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1. Carbon sequestration rate, nitrogen use efficiency and rice yield responses to long-term substitution of chemical fertilizer by organic manure in a rice–rice cropping system
Nafiu Garba HAYATU, LIU Yi-ren, HAN Tian-fu, Nano Alemu DABA, ZHANG Lu, SHEN Zhe, LI Ji-wen, Haliru MUAZU, Sobhi Faid LAMLOM, ZHANG Hui-min
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (9): 2848-2864.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.12.006
摘要151)      PDF    收藏

Combined application of chemical fertilizers with organic amendments was recommended as a strategy for improving yield, soil carbon storage, and nutrient use efficiency.  However, how the long-term substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic manure affects rice yield, carbon sequestration rate (CSR), and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) while ensuring environmental safety remains unclear.  This study assessed the long-term effect of substituting chemical fertilizer with organic manure on rice yield, CSR, and NUE.  It also determined the optimum substitution ratio in the acidic soil of southern China.  The treatments were: (i) NPK0, unfertilized control; (ii) NPK1, 100% chemical nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer; (iii) NPKM1, 70% chemical NPK fertilizer and 30% organic manure; (iv) NPKM2, 50% chemical NPK fertilizer and 50% organic manure; and (v) NPKM3, 30% chemical NPK fertilizer and 70% organic manure.  Milk vetch and pig manure were sources of manure for early and late rice seasons, respectively.  The result showed that SOC content was higher in NPKM1, NPKM2, and NPKM3 treatments than in NPK0 and NPK1 treatments.  The carbon sequestration rate increased by 140, 160, and 280% under NPKM1, NPKM2, and NPKM3 treatments, respectively, compared to NPK1 treatment.  Grain yield was 86.1, 93.1, 93.6, and 96.5% higher under NPK1, NPKM1, NPKM2, and NPKM3 treatments, respectively, compared to NPK0 treatment.  The NUE in NPKM1, NPKM2, and NPKM3 treatments was higher as compared to NPK1 treatment for both rice seasons.  Redundancy analysis revealed close positive relationships of CSR with C input, total N, soil C:N ratio, catalase, and humic acids, whereas NUE was closely related to grain yield, grain N content, and phenol oxidase.  Furthermore, CSR and NUE negatively correlated with humin acid and soil C:P and N:P ratios.  The technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) showed that NPKM3 treatment was the optimum strategy for improving CSR and NUE.  Therefore, substituting 70% of chemical fertilizer with organic manure could be the best management option for increasing CSR and NUE in the paddy fields of southern China

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2. 长期有机无机配施提升稻田土壤肥力并增加水稻产量
GAO Peng, ZHANG Tuo, LEI Xing-yu, CUI Xin-wei, LU Yao-xiong, FAN Peng-fei, LONG Shi-ping, HUANG Jing, GAO Ju-sheng, ZHANG Zhen-hua, ZHANG Hui-min
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (7): 2221-2232.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.02.037
摘要249)      PDF    收藏

施肥是提升土壤肥力促进作物增产的有效措施,长期不同施肥对土壤培肥的效果差别很大,依托中国农科院红壤实验站双季稻田连续38年不同施肥定位试验,研究了7种不同施肥处理CK(不施肥);NPK(化学氮、磷、钾肥料);M(腐熟牛粪);NPKM(化学氮、磷、钾和牛粪);NPM(化学氮、磷和牛粪);NKM(化学氮、钾和牛粪);PKM(化学磷、钾和牛粪)对水稻产量、稻田土壤肥力与养分表观平衡的影响。结果表明,各处理水稻年均产量由高到低为NPKMNPMNKMPKMMNPKCK,范围在6214-11562 kg hm2长期有机无机配施处理(NPKMNPMNKMPKMNPK的增产率分别为:22.58%15.35%10.53%4.41%长期有机无机配施处理(NPKMNPMNKMPKM)的土壤有机碳、全氮、有效氮、速效钾含量均显著高于CKNPK,其中有机肥配施氮磷肥处理的NPKMNPMPKM土壤全磷和有效磷含量显著高于CKNPKNPKM处理的水稻年均产量11562 kg hm2、有机碳20.88 g kg-1)、土壤全氮2.30 g kg-1)、全磷0.95 g kg-1)、全钾22.5 g kg-1)、有效磷含量38.94 mg kg-1)均为各处理中最高,NKM处理土壤碱解氮含量(152.4mg kg-1)和速效钾含量(151.00 mg kg-1)为各处理最高。氮、磷施用量的增加导致土壤中氮、磷养分出现盈余,但NPKM处理相比其他处理能够有效降低盈余量;各处理土壤中钾素均表现为亏缺。相关性分析表明土壤SOCTNANTPAP含量均与水稻产量显著相关(P<0.05),相关系数分别为0.4280.4960.5180.5010.438。本研究表明,相比单施化肥,长期有机肥配施化肥通过提升土壤肥力,促进土壤养分平衡,显著增加水稻产量,其中有机肥配施氮磷钾肥(NPKM)对于土壤肥力和水稻产量的提升效果最好。

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3. 高效氯氟氰菊酯微囊的光敏性和粒径精准组合协同作用产生了更好的杀虫效果
GAO Yue, LUO Jian, SUN Yue, ZHANG Hua-wei, ZHANG Da-xia, LIU Feng, MU Wei, LI Bei-xing
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (5): 1477-1488.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.081
摘要192)      PDF    收藏

本研究制备了不同粒径的聚脲高效氯氟氰菊酯微囊均有一定程度的塌陷,小粒径微囊塌陷更明显。它们的平均粒径分别为1.38 μm ( MC-S )5.13μm ( MC-M )10.05 μm ( MC-L ),囊壳厚度分别为39.650.3150.1 nm。小粒径微囊具有更快的释放性能;与MC-MMC-L相比,MC-S组对小地老虎的生物活性更高,对花生叶片的亲和力更好(由耐雨水冲刷可知);微囊均表现出随光照增强释放加快的趋势;与EC组相比,微囊降解都较慢,其中MC-L降解最慢。为了获得既具有速效性又具有持效期的微囊,将MC-S、MC-MMC-L2:11:11:2的比例两两混合花生叶面喷雾场景下,9个供试微囊组合中MC-S:MC-L1:2混合药效最好,持效期比乳油延长3倍。因此,不同粒径微囊精准组合可以调控农药的防治效果,为更好地利用农药提供策略。

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4. 黄瓜顶端分生和花芽组织的碳蜡原位杂交体系的优化
WANG Cui, SUN Jin-jing, YANG Xue-yong, WAN Li, ZHANG Zhong-hua, ZHANG Hui-min
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (2): 464-470.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.038
摘要176)      PDF    收藏

黄瓜是研究花发育的重要模式作物,控制花发育相关的基因通常具有特异的时空表达模式,原位杂交技术(ISH)被广泛应用在分析黄瓜茎端分生组织(SAM)和花芽组织FM的基因时空表达模式上。原位杂交的常用方法是石蜡原位杂交,然而石蜡原位杂交中组织包埋周期长,RNA容易降解,导致信号减弱。本研究基于石蜡原位杂交进行了优化建立了碳蜡原位杂交方法,具有操作简便,灵敏度高的优点。该方法一是使用低熔点的碳蜡,RNA保存好;二是结合了整体原位杂交的方法,在溶液中处理组织切片,解决了碳蜡不易粘片的问题。在文章中,利用碳蜡原位杂交方法,我们在黄瓜的茎端分生组织(SAM)和花芽组织FM)中检测了CLV3WUS1基因的表达模式,实验结果与前期研究结果一致,而且该方法比石蜡原位杂交周期缩短4-5天,信号强。同样地,该方法也成功用于拟南芥中CLV3WUS1的表达模式分析表明碳蜡原位杂交方法在大多数物种中具有普遍适用性。

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5. 基于SSR标记的甘薯遗传多样性和群体结构分析
LIU Cheng, ZHAO Ning, JIANG Zhi-cheng, ZHANG Huan, ZHAI Hong, HE Shao-zhen, GAO Shao-pei, LIU Qing-chang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (11): 3408-3415.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.02.004
摘要196)      PDF    收藏

甘薯是世界上重要的粮食作物。大规模评价甘薯种质资源的遗传多样性,对明确甘薯种质资源间的遗传关系、有效利用这些种质资源对甘薯进行遗传改良是非常重要的。本研究使用30对多态性好的SSR引物,分析了617份甘薯种质资源的遗传多样性。这些甘薯种质资源包括中国的376个地方品种和162个育成品种以及来自其他11个国家的79个引进品种。根据群体结构分析这些甘薯种质资源分为3个群,即:群体1、群体2、群体3,它们分别含有228份、136份和253份种质资源。通过聚类分析和主成分分析(PCoA)也获得了一致的结果。在这3个群中,群体2显示出最高的遗传多样性水平,该群主要分布在低纬度地区。中国南方的甘薯种质资源具有最高的遗传多样性水平,这一结果支持甘薯最早由福建和广东传入中国的假说。分子方差分析(AMOVA)结果显示,不同群间存在显著的遗传分化,但是不同来源地和不同种质类型之间的遗传分化水平较低。这些结果为在甘薯育种中更好地利用这些种质资源提供了有价值的信息。

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6. ACS11一个新突变类型导致黄瓜只开雄花
WANG Jie, LI Shuai, CHEN Chen, ZHANG Qi-qi, ZHANG Hui-min, CUI Qing-zhi, CAI Guang-hua, ZHANG Xiao-peng, CHAI Sen, WAN Li, YANG Xue-yong, ZHANG Zhong-hua, HUANG San-wen, CHEN Hui-ming, SUN Jin-jing
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (11): 3312-3320.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.03.003
摘要199)      PDF    收藏

植物的单性花可以有效促进异交,研究单性花的形成和调控机制对于理解植物性别决定过程有重要意义,也为研究者和农业生产者利用杂种优势提供便利。在黄瓜杂交制种过程中,只开花的株系种植于只开雄花的株系周围,可以显著降低制种成本。筛选更多不同基因背景的只开雄花的材料,将增加可用于育种的种质资源。我基于前期构建的EMS诱变自交系材料406”的突变体库,发现了一个新的只开雄花的突变体遗传分析、全基因组重测序和分子标记辅助验证表明,ACS11基因上发生异义突变301位丝氨酸(Ser)变为苯丙氨酸(Phe)导致全雄株的产生。体外酶活性测定表明,此突变导致酶活性完全丧失。本研究为黄瓜雄性亲本选育提供了新的种质资源,并为 ACS 酶的催化机理提供了新的认识。

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7. JIA-2022-0130 长期施用秸秆促进设施蔬菜土壤磷转化为中等活性磷、减少磷向下迁移和淋失
ZHANG Yin-Jie, GAO Wei, LUAN Hao-an, TANG Ji-wei, LI Ruo-nan, LI Ming-Yue, ZHANG Huai-zhi, HUANG Shao-wen
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (9): 2734-2749.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.07.028
摘要213)      PDF    收藏

本研究将XANES技术与化学连续浸提法相结合,探究土壤磷的形态和转化。10年的定位试验包括4个处理:100%化肥处理(4CN)、50%猪粪(2CN+2MN)、50%秸秆(2CN+2SN)、50%猪粪配合秸秆替代化肥处理(2CN+2MSN)。与单施化肥相比,有机替代施肥处理提高0−40 cm土层的活性磷含量,增幅为13.7-54.2%,主要组分是MgHPO4·3H2O和CaHPO4。有机替代施肥处理降低稳定性磷含量,羟基磷灰石(Ca5(PO4)3OH)是主要组分,其比例随着土壤深度的增加呈增加的趋势。秸秆施用(2CN+2SN和2CN+2MSN处理)提高中等活性磷含量,降低底土(60−100 cm)活性磷的含量。此外,施用秸秆显著降低总磷、可溶性无机磷(DIP)和颗粒磷的淋失量和浓度。可溶性无机磷是磷淋溶流失的主要形态,其与可溶性有机碳和NO3--N存在共迁移现象。偏最小二乘路径模型表明,施用秸秆通过增加中等活性磷和降低底土中的活性磷来减少磷的浸出。总体而言,施用秸秆有利于制定可持续的磷管理措施,因为其增加了上层土壤中的活性磷可供植物吸收利用,并减少磷的迁移和淋失


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8. JIA-2021-1788 以本氏烟草为寄主的香蕉穿孔线虫致病性测定体系研究
YANG Si-hua, ZHAO Li-rong, DING Sha, TANG Shi-qiao, CHEN Chun, ZHANG Huan-xin, XU Chun-ling, XIE Hui
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (9): 2652-2664.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.07.021
摘要152)      PDF    收藏

本研究通过室内试管石英砂培养的方法,测试香蕉穿孔线虫对本氏烟草的侵染致病过程和规律,明确了香蕉穿孔线虫侵染本氏烟草根系主要在根系皮层寄生,导致皮层细胞分解、组织腐烂。通过采用不同致病型和不同寄主来源的香蕉穿孔线虫群体对本氏烟草侵染致病的接种条件进行测定,以及对发病植株的症状表现、受害严重度和线虫繁殖率等致病性相关因子的评估,确定了香蕉穿孔线虫与本氏烟草互作研究的最佳测试条件和结果评估标准,从而建立了本氏烟草作为寄主的香蕉穿孔线虫致病性测定方法:(1)在玻璃培养试管中装入约占高度1/3 干燥的石英砂并灭菌两次;(2)将20天苗龄的本氏烟草幼苗移栽到试管中,在25±1℃条件下培养定植10 天;(3)以150条/株的接种虫量将香蕉穿孔线虫的雌虫接种到烟草根际;(4)在接种线虫30天后检测植株发病严重度、生长量和线虫繁殖量。本研究还采用该方法对致病型和寄主来源不同的8个香蕉穿孔线虫种群的致病性强弱进行了测定,证明了该方法的可行性。本研究结果为将本氏烟草作为香蕉穿孔线虫与植物互作研究的模式植物提供了依据和方法,为香蕉穿孔线虫致病性及其与寄主互作分子机制研究提供了新途径,对利用本氏烟草作为模式寄主研究香蕉穿孔线虫的致病机制和防治方法具有重要意义。


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9. JIA-2021-0269 IbGGPS基因显著提高转基因甘薯的类胡萝卜素含量
LI Rui-jie, ZHAI Hong, HE Shao-zhen, ZHANG Huan, ZHAO Ning, LIU Qing-chang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (9): 2538-2546.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.07.029
摘要234)      PDF    收藏

牻牛儿基牻牛儿基焦磷酸合酶(GGPS)在类胡萝卜素的生物合成中起着重要作用。在之前的研究中,我们从一个高类胡萝卜素含量的甘薯品系农大辐14中克隆得到IbGGPS基因, 但其在甘薯类胡萝卜素生物合成中的作用及其调控机制尚未研究。在本研究中,我们将IbGGPS基因导入甘薯品种栗子香中,发现该基因显著增加转基因甘薯块根中的β-胡萝卜素、β-隐黄质、玉米黄质和叶黄素含量。进一步研究表明,IbGGPS基因的过表达使糖酵解途径、MEP途径和类胡萝卜素途径相关基因的表达系统上调,从而增加了转基因植株的类胡萝卜素含量。这些结果表明,IbGGPS基因具有提高甘薯和其他植物类胡萝卜素含量的利用价值


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10. JIA-2020-2530 基于关联和连锁分析发掘大豆磷高效利用遗传位点和基因
ZHANG Hua, WU Hai-yan, TIAN Rui, KONG You-bin, CHU Jia-hao, XING Xin-zhu, DU Hui, JIN Yuan, LI Xi-huan, ZHANG Cai-ying
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (9): 2521-2537.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.07.005
摘要283)      PDF    收藏

本研究利用自然群体(281份资源)和重组自交系群体(270份家系),在不同磷素处理条件下分别评价其T1(四叶期,苗期)和T2(六叶期,花期)两个需磷关键时期11个磷素利用相关性状。结果发现,200个SNPs与磷素利用相关性状显著关联,其中包括91个T1期SNPs和109个T2期SNPs;这些SNPs中,12号染色体关联SNP簇(s715611375、ss715611377、ss715611379、ss715611380)在低磷处理条件下与T1期的株高显著关联,其优势单倍型株高显著优于其它单倍型;10号染色体SNP簇(ss715606501、ss715606506、s715606543)在低磷处理下与T2期根冠比、根系干重和总干重显著关联,其优势单倍型相关性状亦显著优于其它单倍型。进一步分析发现,4个SNPs(ss715597964、ss715607012、ss715622173和ss715602331)在低磷条件下与T1和T2期相关性状共关联;同时发现,12个重组自交系群体连锁QTLs与关联位点一致。基于此,筛选出14个在低磷胁迫下差异表达候选基因,其中包括MYB转录因子、紫色酸性磷酸酶、糖转运蛋白和热激蛋白家族基因等。上述遗传位点与候选基因为大豆磷素利用效率遗传改良提供了选择标记及基因


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11. Interaction of soil microbial communities and phosphorus fractions under long-term fertilization in paddy soil 
Muhammad QASWAR, Waqas AHMED, HUANG Jing, LIU Kai-lou, ZHANG Lu, HAN Tian-fu, DU Jiang-xue, Sehrish ALI, Hafeez UR-RAHIM, HUANG Qing-hai, ZHANG Hui-min
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (7): 2134-2144.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63733-4
摘要132)      PDF    收藏
Understanding the impact of biological activities on the soil phosphorus (P) distribution under long-term fertilizer application can facilitate better soil P fertility management.  Therefore, the primary objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of long-term (since 1981) fertilizer application on the soil P fractions and microbial community and to evaluate correlations between the microbial community structure and P distribution.  The following treatments were implemented in a long-term field trial: no fertilization (CK), inorganic N and K (NK), inorganic P and K (PK), inorganic N, P and K (NPK) and manure+NPK (MNPK) fertilization.  The study showed that the soil pH, soil organic carbon and total and available N and P concentrations were considerably higher in the MNPK treatment than in the CK treatment.  The soil microbial biomass C, N and P concentrations were also significantly higher in the MNPK treatment than in the CK treatment.  Among fertilization treatments, the β-1,4-glucosidase, α-1,4-glucosidase, urease, acid phosphatase and phosphodiesterase activities were the highest in the MNPK treatment.  Compared to inorganic fertilization, the MNPK treatment increased the labile soil P fractions and decreased the residual soil P concentration.  Continuous fertilization significantly affected the soil microbial composition.  The total phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) concentrations in the NK, PK, NPK and MNPK treatments were 23.3, 43.1, 48.7 and 87.7% higher, respectively, than in the CK treatment.  A significant correlation was observed between the microbial community and soil P fractions.  Moreover, the aggregated boosted tree (ABT) model showed that among the various soil biochemical properties, the total PLFA concentration was the factor that most influenced the active P pool, accounting for 35.4% of the relative influence of all soil biochemical properties examined.  These findings reveal that combined manure and inorganic fertilizer application is a better approach than applying inorganic fertilizer alone for sustaining long-term P fertility by mediating soil biological activity.


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12. JIA-2021-0382 十年的有机替代施肥模式对设施蔬菜土壤磷库、磷酸酶活性和微生物群落的影响
ZHANG Yin-Jie, GAO Wei, LUAN Hao-an, TAND Ji-wei, LI Ruo-nan, LI Ming-Yue, ZHANG Huai-zhi, HUANG Shao-wen
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (7): 2119-2133.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63715-2
摘要224)      PDF    收藏

本研究基于10年(2009-2019)的定位试验,探究有机肥/秸秆替代化肥模式对土壤磷库、磷酸酶和微生物活性的影响,并明确调节土壤磷转化特征的因素。4个施肥处理包括:100%化肥(4CN),50%的猪粪(2CN+2MN)、秸秆(2CN+2SN)、猪粪配合秸秆替代化肥(2CN+1MN+1SN)。有机替代处理显著提高芹菜和番茄的产量,较单施化肥处理分别提高6.9-13.8%和8.6-18.1%,其中,2CN+1MN+1SN处理的产量最高。有机肥/秸秆替代化肥模式持续10年后,与4CN处理相比,有机替代处理减少总磷和无机磷的累积;显著提高土壤速效磷、有机磷和微生物量磷;促进酸性和碱性磷酸单酯酶、磷酸二酯酶、植酸酶和微生物的活性。此外,偏最小二乘路径模型(PLS-PM)分析表明,土壤的C/P比显著并直接影响磷酸酶活性和微生物群落结构,进而对蔬菜产量和土壤磷库产生积极的影响。偏最小二乘(PLS)回归表明,丛枝菌根真菌对磷酸酶活性有积极影响。该研究结果表明,有机肥部分替代化肥施肥模式能够提高微生物活性,促进土壤磷的转化和有效性。综合考虑土壤磷库,微生物活动和蔬菜产量,猪粪与秸秆配合施用对于开发可持续的磷管理措施更为有效


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13. JIA-2020-2030 GhMAX2基因调控棉花生长和纤维发育
HE Peng, ZHANG Hui-zhi, ZHANG Li, JIANG Bin, XIAO Guang-hui, YU Jia-ning
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (6): 1563-1575.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63603-1
摘要284)      PDF    收藏

本研究鉴定出棉花SLs信号传导途径基因GhMAX2,研究了其在陆地棉生长和株型形成中的作用。生物信息学分析表明GhMAX2蛋白主要由一个α-螺旋和一个无规卷曲组成,含有大量富含亮氨酸的重复序列。GhMAX2基因在根、茎、花和20天的纤维中高表达,GhMAX2启动子驱动的GUS在拟南芥根、主花序、花和角果中表达。亚细胞定位结果显示GhMAX2定位于细胞核。在拟南芥max2-1突变体中异源表达GhMAX2,可以回复至野生型的表型,表明MAX2的功能在陆地棉和拟南芥之间高度保守。此外,棉花中GhMAX2基因的敲低表达可导致植株高度降低,生长缓慢,节间缩短,纤维变短。上述结果表明,GhMAX2可能在棉花的生长、株型形成以及纤维伸长中发挥重要功能。综上,本研究主要揭示了GhMAX2介导的SL/KAR信号在棉花中的功能,为今后棉花新品种培育提供了理论依据。


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14. Transcriptome and phytochemical analyses reveal roles of characteristic metabolites in the taste formation of white tea during withering process
ZHOU Cheng-zhe, ZHU Chen, LI Xiao-zhen, CHEN Lan, XIE Si-yi, CHEN Guang-wu, ZHANG Huan, LAI Zhong-xiong, LIN Yu-ling, GUO Yu-qiong
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (3): 862-877.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63785-1
摘要271)      PDF    收藏

萎凋是赋予白茶醇和、鲜爽及甘甜滋味的一道不可或缺的加工工序。本文旨在明确白茶萎凋过程中主要代谢物的变化规律,并阐明调控白茶特有风味形成的关键差异表达基因(DEGs)。生化成分分析结果表明,萎凋过程中,总儿茶素和淀粉含量持续下降,而茶黄素、γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)、麦芽糖和可溶性糖的含量显著增加。同时,α-淀粉酶(AMY)、β-淀粉酶(BAM)、总淀粉酶和谷氨酸脱羧酶(GAD)活性的升高可能与GABA和麦芽糖的积累有关。转录组测序结果表明与0 h样品(鲜叶)相比,萎凋12 h、24 h、36 h和48 h分别检测到9707、15921、17353和17538个DEGs。儿茶素生物合成相关基因的转录水平显著降低,而儿茶素氧化相关基因的转录水平显著升高,可能与儿茶素含量降低而茶黄素含量增加有关。参与GABA生物合成的DEGs显着上调,SPMS的下调可以减少将亚精胺转化为GABA的竞争。AMY和BAM基因的上调可引发淀粉降解,进而导致可溶性糖含量增加。研究结果为进一步了解萎凋工序对白茶特征风味形成的重要性提供了新的见解。


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15. Dynamics of organic carbon and nitrogen in deep soil profile and crop yields under long-term fertilization in wheat-maize cropping system
Muhammad QASWAR, LI Dong-chu, HUANG Jing, HAN Tian-fu, Waqas AHMED, Sehrish ALI, Muhammad Numan KHAN, Zulqarnain Haider KHAN, XU Yong-mei, LI Qian, ZHANG Hui-min, WANG Bo-ren, Ahmad TAUQEER
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (3): 826-839.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63501-8
摘要127)      PDF    收藏
 

该研究系统阐述了长期不同施肥对土壤剖面SOC和N库的影响,通过冗余分析了SOC团聚体组分及影响因素,三维表面分析深入理解剖面SOC和N库对作物产量的影响。与化肥处理相比,长期施用有机肥通过增加表土层 (0–20 cm)SOC输入、SOC储量、TN储量和土壤pH值来提高作物产量。不同施肥处理的SOC团聚体组分存在差异,所有处理SOC团聚体组分高低依次为矿物结合有机碳(mSOC)>粗自由颗粒有机碳(cfPOC)>物理保护有机碳(iPOC)>细自由颗粒有机碳(ffPOC)。施用有机肥处理的所有SOC组分含量均显著高于化肥处理。在不同SOC团聚体组分中,ffPOC对不同施肥处理的敏感性最高。单施有机肥(M)和有机无机肥配施(NPKM)显著提高了表层(0-20 cm)SOC和TN含量,与化肥处理相比,M和NPKM处理降低了深层土壤(80-100 cm)中的SOC和N含量,有利于减少养分垂直流动,从而减少养分的淋溶损失。


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16. JIA-2022-0288
MA Ji-liang, LI Fan, ZHANG Hui-jie, Khan NAWAB
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (11): 3395-3407.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.09.006
摘要300)      PDF    收藏

促进农户经济作物种植能否显著的增加其家庭福利一直是粮食政策的焦点。本研究首先探讨了农户商业化种植食用豆行为的影响因素,并进一步分析食用豆商业化生产如何改善了农户的经济福利。本文使用了2018年至2019年期间收集的848户农户家庭数据集,通过应用Heckman两步法估计了农户家庭商业化食用豆生产的影响因素,并采用内生处理回归(ETR)方法检验了商业化食用豆种植对农户家庭经济福利的影响。结果表明,食用豆市场价格(农户销售价格)、农业技术服务、农户获得贷款途径,以及政府补贴等因素显著的促进了农户商业化的食用豆生产,而生产成本增加和对气候变化风险的认知限制了食用豆农户商业化生产。总体而言,商业化的食用豆生产显著的增加了农户家庭农业收入,但对农户家庭非农收入的影响有限。这一研究结果进一步表明,通过促进农户家庭进行商业化的经济作物生产,并降低农户农产品市场准入的政策可以显著提高经济作物(比如食用豆)农民家庭的经济福利。

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17. 基于iTRAQ的水稻纹枯病菌侵染响应蛋白鉴定与分析
FENG Zhi-ming, GAO Peng, ZHAO Jian-hua, WANG Guang-da, ZHANG Hui-min, CAO Wen-lei, XUE Xiang, ZHANG Ya-fang, Ma Yu-yin, Hua Rong, CHEN Zong-xiang, CHEN Xi-jun, HU Ke-ming, ZUO Shi-min
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (1): 139-152.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63499-2
摘要180)      PDF    收藏

死体营养型病原菌立枯丝核菌是造成各种作物产量损失的破坏性真菌之一。在水稻上,该病原可侵染水稻叶鞘叶片引起纹枯病的发生,造成严重的产量损失和品质下降。目前,人们对植物如何应对该病原菌入侵的防御机制还知之甚少为了探索水稻响应纹枯病菌侵染的分子机制,本研究纹枯病水稻品种YSBR1为材料,采用蛋白质组学同位素相对标记与绝对定量技术(iTRAQ),筛选和分析纹枯病菌侵染前后的差异积累蛋白differentially accumulated proteins, DAPs)通过比较分析,总计鉴定到319DAPs,其中161个上调积累、158个下调积累。GO和KEGG功能富集分析结果显示,这些DAPs涵盖了多种功能途径,其中部分位于细胞氧化还原稳态糖酵解过程、三羧酸循环、苯丙烷生物合成、光合作用、叶绿素生物合成过程病程相关蛋白这七个信号途径。进一步采用荧光定量PCR方法,对从7个信号途径中各随机选择的2DAPs基因进行转录水平验证,结果不仅证实本研究中筛选到的DAPs具有较高的可靠性,而且进一步证明这些途径确实参与水稻对纹枯病菌的侵染响应。结合这7个信号途径中的相关基因或蛋白的功能信息,认为其在水稻抵御纹枯菌侵染过程中具有重要作用另外,我们发现所有参与光合作用和叶绿素生物合成途径的DAPs及部分参与苯丙烷生物合成途径的DAPs在受到纹枯病菌侵染后均显著下调积累暗示纹枯病菌侵染时可能优先攻击水稻的光合系统加速细胞死亡,进而通过抑制水稻体内苯丙烷的生物合成等信号削弱寄主防御反应,帮助其快速侵染扩展研究结果为进一步解析水稻-纹枯病菌间的互作机制提供更多有价值的数据信息和新的视角

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18. Susceptibility breakpoint for cefquinome against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus from pigs
ZHANG Hui-lin, ZHAO Yi-yang, ZHOU Zi-chong, DING Huan-zhong
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (7): 1921-1932.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63572-9
摘要100)      PDF    收藏

头孢喹肟是动物专用的第四代头孢菌素类药物,对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均有较好的作用效果。本研究旨在建立头孢喹肟对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的野生型折点(wild-type cut-off, COWT)和药动/药效学折点(pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic, COPD),以期为临床细菌耐药性监测提供数据指导。采用微量肉汤稀释法测定2014至2018年期间广东省分离的210株猪源大肠杆菌和160株猪源金黄色葡萄球菌对头孢喹肟的最低抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC),结果表明头孢喹肟对大肠杆菌的MIC50(能抑制50%细菌生长的最低药物浓度和MIC90(能抑制90%细菌生长的最低药物浓度)分别是0.06 μg mL-1和0.25 μg mL-1;对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC50和MIC90分别是0.5 μg mL-1 和1 μg mL-1。统计学分析方法和ECOFFinder程序计算结果表明头孢喹肟对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的野生型折点分别为0.125 μg mL-1和2 μg mL-1。大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌对头孢喹肟的耐药率分别为11.9%和6.25%。基于5000次循环的蒙特卡洛计算结果显示在临床推荐给药剂量下(2 mg kg-1,每天给药2次,连续给药3天),头孢喹肟对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的药动/药效学折点值均为0.25 µg mL-1,表明在当前推荐剂量下可对MIC ≤ 0.25 μg mL-1的大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌实现90%以上的有效治疗。当前的给药方案对金黄色葡萄球菌引起的感染不能取得理想的治疗效果,将头孢喹肟给药剂量调整为4.5 mg kg-1时,能对MIC90 = 1 μg mL-1的金黄色葡萄球菌引起的感染实现90%以上的有效治疗。本研究对于临床上头孢喹肟对猪源大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药性监测和用药指导有重要意义。


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19. Do cooperatives participation and technology adoption improve farmers’ welfare in China?  A joint analysis accounting for selection bias
YANG Dan, ZHANG Hui-wei, LIU Zi-min, ZENG Qiao
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (6): 1716-1726.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63325-1
摘要233)      PDF    收藏

本文考察了中国农户参与合作社和农业技术采纳行为对其经济福利的影响。基于中国15个省份396个农户的微观调查数据,采用双选择模型(DSM)修正由可观测和不可观测因素引起的样本选择偏差,并采用倾向评分匹配(PSM)方法进行反事实分析,以计算农业收入差异。研究结果表明,相比不参与农民合作社、不采纳农业技术而言,农户参与农民合作社、采纳农业技术的农业收入分别增加2.77%和2.35%。有趣的是,与高收入农户相比,低收入农户参与农民合作社、采纳农业技术的农业收入分别高出5.45%和4.51%,且影响更为显著。这表明农民合作社和农业技术能够提升农户经济福利。在此基础上,本文进一步提出了相应的政策建议


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20. Evaluation of a povidone-iodine and chitosan-based barrier teat dip in the prevention of mastitis in dairy cows
ZHANG Hui-min, JIANG Hong-rui, CHEN Dai-jie, SHEN Zi-liang, MAO Yong-jiang, LIANG Yu-sheng, Juan J. LOOR, YANG Zhang-ping
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (6): 1615-1625.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63418-9
摘要139)      PDF    收藏

后药浴剂是预防奶牛乳腺炎的有效手段之一,本研究旨在探究一种基于聚维酮碘-壳聚糖的乳头成膜药浴剂对奶牛乳腺炎的预防效果,主要包括以下几个方面:一、壳聚糖对奶牛乳腺炎致病菌抑菌效果的研究:利用最低抑菌浓度实验考察不同分子量壳聚糖(5,50,150,350 kDa)对六种常见乳腺炎致病菌的抑菌效果,结果显示50 kDa的壳聚糖对六种致病菌的抑菌效果最好,将其应用于下一步的药浴剂制备;二、壳聚糖添加量对成膜药浴剂抑菌性能的影响:利用药敏实验考察不同壳聚糖添加量(0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5%)对六种常见乳腺炎致病菌的抑菌效果,结果显示含4%聚维酮碘及1%壳聚糖的成膜药浴剂对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌、蜡样芽胞杆菌的抑菌效果要显著大于含4%聚维酮碘的成膜药浴剂(P<0.05);三、成膜药浴剂临床效果研究-乳区实验:选取47头健康中国荷斯坦牛进行为期56天的乳区对比实验,奶牛左侧2个乳区后药浴使用含4%聚维酮碘及1%壳聚糖的成膜药浴剂,右侧2个乳区后药浴使用10%聚维酮碘。在试验开始时(0天)和第28、56天时采集奶样,进行乳成分和乳中体细胞数(Somatic Cell Count,SCC)测定,同时针对SCC高于200,000个/mL的奶样进行致病菌的分离鉴定。结果表明:左侧乳区和右侧乳区奶样在0、28、56天时SCC及乳成分等指标均无显著差异(P>0.05)。四、成膜药浴剂临床效果研究-牛群实验:选取139头健康中国荷斯坦奶牛进行为期56天的群体对比实验,其中对照组67头,实验组72头。对照组后药浴使用10%聚维酮碘,实验组后药浴使用聚维酮碘-壳聚糖成膜药浴剂。结果表明:56天时,实验组的隐性乳腺炎发病率比对照组降低了29% (P<0.05)。在实验组内,第56天的隐性乳腺炎发病率低于0天 (P<0.05)。此外,实验组和对照组奶样在0、28、56天时SCC、乳成分指标和临床乳腺炎发病率均无显著差异(P>0.05)。微生物分离鉴定实验结果表明基于聚维酮碘-壳聚糖的乳头成膜药浴剂可有效预防由肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌和弗格森大肠杆菌引起的隐性乳腺炎。综上所述,含4%聚维酮碘及1%壳聚糖的成膜药浴剂预防奶牛隐性乳腺炎的效果要优于10%聚维酮碘,该研究为扩大壳聚糖在奶牛乳腺炎防治方面的应用,开发壳聚糖相关的绿色兽药产品提供了科学的理论依据。


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21. Molecular characterization of the ryanodine receptor from Adoxophyes orana and its response to lethal and sublethal doses of chlorantraniliprole
SUN Li-na, LIU Yan-di, ZHANG Huai-jiang, YAN Wen-tao, YUE Qiang, QIU Gui-sheng
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (6): 1585-1595.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63356-1
摘要153)      PDF    收藏

昆虫鱼尼丁受体(RyRs)是邻甲酰氨基苯甲酰胺类和邻苯二甲酰胺类等二酰胺类杀虫剂的靶标。目前,已经有几种二酰胺类杀虫剂在我国果园害虫防治中应用。为了加强二酰胺类杀虫剂作用机制的了解,本文克隆了危害仁果和核果类较为严重的害虫苹小卷叶蛾的RyR(AoRyR)基因cDNA全长。此外,还研究了二酰胺杀虫剂对AoRyR mRNA表达调控的影响。通过本研究获得AoRyR mRNA的开放阅读框(ORF)为15402 bp,可编码5113个氨基酸。氨基酸序列比对结果显示,AoRyR与其他昆虫和哺乳动物RyRs分别具有77-92%和45-47%的一致性。在AoRyR中发现了一个可变剪接位点为互斥外显子(a/b),其在卵和幼虫中的使用频率高于蛹和成虫。实时荧光定量qPCR显示,AoRyR mRNA在各发育阶段均有表达,特别是在卵、蛹和雄成虫中高表达。3龄幼虫经LC10、LC20和LC50剂量氯虫苯甲酰胺处理后,AoRyR mRNA表达水平明显上调。研究结果为进一步研究苹小卷叶蛾鱼尼丁受体的功能和开发具有抗虫选择性活性的新化合物提供了依据。


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22. Increased ammonification, nitrogenase, soil respiration and microbial biomass N in the rhizosphere of rice plants inoculated with rhizobacteria
ZHANG Jun-hua, HUANG Jing, Sajid HUSSAIN, ZHU Lian-feng, CAO Xiao-chuang, ZHU Chun-quan, JIN Qian-yu, ZHANG Hui
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (10): 2781-2796.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63454-2
摘要151)      PDF    收藏

Azospirillum brasilensePseudomonas fluorescens是应用广泛的植物根际促生菌。目前Azospirillum brasilensePseudomonas fluorescens对稻田土壤氮循环和水稻生长发育的影响尚不清楚。本研究通过两年田间试验(2016-2017)解析了Azospirillum brasilensePseudomonas fluorescens对水稻根际土壤氮素转化和供氮能力的影响,明确了Azospirillum brasilensePseudomonas fluorescens在稻田肥料减施增效中的作用。微生物接种包括4个处理,分别为生理盐水接种(对照,M0),水稻幼苗接种Azospirillum brasilense(Mb),水稻幼苗接种Pseudomonas fluorescens(Mp),水稻幼苗接种Azospirillum brasilensePseudomonas fluorescens的混合物(Mbp)。氮肥施用水平包括4个处理,分别为0 kg N hm-2(N0)),90 kg N hm-2(N90),180 kg N hm-2(N180),270 kg N hm-2 (N270)。结果表明,与M0相比,Mbp与Mp处理显著增强了水稻根际土壤氨化作用强度,高氮条件下提升作用更显著。与M0相比,Mbp与Mb处理显著增强了水稻根际土壤固氮酶活性,低氮条件下提升作用更显著。接种用的Azospirillum brasilensePseudomonas fluorescens不参与水稻根际土壤的硝化和反硝化过程。根际促生菌与氮肥的交互作用对土壤呼吸速率与微生物量氮有显著影响。在Mbp处理中,N90、N180、N270处理的土壤供氮能力与水稻产量无显著差异。水稻幼苗接种Azospirillum brasilensePseudomonas fluorescens的混合物,可将该地区氮肥施用量降至90 kg N hm-2


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23. Changes in organic C stability within soil aggregates under different fertilization patterns in a greenhouse vegetable field
LUAN Hao-an, YUAN Shuo, GAO Wei, TANG Ji-wei, LI Ruo-nan, ZHANG Huai-zhi, HUANG Shao-wen
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (10): 2758-2771.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63646-8
摘要131)      PDF    收藏

理解土壤有机碳(SOC)的稳定性对于农业生态系统中SOC循环及其动态变化至关重要。已有研究观察到施肥对土体土壤中有机碳稳定性的调节作用。然而,在农业生态系统中,施肥如何改变土壤团聚体中有机碳的稳定性尚不清楚。本研究旨在评估中国天津设施蔬菜施肥8年(化肥vs有机措施)后土壤团聚体中有机碳稳定性的变化。为评估土壤团聚体中有机碳的稳定性变化,本研究采用如下四种方法:改良的Walkley-Black方法(化学方法),13C NMR技术(光谱法),胞外酶测定(生物方法)和热重分析法(热力学方法)。通过湿筛方法将土壤分离成四部分:宏团聚体(> 2 mm),大团聚体(0.25–2 mm),微团聚体(0.053–0.25 mm)和粉粘粒(<0.053 mm)。结果表明,与单施化肥模式相比,有机措施可增加土壤团聚体中有机碳含量,并降低有机碳化学、光谱学、热力学和生物学稳定性。在土壤各团聚体中,有机碳含量在微团聚体中最高,其次为宏团聚体和大团聚体,粉粘粒中最低。同时,有机碳光谱学、热力学和生物学稳定性在粉粘粒中最高,其次是宏团聚体和大团聚体,微团聚体内有机碳稳定性最低。此外,由于土壤团聚体内有机碳化学性质与其他稳定性特征之间的相关性较弱,故推断改良的Walkley-Black方法不适用于评价土壤团聚体内有机碳的稳定性。我们的发现可在土壤团聚体水平上,为深入探索中国设施菜田不同施肥模式下有机碳特性的变化提供科学见解。


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24. Evaluation of sugar and organic acid composition and their levels in highbush blueberries from two regions of China
ZHANG Jia, NIE Ji-yun, LI Jing, ZHANG Hui, LI Ye, Saqib FAROOQ, Syed Asim Shah BACHA, WANG Jie
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (9): 2352-2361.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63236-1
摘要117)      PDF    收藏
Sweet and sour are the most important taste of blueberries, and they are produced by sugar and acid, respectively.  Their contributions to the taste depend not only on the levels of sugar and acid, but also on the types and relative proportions of sugar and acid.  Therefore, it is very important to evaluate the composition and levels of sugar and acid in blueberries.  Regional differences and variety diversity also affect the sugar and acid characteristics of fruits.  Therefore, this study selected two main producing regions in northern China (Weihai and Yingkou) to examine the sugar and acid characteristics of 11 common blueberry cultivars.  The indexes measured included soluble sugars, organic acids, soluble solid content and titratable acidity.  The results showed that glucose and fructose were the major sugars, and citric acid and quinic acid were the major organic acids.  Correlation analysis showed that glucose, fructose, and sucrose were positively correlated with total sugar content; the citric acid content was positively correlated with the titratable acidity and total organic acids.  Titratable acidity, glucose, fructose, sucrose, total sugar content, citric acid, shikimic acid and total acid content of the blueberries varied significantly between regions (P<0.05).  In general, compared with Weihai blueberries, Yingkou blueberries had higher sugar content and lower acid content.  The results of this study may provide useful references for the evaluation of sweet and sour flavors and cultivar selection of blueberries.
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25. Endogenous phytohormones and the expression of flowering genes synergistically induce flowering in loquat
CHI Zhuo-heng, WANG Yong-qing, DENG Qun-xian, ZHANG Hui, PAN Cui-ping, YANG Zhi-wu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (9): 2247-2256.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63246-4
摘要119)      PDF    收藏
Flowering is an important process for the reproduction of higher plants.  Up to this point, the studies on flowering have mostly focused on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, and the flowering mechanism of fruit trees remains mostly unknown.  The diversity of the flowering time of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) makes it an ideal material to study the regulation of flowering.  In this study, we first observed the inflorescence bud differentiation in two varieties of loquat that had different blooming times (cv. Dawuxing (E. japonica), that blooms in the fall and cv. Chunhua (E. japonica×Eriobotrya bengalensis Hook. f.) that blooms in the spring) and found that the starting time of inflorescence bud differentiation and the speed of inflorescence development were responsible for the difference in blooming times.  The determination of endogenous phytohormones by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) indicated that abscisic acid (ABA), zeatin (ZT), and gibberellin (GA3) promoted flowering in loquat, while indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was mainly involved in inflorescence bud differentiation in Chunhua.  A transcription level analysis illustrated that multiple flowering-related genes could respond to different signals, integrate to the TFL1, AP1 and FT genes, and then synergistically regulate flowering in loquat.  Thus, this study provides a new insight into flowering regulation mechanisms in loquat.
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26. Effects of different molecular weights of chitosan on methane production and bacterial community structure in vitro
TONG Jin-jin, ZHANG Hua, WANG Jia, LIU Yun, MAO Sheng-yong, XIONG Ben-hai, JIANG Lin-shu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (6): 1644-1655.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63174-4
摘要89)      PDF    收藏
As a new feed additive, chitosan has been shown in recent years to have a certain role in reducing methane emissions from the gastrointestinal tracts of ruminants.  However, the effects of chitosan with different molecular weights on rumen fermentation, methane production and bacterial community structure are not yet clear.  A basal diet without chitosan served as the control (CTL), and the treatment diets were supplemented with chitosan with different molecular weights: 1 000 (1K), 3 000 (3K), 5 000 (5K), 50 000 (5W) and 200 000 (20W) dry matter (DM).  Six fermentation units per treatment were established.  Gas chromatography was used to measure the concentrations of methane, H2 and volatile fatty acids (VFAs).  The bacterial 16S rRNA genes were sequenced with an Illumina MiSeq platform and analysed to reveal the relative abundances of bacterial community taxa.  The results showed that the propionate proportion was significantly increased by the addition of chitosan with different molecular weights (P<0.05), while methane production and the acetate proportion were significantly decreased (P<0.05).  The relative abundances of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group and Prevotellaceae_UCG_003 were significantly increased in the 3K chitosan group compared with the CTL group, whereas the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group was significantly decreased (P<0.05).  Correlation analyses of the relative abundances of the bacterial genera showed that Prevotella was positively related to propionate production (P<0.05).  In conclusion, 3K chitosan could reduce methane production by replacing fibrolytic bacteria (Firmicutes and Fibrobacteres) with amylolytic bacteria (Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria) in the bacterial community structure.
 
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27.
Change of soil productivity in three different soils after long-term field fertilization treatments
LIU Kai-lou, HAN Tian-fu, HUANG Jing, ZHANG Shui-qing, GAO Hong-jun, ZHANG Lu, Asad SHAH, HUANG Shao-min, ZHU Ping, GAO Su-duan, MA Chang-bao, XUE Yan-dong, ZHANG Hui-min
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (3): 848-858.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62742-5
摘要116)      PDF    收藏
Soil productivity (SP) without external fertilization influence is an important indicator for the capacity of a soil to support crop yield. However, there have been difficulties in estimating values of SPs for soils after various long-term field treatments because the treatment without external fertilization is used but is depleted in soil nutrients, leading to erroneous estimation. The objectives of this study were to estimate the change of SP across different cropping seasons using pot experiments, and to evaluate the steady SP value (which is defined by the basal contribution of soil itself to crop yield) after various longterm fertilization treatments in soils at different geographical locations. The pot experiments were conducted in Jinxian of Jiangxi Province with paddy soil, Zhengzhou of Henan Province with fluvo-aquic soil, and Gongzhuling of Jilin Province with black soils, China. Soils were collected after long-term field fertilization treatments of no fertilizer (control; CK-F), chemical fertilizer (NPK-F), and combined chemical fertilizer with manure (NPKM-F). The soils received either no fertilizer (F0) or chemical fertilizer (F1) for 3–6 cropping seasons in pots, which include CK-P (control; no fertilizer from long-term field experiments for pot experiments), NPK-P (chemical fertilizer from long-term field experiments for pot experiments), and NPKM-P (combined chemical and organic fertilizers from long-term field experiments for pot experiments). The yield data were used to calculate SP values. The initial SP values were high, but decreased rapidly until a relatively steady SP was achieved at or after about three cropping seasons for paddy and fluvo-aquic soils. The steady SP values in the third cropping season from CK-P, NPK-P, and NPKM-P treatments were 37.7, 44.1, and 50.0% in the paddy soil, 34.2, 38.1, and 50.0% in the fluvo-aquic soil, with the highest value observed in the NPKM-P treatment for all soils. However, further research is required in the black soils to incorporate more than three cropping seasons. The partial least squares path mode (PLS-PM) showed that total N (nitrogen) and C/N ratio (the ratio of soil organic carbon and total N) had positive effects on the steady SP for all three soils. These findings confirm the significance of the incorporation of manure for attaining high soil productivity. Regulation of the soil C/N ratio was the other main factor for steady SP through fertilization management.
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28. Aggregate-associated changes in nutrient properties, microbial community and functions in a greenhouse vegetable field based on an eight-year fertilization experiment of China
LUAN Hao-an, GAO Wei, TANG Ji-wei, LI Ruo-nan, LI Ming-yue, ZHANG Huai-zhi, CHEN Xin-ping, Dainius MASILIUNAS, HUANG Shao-wen
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (10): 2530-2548.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63269-5
摘要149)      PDF    收藏
Soil aggregation, microbial community, and functions (i.e., extracellular enzyme activities; EEAs) are critical factors affecting soil C dynamics and nutrient cycling.  We assessed soil aggregate distribution, stability, nutrients, and microbial characteristics within >2, 0.25–2, 0.053–0.25, and <0.053 mm aggregates, based on an eight-year field experiment in a greenhouse vegetable field in China.  The field experiment includes four treatments: 100% N fertilizer (CF), 50% substitution of N fertilizer with manure (M), straw (S), and manure plus straw (MS).  The amounts of nutrient (N, P2O5, and K2O) input were equal in each treatment.  Results showed higher values of mean weight diameter in organic-amended soils (M, MS, and S, 2.43–2.97) vs. CF-amended soils (1.99).  Relative to CF treatment, organic amendments had positive effects on nutrient (i.e., available N, P, and soil organic C (SOC)) conditions, microbial (e.g., bacterial and fungal) growth, and EEAs in the >0.053 mm aggregates, but not in the <0.053 mm aggregates.  The 0.25–0.053 mm aggregates exhibited better nutrient conditions and hydrolytic activity, while the <0.053 mm aggregates had poor nutrient conditions and higher oxidative activity among aggregates, per SOC, available N, available P, and a series of enzyme activities.  These results indicated that the 0.25–0.053 mm (<0.053 mm) aggregates provide suitable microhabitats for hydrolytic (oxidative) activity.  Interestingly, we found that hydrolytic and oxidative activities were mainly impacted by fertilization (58.5%, P<0.01) and aggregate fractions (50.5%, P<0.01), respectively.  The hydrolytic and oxidative activities were significantly (P<0.01) associated with nutrients (SOC and available N) and pH, electrical conductivity, respectively.  Furthermore, SOC, available N, and available P closely (P<0.05) affected microbial communities within >0.25, 0.25–0.053, and <0.053 mm aggregates, respectively.  These findings provide several insights into microbial characteristics within aggregates under different fertilization modes in the greenhouse vegetable production system in China.
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29. Comparison of carbon sequestration efficiency in soil aggregates between upland and paddy soils in a red soil region of China
LIU Kai-lou, HUANG Jing, LI Da-ming, YU Xi-chu, YE Hui-cai, HU Hui-wen, HU Zhi-hua, HUANG Qing-hai, ZHANG Hui-min
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2019, 18 (6): 1348-1359.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)62076-3
摘要221)      PDF    收藏
There is limited information on carbon sequestration efficiency (CSE) of soil aggregates in upland and paddy soils under long-term fertilization regimes.  In a red soil region of southern China, an upland soil experiment started in 1986 and a paddy soil experiment commenced in 1981.  These experiments were conducted using different fertilization treatments.  After 30 years, soil organic carbon (SOC) content and stock of different aggregate components were analyzed.  The results showed that the SOC contents and stocks in upland soil were lower than in paddy soil.  In both upland and paddy soils, the SOC contents and stocks of all aggregate components in NPKM (combined treatment with chemical nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) fertilizers and manure) were the highest among all treatments.  Compared with CK (no fertilizer), SOC content of all aggregate components in NPKM was increased by 13.21–63.11% and 19.13–73.33% in upland and paddy soils, respectively.  Meanwhile, the change rates in SOC stock of all aggregate components in upland soil were lower than in paddy soil, although the change rate of SOC stock of all aggregate components in NPKM was higher than in other treatments.  Furthermore, a linear equation could fit the relationships between carbon (C) input and change rate of SOC stock (P<0.05).  Results indicated that the sum of CSE from all aggregate components in upland soil (16.02%) was higher than that of paddy soil (15.12%) in the same climatic condition and from the same parent material.  However, the CSEs from all aggregates were higher than that of bulk soil, although the result from bulk soil also showed that the CSE of upland soil was higher than that of paddy soil.
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30. TaSAUR78 enhances multiple plant abiotic stress responses by regulating the interacting gene TaVDAC1
GUO Yuan, XU Chang-bing, SUN Xian-jun, HU Zheng, FAN Shou-jin, JIANG Qi-yan, ZHANG Hui
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2019, 18 (12): 2682-2690.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62651-1
摘要124)      PDF    收藏
SMALL AUXIN-UP RNAs (SAURs) regulated by abiotic stress play multiple functions in plants.  However, the functions of SAURs in abiotic stress are largely unknown.  In this study, we cloned a novel SAUR gene, TaSAUR78, from wheat, and we found that TaSAUR78 interacted with TaVDAC1 (voltage-dependent anion channel).  Salt stress decreased expression of TaSAUR78 and increased expression of TaVDAC1.  Overexpression of TaSAUR78 enhanced tolerance to salt, drought, and freezing stresses in transgenic Arabidopsis and reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under salt stress.  Overexpression of TaVDAC1 enhanced tolerance to salt stress, while decreased tolerance to drought and low temperature stresses in transgenic Arabidopsis.  TaVDAC1 overexpression increased the accumulation of ROS in plants.  These results suggested that TaSAUR78 improved plant tolerance to abiotic stresses by regulating TaVDAC1.  This study generated valuable information on the functions of TaSAUR78 and TaVDAC1 in multiple abiotic stresses, which may facilitate the deployment of these genes to enhance crop tolerance to abiotic stresses in the future.
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