B3 were the most predominant mycotoxins, and their concentrations were 0–593.12, 0–2.01×104, 0–6.94×103 and 0–3.05×103 µg kg–1, respectively.
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