Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2023, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (11): 3517-3534.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.09.012

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30年有机物料与化学氮肥配施对土壤团聚体碳氮的影响

  

  • 收稿日期:2023-04-15 接受日期:2023-07-10 出版日期:2023-11-20 发布日期:2023-11-09

Effects of the combined application of organic and chemical nitrogen fertilizer on soil aggregate carbon and nitrogen: A 30-year study

BAI Jin-shun1, 2*, ZHANG Shui-qing3*, HUANG Shao-min3, XU Xin-peng1, 2, ZHAO Shi-cheng1, 2, QIU Shao-jun1, 2#, HE Ping1, 2, ZHOU Wei1, 2   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R.China
    2 Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R.China
    3 Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resource Environment, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, P.R.China 
  • Received:2023-04-15 Accepted:2023-07-10 Online:2023-11-20 Published:2023-11-09
  • About author:BAI Jin-shun, E-mail: baijinshun@caas.cn; ZHANG Shui-qing, E-mail: shqing_zhang@163.com; #Correspondence QIU Shao-jun, Tel/Fax: +86-10-82105029, E-mail: qiusj82105029@126.com * These authors contributed equally to this study.
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program (ASTIP) of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS-CSAL-202302 and GY2023-12-7), the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Non-Profit Scientific Institutions, China (1610132019014) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0200101 and 2018YFD0200804).

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摘要：

为理解长期有机物料与化学氮肥配施对土壤有机碳和全氮的影响，在黄淮海平原开展了长达30年的小麦-玉米轮作田间试验（1990–2019年）。试验包含5个施肥处理：不施肥（control）、单施化肥（NPK）、化肥与秸秆配施（NPKS）、化肥与有机肥配施（NPKM）和1.5倍化肥与有机肥配施（1.5NPKM），NPK、NPKS和NPKM处理氮投入总量相同。测定试验期间作物产量，采集土壤表层(0–10 and 10–20 cm)和下层(20–40 cm)样品，进行土壤团聚体分级并测定团聚体碳氮含量。有机无机配合处理（NPKS, NPKM和1.5NPKM）与NPK处理相比，30年平均作物产量无显著差异，土壤表层和下层有机碳和全氮均显著提高，表层土壤有机碳和全氮分别提高24.1–44.4%和22.8–47.7%，下层土壤有机碳和全氮分别提高22.0–47.9%和19.8–41.8%%。与NPK处理相比，NPKS处理0-10cm土层和NPKM处理20-40cm土层具有显著较高的大团聚体组分质量比例，提高幅度分别为19.8和27.0%；然而，1.5NPKM处理在0-10cm和20-40cm土层的土壤大团聚体组分质量比例较对照显著降低，下降幅度分别为-19.2和-29.1%。分析表明有机无机配合处理较NPK处理有显著较高土壤有机碳和全氮主要与自由态微团聚体和大团聚体中的微团聚体等土壤稳定性组分的碳氮增加有关，稳定性组分对土壤碳氮含量增加的贡献率分别达81.1–91.7%和 83.3–94.0%。不同施肥处理0-40cm土层的土壤稳定性碳库和氮库与处理年平均碳投入量均呈显著正相关，回归系数分别为0.74和0.72（P<0.01），表明土壤氮对碳贮存的重要性。我们研究为长期有机物料与化学氮肥配施措施在保持合理总氮投入下有利于上层和下层土壤碳氮的保蓄提供了证据。

Abstract:

To understand the long-term effects of combined organic and chemical nitrogen fertilization on soil organic C (SOC) and total N (TN), we conducted a 30-year field experiment with a wheat–maize rotation system on the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain during 1990–2019.  The experimental treatments consisted of five fertilizer regimes: no fertilizer (control), chemical fertilizer only (NPK), chemical fertilizer with straw (NPKS), chemical fertilizer with manure (NPKM), and 1.5 times the rate of NPKM (1.5NPKM).  The NPK, NPKS, and NPKM treatments had equal N inputs.  The crop yields were measured over the whole experimental duration.  Soil samples were collected from the topsoil (0–10 and 10–20 cm) and subsoil (20–40 cm) layers for assessing soil aggregates and taking SOC and TN measurements.  Compared with the NPK treatment, the SOC and TN contents increased significantly in both the topsoil (24.1–44.4% for SOC and 22.8–47.7% for TN) and subsoil layers (22.0–47.9% for SOC and 19.8–41.8% for TN) for the organically amended treatments (NPKS, NPKM and 1.5NPKM) after 30 years, while no significant differences were found for the average annual crop yields over the 30 years of the experiment.  The 0–10 cm layer of the NPKS treatment and the 20–40 cm layer of the NPKM treatment had significantly higher macroaggregate fraction mass proportions (19.8 and 27.0%) than the NPK treatment.  However, the 0–10 and 20–40 cm layers of the 1.5NPKM treatment had significantly lower macroaggregate fraction mass proportions (–19.2 and –29.1%) than the control.  The analysis showed that the higher SOC and TN in the soil of organically amended treatments compared to the NPK treatment were related to the increases in SOC and TN protected in the stable fractions (i.e., free microaggregates and microaggregates within macroaggregates), in which the contributions of the stable fractions were 81.1–91.7% of the increase in SOC and 83.3–94.0% of the increase in TN, respectively.  The relationships between average C inputs and both stable SOC and TN stocks were significantly positive with R2 values of 0.74 and 0.72 (P<0.01) for the whole 40 cm soil profile, which indicates the importance of N for soil C storage.  The results of our study provide key evidence that long-term combined organic and chemical nitrogen fertilization, while maintaining reasonable total N inputs, benefited soil C and N storage in both the topsoil and subsoil layers.


Key words: soil aggregate fractions ,  soil organic matter ,  manure application ,  straw return ,  C:N ratio