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1. 棉铃虫雄性外生殖器产生的一种化合物激活保守的性信息素受体
Dongdong Sun, Yutong Zhang, Song Cao, Xiaoqing Wang, Qian Cao, Sai Zhang, Yang Liu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2025, 24 (5): 1892-1904.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.07.019
摘要34)      PDF    收藏

交配行为是昆虫繁殖过程中的重要组成部分,通常由关键的化学信号介导。在许多蛾类物种中,雄蛾通过识别雌蛾释放的性信息素来寻找合适的配偶,性信息素受体在这一化学信号识别过程中扮演着关键角色。同样,雄蛾在求偶过程中会释放出复杂的混合挥发性化合物;然而,有关这些候选雄性性信息素的嗅觉识别机制研究尚不充分。在这项研究中,我们利用气相色谱-触角电位联用技术(GC-EAD)以及气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)分析了棉铃虫雄性产生的挥发性化合物,并鉴定了三种候选雄性性信息素,其中Z7-12:OAc在雄蛾触角中能引起更明显的电生理反应。通过单感器记录(SSR)发现,棉铃虫雄蛾触角的A类毛型感器中表达HarmOR13ORN-a能被Z7-12:OAc激活。进一步爪蟾卵母细胞双电极电压钳记录表明,Z7-12:OAc能激活五种实夜蛾亚科蛾类的OR13。本研究结果发现了一种可应用于未来行为研究的候选雄性性信息素,如果有行为数据的支持,这些结果将有助于设计新型嗅觉行为调控剂,通过干扰交配实现有效害虫控制策略

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2. 秸秆还田通过改善土壤团聚体结构且不增加土壤异养呼吸从而提高土壤碳库
Hongyu Lin, Jing Zheng, Minghua Zhou, Peng Xu, Ting Lan, Fuhong Kuang, Ziyang Li, Zhisheng Yao, Bo Zhu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2025, 24 (4): 1542-1561.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.09.026
摘要63)      PDF    收藏

秸秆还田常被作为维持作物产量、提高土壤有机碳(SOC)储量以及改善土壤质量的推荐的农田管理方式之一不同秸秆还田方式对土壤有机碳储量的长期影响仍存在不确定性。为评估不同秸秆还田方式对土壤有机碳储量的影响,从2007年到2018年开展了一项长期试验,设置了四种处理:MW0(玉米-小麦轮作、无秸秆还田)、MW50(玉米-小麦轮作、50%秸秆粉碎还田)、MWb50(玉米-小麦轮作、50%秸秆就地焚烧后还田)、MF50(玉米-休耕、50%秸秆粉碎还田)。结果表明,经过十余年连续秸秆还田后,MW50MWb50MF50处理下的SOC储量分别显著增加了32.4%12.2%17.4%;而在MW0处理下,SOC储量在11年长期试验后显著减少了22.9%。与MW0相比,秸秆还田显著增加了有机碳输入,改善了土壤团聚体结构,提高了溶解性有机碳(DOC)与颗粒性有机碳(POC)的比例,但土壤气态碳流失(土壤异养呼吸)并未显著增加因此秸秆还田能显著提升SOC积累速率和土壤SOC储量。DOC与微生物量碳(MBC)比例的增加、酸杆菌门和变形菌门相对丰度的提高以及拟杆菌门和绿弯菌门相对丰度的降低,是秸秆还田下土壤异养呼吸无显著增加甚至减少的主要原因。根据Rothamsted CarbonRothC)模型模拟结果,SOC储量在未来将达到平衡,MW50处理下的C储量平衡值最高,18.85 Mg ha-1。总的来说,田间试验(2007-2018)和RothC模型模拟的结果表明,长期来看,在亚热带山地石灰性土壤中玉米-小麦轮作且50%秸秆粉碎还田(MW50)对SOC储量增益优于其他秸秆还田处理

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3. 16s扩增子测序和非靶向代谢组学揭示了虫草素减少甲烷的瘤胃微生物组和代谢途径的变化
Haokai Ma, Dengke Liu, Rui Liu, Yang Li, Modinat Tolani Lambo, Baisheng Dai, Weizheng Shen, Yongli Qu, Yonggen Zhang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2025, 24 (4): 1310-1326.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.04.014
摘要48)      PDF    收藏
作为农业生产中贡献较大的甲烷生产者,反刍动物需要一种合适的甲烷抑制剂来降低其甲烷的排放,去尽可能地降低甲烷对气候的影响。虫草素在此前研究中已被证明能够提高免疫和调节菌群,另外含有虫草素的蛹虫草被证明可以降低体外甲烷排放,但虫草素能否降低体外甲烷产量尚不清楚。因此本试验选用虫草素来探究其对瘤胃发酵参数、产气量、瘤胃微生物组和瘤胃代谢产物的影响。我们选择0.00, 0.08, 0.16, 0.32和0.64 g L-1五种浓度的虫草素加入到含TMR的发酵瓶内进行体外产气试验,测量了各瓶内发酵液瘤胃发酵参数以及各瓶的产气量,并选用0.00和0.64 g L-1浓度组进行16s rRNA测序及非靶向代谢组学分析。结果表明,虫草素的添加可以增加pH、氨态氮、总挥发酸、丙酸盐、异戊酸盐和戊酸盐的浓度,降低丁酸盐浓度、总产气量、甲烷产量、二氧化碳产量、氢气产量、甲烷浓度和二氧化碳浓度,并且和虫草素浓度呈线性关系,另外氢气浓度和虫草素浓度呈二次关系。同时,Succiniclasticum、Prevotella、Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group、NK4A214_group、Christensenellaceae_R_7_group、unclassified_F082Veillonellaceae_UCG_001、Dasytricha、Ophryoscolex、Isotricha、unclassified_Eukaryota、MethanobrevibacterPiromyces的相对丰度在添加最大剂量(0.64 g L-1)的虫草素后显著降低,而Succinivibrio、unclassified_Succinivibrionaceae、Prevotellaceae_UCG_001、unclassified_Lachnospiraceae、Lachnospira、Succinivibrionaceae_UCG_002、Pseudobutyrivibrio、Entodinium、Polyplastron、unclassified_Methanomethylophilaceae、MethanosphaeraCandidatus_Methanomethylophilus的相对丰度显著升高。虫草素的添加还影响了biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids和purine metabolism等代谢通路,以及arachidonic acid、adenine和2′-deoxyguanosine等代谢产物。基于此,我们认为虫草素是一种效果较好的甲烷排放抑制剂,其通过影响瘤胃微生物区系改变了瘤胃代谢产物和发酵参数,从而调节了瘤胃甲烷产量。本试验能够为开发含有虫草素的虫草类副产物或添加剂作为反刍动物的甲烷抑制剂的“减碳”策略提供参考。
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4. 低氮胁迫下油菜素甾醇通过促进蔗糖向穗的分配抑制小麦小花退化
Zimeng Liang, Xidan Cao, Rong Gao, Nian Guo, Yangyang Tang, Vinay Nangia, Yang Liu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2025, 24 (2): 497-516.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.12.017
摘要109)      PDF    收藏

权衡氮肥施用对产量和环境的影响是小麦生产面临的一个重要问题。可孕小花数的减少是低施氮量下小麦产量下降的主要原因之一。前人研究发现,油菜素甾醇参与调控了水稻颖花退化对施氮量的响应。然而,油菜素甾醇是否能够调控小麦小花发育,其机制如何,目前尚不清楚。因此,本研究设计了不同施氮量试验和外源喷施试验,主要研究了低氮下油菜素甾醇对小麦小花发育的影响及其机制。研究结果表明,随着施氮量的减少,小麦幼穗中内源油菜素甾醇类激素含量显著下降,叶片光合作用受阻,幼穗中总碳、可溶性糖和淀粉含量下降,这导致可孕小花数的显著降低。在低氮胁迫下,外源喷施24-表油菜素内酯促进了叶片光合作用,刺激了茎中果聚糖的水解以及幼穗对蔗糖的利用和储存,将更多的碳水化合物分配到穗中,从而增加了可孕小花的数量。因此,本研究认为,低氮下油菜素甾醇参与调控了小麦小花发育,在低氮胁迫下,叶面喷施24-表油菜素内酯通过促进碳水化合物从茎向穗的分配,抑制了小麦小花的退化。

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5. VGLL2基因参与调控固始鸡骨骼肌生长发育
Wenya Li, Haoxiang Ma, Yanxing Wang, Yushi Zhang, Yang Liu, Ruili Han, Hong Li, Hanfang Cai, Xiaojun Liu, Xiangtao Kang, Ruirui Jiang, Zhuanjian Li
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2025, 24 (1): 246-260.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.06.017
摘要148)      PDF    收藏

先前的研究表明,VGLL2是VGLL家族的一员,在动物骨骼肌的生长发育中发挥着重要作用,但其在鸡骨骼肌发育中的具体作用尚不清楚。本研究的主要目的是探讨VGLL2在鸡骨骼肌发育和鸡原代成肌细胞增殖分化中的生物学功能。在本研究中,我们通过CCK8、EdU和流式细胞术分析检测了VGLL2在过表达和干扰VGLL2后对成肌细胞增殖的影响,采用间接免疫荧光法IF检测VGLL2对成肌细胞分化的影响。qRT‒PCR和苏木精-伊红(H&E)染色用于评估VGLL2过表达对鸡骨骼肌生长速率和骨骼肌纤维特性的影响。结果表明,VGLL2抑制了鸡原代成肌细胞的增殖,但促进了这些细胞的分化。有趣的是,鸡骨骼肌纤维发育因VGLL2的过表达而显著增强。本研究首次从体内和体外对鸡VGLL2基因在骨骼肌中的作用进行了探究,并且数据表明VGLL2基因可能是改善家禽肌肉质量的有用标志物。本研究结果为家禽肌肉发育的研究提供了新的思路,对家禽生产具有一定的指导意义。同时,也为进一步完善我国地方鸡分子育种计划、建立我国地方鸡肌肉发育调控网络提供了理论依据。

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6. 基于T-DNA插入鉴定和解析假禾谷镰孢FpRCO1基因在调控病原菌生长及致病过程中的作用
Haiyang Li, Yuan Zhang, Cancan Qin, Zhifang Wang, Lingjun Hao, Panpan Zhang, Yongqiang Yuan, Chaopu Ding, Mengxuan Wang, Feifei Zan, Jiaxing Meng, Xunyu Zhuang, Zheran Liu, Limin Wang, Haifeng Zhou, Linlin Chen, Min Wang, Xiaoping Xing, Hongxia Yuan, Honglian Li, Shengli Ding
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2024, 23 (9): 3055-3065.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.01.001
摘要161)      PDF    收藏
假禾谷镰孢(Fusarium pseudograminearum)侵染小麦茎基部及根部引起严重的茎基腐病,同时还侵染小麦穗部造成赤霉病,在茎基部和穗部产生毒素,该病害对小麦的产量与质量造成严重的危害,目前已成为小麦生产中的主要病害。尽管如此,对假禾谷镰孢致病分子机制的研究还十分匮乏。为了快速鉴定参与调控假禾谷镰孢致病的基因,本研究利用T-DNA插入正向遗传学的方法建立了假禾谷镰孢的突变体库;通过病原菌接种大麦叶片筛选致病力下降的突变体,进而通过PCR扩增技术分析致病力下降突变体中被破坏的基因。通过筛选,本研究共获到9个致病力下降的假禾谷镰孢突变体,其中一个突变体中与酵母RCO1基因同源的FpRCO1基因被破坏。FpRco1是假禾谷镰孢Rpd3S组蛋白去乙酰化酶复合体的一个重要组分,为了证明编码该蛋白的FpRCO1基因的缺失与假禾谷镰孢的致病力相关,本研究采用split-marker的方法,在野生型WZ-8A菌株中,对该基因进行了敲除,获得了敲除突变体DFprco1。敲除突变体DFprco1生长减慢、产孢减少和致病力下降;回补菌株表型完全恢复到野生型的水平。在不同的外源压力测试实验中,与野生型相比,突变体DFprco1显示对NaCl、sorbitol和SDS更加的敏感,对H2O2不敏感的性状。为了进一步分析突变体DFprco1致病力下降的原因,本研究对假禾谷镰孢野生型菌株及突变体DFprco1在侵染阶段的基因表达水平进行了转录组分析,分析结果显示,突变体DFprco1大量基因的表达水平发生了变化,特别是参与调控DON毒素(Dyoxynivanelol, DON,脱氧镰刀雪腐烯醇)合成的TRI基因(trichothecene biosynthetic (TRI) gene, 单端孢霉烯簇生物合成) 表达水平出现显著下调。通过对假禾谷镰孢的野生型菌株及突变体DFprco1侵染的小麦粒中的DON毒素进行检测发现,突变体DFprco1侵染的小麦粒中DON含量显著减少。总之,本研究揭示了FpRCO1基因在调控假禾谷镰孢的生长发育、无性繁殖、DON的合成及致病方面扮演着重要的角色;同时本研究为深入解析假禾谷镰孢致病的分子机制提供了新的方法,为防控该重大病害提供新思路。
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7. 不同地域棉蚜对氟啶虫胺腈及啶虫脒抗性发展、交互抗性及适合度成本
Wei Wang, Renfu Zhang, Haiyang Liu, Ruifeng Ding, Qiushi Huang, Ju Yao, Gemei Liang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2024, 23 (7): 2332-2345.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.07.029
摘要132)      PDF    收藏

棉蚜抗药性日益严重,使其变得越来越难以防治。室内,在两个不同基础抗性的棉蚜种群中分别建立了抗氟啶虫胺腈品系和抗啶虫脒品系,并评估了基础抗性对棉蚜抗药性发展、交互抗性和适合度的的影响。在相同的选择压力下,基础抗性低的莎车棉蚜对氟啶虫胺腈和啶虫脒抗性发展快于基础抗性高的精河棉蚜,并且莎车和精河棉蚜对氟啶虫胺腈的抗性发展快于啶虫脒。从莎车和精河中筛选的抗氟啶虫胺腈品系均对啶虫脒、吡虫啉、噻虫嗪和吡蚜酮产生了明显的交互抗性,筛选的抗啶虫脒品系均对氟啶虫胺腈、吡虫啉、噻虫嗪、吡蚜酮和毒死蜱产生了明显的交互抗性。随着棉蚜对氟啶虫胺腈和啶虫脒抗性发展,棉蚜的相对适合度下降,其中抗氟啶虫胺腈品系(Yarkant-SulR and Jinghe-SulR)相对适合度低于抗啶虫脒品系(Yarkant-AceRJinghe-AceR)。此外,精河的抗氟啶虫胺腈品系和抗啶虫脒品系的相对适合度低于莎车两个抗性品系。棉蚜基础抗性和杀虫剂类型影响棉蚜对杀虫剂的抗性发展对其他杀虫剂的交互抗性。棉蚜抗氟啶虫胺腈品系和抗啶虫脒品系存在明显适合度成本。本研究结果将有助于棉蚜抗药性管理及其综合防控

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8. 草地贪夜蛾瞬时受体电位通道基因的鉴定及TRPA1的功能研究
Yutong Zhang, Hangwei Liu, Song Cao, Bin Li, Yang Liu, Guirong Wang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2024, 23 (6): 1994-2005.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.09.023
摘要126)      PDF    收藏

草地贪夜蛾是一种极具破坏性的害虫,由于其强大的繁殖和迁飞能力,已成为一种全球性害虫。瞬时受体电位(Transient Receptor PotentialTRP通道一个庞大的离子通道家族,在昆虫感知外界环境和维持内部稳态中发挥着举足轻重的作用。近年来,TRP通道在昆虫行为调控中的重要作用得到了广泛的研究。本研究草地贪夜蛾基因组中鉴定了15TRP基因座共编码26个转录本,并分析了其在不同发育阶段的表达谱。结果表明,草地贪夜蛾含有4TRPC基因、6TRPA基因、1TRPM基因、2TRPV基因、1TRPN基因和1TRPML基因,但并未鉴定到TRPP基因。此外,利用爪蟾卵母细胞表达系统对SfruTRPA1功能进行了鉴定,SfruTRPA1能被20 ~ 45℃范围内的升高温度激活,在相同温度范围内重复刺激后无明显脱敏现象。外,SfruTRPA1能被天然化学物质异硫氰酸烯丙酯(allyl isothiocyanate, AITC)和肉桂醛(cinnamaldehyde, CA)激活研究草地贪夜蛾的TRP通道基因进行了鉴定,为开发针对TRP通道的新型农药提供了靶标,也为全面解析TRP通道在昆虫生理功能中的作用奠定了基础。

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9. 生长素转运基因OsAUX1调控水稻分蘖发育
Luqi Jia, Yongdong Dai, Ziwei Peng, Zhibo Cui, Xuefei Zhang, Yangyang Li, Weijiang Tian, Guanghua He, Yun Li, Xianchun Sang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2024, 23 (5): 1454-1467.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.05.041
摘要246)      PDF    收藏
分蘖是重要农艺性状,其通过影响有效穗从而进一步影响水稻(Oryza sativa)产量。生长素在分蘖发育中起关键作用。本文鉴定一个多蘖半矮化突变体(htsd1),其根部表现出生长素缺陷的侧根侧根密度降低角度增大等特征。突变体htsd1对生长素的敏感性降低,外施生长素可部分抑制分蘖发育htsd1突变性状调控基因为LOC_Os01g63770该基因编码生长素转运蛋白OsAUX1。OsAUX1启动子区域含有大量SPLSQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE转录因子家族结合位点,鉴定发现SPL7可以直接结合到OsAUX1启动子区域。分蘖负调控关键基因OsTB1TEOSINTE BRANCHED1 htsd1突变体中极显著下降。OsTB1敲除突变体中分蘖数增加,外施生长素可以抑制OsTB1敲除突变体分蘖芽的生长htsd1突变中过表达OsAUX1基因可恢复少蘖表型。这些结果表明,SPL7可以直接结合到OsAUX1启动子区域进而调控OsTB1的表达,从而通过IAA途径调控水稻分蘖数的发育。
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10. 桔小实蝇细胞因子受体Domeless的表征及BdDomeless3参与对类共生病毒的免疫
Wei Zhang, Shaoyang Li, Rong Li, Jinzhi Niu, Jinjun Wang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2024, 23 (4): 1274-1284.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.10.003
摘要107)      PDF    收藏

JAK/STATJanus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription是无脊椎动物重要的先天免疫信号通路,细胞因子受体Domeless是其上游通路的核心组分分析发现,桔小实蝇有3Domeless受体(BdDomeless1BdDomeless2BdDomeless3),均具有5个纤连蛋白(FN Ⅲ)胞外结构域和1个跨膜结构域,且在成虫期高表达,并对病原物侵染具有一定诱导响应进一步分析发现,仅BdDomelss3在关键免疫组织脂肪体中显著高表达,并能够响应类共生病毒的侵染;RNAi靶向BdDomeless3可促进Bactrocera dorsalis cripavirus(BdCV)Bactrocera dorsalis picorna-like virus(BdPLV)复制说明细胞因子受体BdDomeless3参与抵抗桔小实蝇类共生病毒复制过程,暗示JAK/STAT通路在桔小实蝇免疫系统中具有重要作用本研究首次对实蝇类昆虫JAK/STAT通路细胞因子受体进行了表征,并探究了BdDomeless3的免疫功能,为揭示桔小实蝇的先天免疫机制提供了新见解。

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11. 土壤微生物群落、养分供应和作物产量在小麦玉米轮作体系中对钾肥梯度的不同响应
Zeli Li, Fuli Fang, Liang Wu, Feng Gao, Mingyang Li, Benhang Li, Kaidi Wu, Xiaomin Hu, Shuo Wang, Zhanbo Wei, Qi Chen, Min Zhang, Zhiguang Liu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2024, 23 (10): 3592-3609.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.01.031
摘要80)      PDF    收藏
土壤微生物在生态系统功能中起着重要的作用。然而,钾肥施肥量梯度对小麦玉米轮作体系中土壤微生物群落的相对影响尚不清楚。在这项长期田间定位试验中(2008-2019),我们研究了土壤中细菌和真菌的多样性、组成和群落组合,沿着钾肥施肥量梯度小麦季:K0K1,K2,K3;不施钾肥,45,90,135 kg ha1 K2O;玉米季:K0K1,K2,K3;不施钾肥,150,300,450 kg ha1 K2O),利用细菌16S rRNA和真菌ITS测序分析。研究发现,年平均土壤温度和降水量、速效钾、铵态氮、硝态氮和有机质等环境变量对土壤细菌和真菌群落有影响,且其影响因施肥和作物种类不同存在差异。此外,小麦季参与土壤养分转化的细菌放线菌门和α变形菌门的相对丰度较玉米季显著增加,最佳钾肥施(K2处理提高了小麦季土壤养分转化相关细菌乳酸杆菌和土壤反硝化相关细菌变形菌门的相对丰度。玉米季促进根系生长和养分吸收的土壤细菌群落Herbaspirillum丰度较小麦季有所提高,K2处理提高了玉米季土壤养分转化相关(MND1和土壤氮循环相关(Nitrospira的细菌丰度。结果表明,小麦‒玉米轮作体系下细菌和真菌群落在钾肥施肥量梯度上表现出不同的敏感性和组装机制,其中土壤微生境对作物产量的影响最大,钾肥的施用使小麦和玉米产量分别提高了11.2-22.6%9.2-23.8%。这些模式不同气象因子和梯度土壤养分变化的共同影响
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12. 黄皮基因组揭示生物碱多样性和甲基转移酶基因家族进化特征
Yongzan Wei, Yi Wang, Fuchu Hu, Wei Wang, Changbin Wei, Bingqiang Xu, Liqin Liu, Huayang Li, Can Wang, Hongna Zhang, Zhenchang Liang, Jianghui Xie
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2024, 23 (10): 3537-3553.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.07.043
摘要101)      PDF    收藏

黄皮(Clausena lansium)是一种重要的常绿果树,原产于我国华南地区,其药用价值具有悠久的历史。本研究构建了黄皮(C. lansium)染色体水平基因组,其大小为282.9 Mbscaffold N50达到30.75 Mb。组装后的基因组包含48.70%的重复元件和24,381个蛋白质编码基因。比较基因组分析表明:黄皮(C. lansium)在约1591 - 2495万年前从柑橘亚科(Aurantioideae)分化而来。在扩张和特有基因中,鉴定出一批与甲基转移酶活性和S-腺苷蛋氨酸依赖性甲基转移酶活性相关的基因。进一步分析表明,N-甲基转移酶(NMT)主要参与生物碱的合成,而O-甲基转移酶(OMT)则参与黄皮香豆素积累的调控,推测黄皮富含生物碱和香豆素的重要原因可能由于NMTOMT的基因扩张所致,其中串联重复事件是NMT扩展的主要原因。因此,黄皮(C. lansium)参考基因组发布将推动黄皮资源药用化合物发掘及其生物合成通路解析

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13. 新型18β-甘草次酸酰胺衍生物在控制植物细菌性病害中的双重作用:基于ROS介导的抗菌活性和激活植物防御响应
SONG Ying-lian, LIU Hong-wu, YANG Yi-hong, HE Jing-jing, YANG Bin-xin, YANG Lin-li, ZHOU Xiang, LIU Li-wei, WANG Pei-yi, YANG Song
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (9): 2759-2771.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.10.009
摘要205)      PDF    收藏

长期以来天然产物为新型农用化学品的发现提供了重要来源灵感。在众多的天然产物中,18β-甘草次酸具有广谱生物活性,更为新药发现提供了重要的活性骨架。为了拓展18β-甘草次酸的农业用途,制备了一系列新型18β-甘草次酸酰胺衍生物并评价抗菌性能。以水稻黄单胞菌、柑橘溃疡病菌、猕猴桃溃疡病菌为测试菌株,采用浊度法测试了目标化合物的离体抗菌活性;采用盆栽实验,评估了目标化合物对水稻白叶枯病的防治效果;采用透射电镜对细菌的表型进行了初步验证;借助活性氧实验验证化合物对病原菌活性氧的干扰效果;结合防御酶实验探究化合物对植物防御酶活性的调控性能。通过抗菌活性实验表明,化合物5k对水稻白叶枯病菌(Xoo)具有较好的离体抑菌活性(EC50 = 3.64 mg L-1)和优异的活体保护活性(54.68%)进一步通过活性氧实验和表型验证,化合物5k能造成病原菌体内活性氧过量产生和积累,并进一步破坏病原菌的细胞膜。更值得注意的是,化合物5k提升包括过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和苯丙氨酸解氨酶在内的植物防御酶的活性。实验结果表明,制备的18β-甘草次酸酰胺衍生物能通过破坏病原菌的氧化还原平衡并激活植物的防御系统共同发挥其控制植物细菌性病害的潜力。

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14. 西番莲中参与黄酮类和萜类生物合成的关键基因鉴定和三萜类生物合成的途径分析
XU Yi, HUANG Dong-mei, MA Fu-ning, YANG Liu, WU Bin, XING Wen-ting, SUN Pei-guang, CHEN Di, XU Bing-qiang, SONG Shun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (5): 1412-1423.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.03.005
摘要348)      PDF    收藏

西番莲(Passiflora edulis Sims)也称百香果,是西番莲科西番莲属的藤本植物。其全株提取的黄酮类和萜类对人体有良好的抗焦虑和抗炎作用,西番莲除了鲜食之外还可药用。在这项工作中,我们利用RNA-Seq分析了紫果品种的四个组织的转录表达,注释了大量基因功能。西番莲叶片中的黄酮类和萜类化合物主要是木犀草素、芹菜素、环状三萜皂苷和其他活性物质的衍生物。利用基于同源BLAST和系统发育分析,筛选了转录组数据中可能参与黄酮类和萜类合成途径的一系列候选单基因。结果显示,西番莲的三萜类化合物的生物合成来自甲羟戊酸(MVA)和2-C-甲基-D-赤藓糖醇-4-磷酸/1-脱氧-D-木糖醇-5-磷酸(MEP/DOXP)途径,这与其他果树通过MVA途径为主的生物合成不同。大多数候选基因在叶和/或花中高表达。8个关键基因的定量实时PCR(qRT-PCR)验证,证实了RNA-Seq数据的可靠性,并获得了其在西番莲属八个种(species)和其中一个种(栽培种)的四个组织中的表达规律。这些工作对分析关键基因在西番莲黄酮类化合物和萜类化合物的生物合成提供基础。

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15. JIA-2021-1609 基于耗氧量和顶空气相色谱-离子迁移谱技术的单粒种子生活力判定
TU Ke-ling, YIN Yu-lin, YANG Li-ming, WANG Jian-hua, SUN Qun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (3): 727-737.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.058
摘要301)      PDF    收藏
鉴定和筛选优质种子对于提高作物产量至关重要。本研究的目的是通过预测单粒种子的潜在发芽能力,判定种子是否具有生活力,以改进作物种子的精选技术,从而提高种子质量。本研究基于种子萌发早期的耗氧量(Q)和种子的挥发性气体成分对单粒种子的生活力进行判定。甜玉米种子、辣椒、小麦种子,有生活力和无生活力种子,其呼吸特征值——最终耗氧量(Q120)均存在差异。在此基础上,为了缩短Q2技术的测量过程,尽可能地减少测量过程中对种子造成不可逆的损害,我们探究了新的耗氧量变量Qt,将辣椒、甜玉米和小麦种子生活力评估的时间分别提前到12、6和9小时,生活力预测的准确率分别为91.9%、97.7%和96.2%。此过程可摒弃无生活力的种子,从而提高种子批的质量,将三种作物的发芽率分别从原始的86.6%、90.9%和53.8%提高到100%。考虑到单粒甜玉米种子的质量较大,存在从单粒种子上检测到挥发性气体成分的可能性,我们进一步尝试了将空气相色谱-离子迁移谱技术(HS-GC-IMS)应用于单粒甜玉米种子的生活力判定,共鉴定出48个峰,其中38种挥发性物质被表征,包括醇、醛、酸和酯。然而,由于单粒甜玉米种子之间挥发性气体成分的差异极为细微,有生活力种子和无生活力种子之间未检测到显著差异,基于挥发性气体成分的主成分分析也无法区分这两种类型的甜玉米种子。本研究所采取的这些方法可为单粒种子生活力的快速鉴定提供参考。
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16. 基于SLAF标记甜瓜果实相关性状和果肉硬度主要候选QTL位点ff2.1的定位
CHEN Ke-xin, DAI Dong-yang, WANG Ling, YANG Li-min, LI Dan-dan, WANG Chao, JI Peng, SHENG Yun-yan
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (11): 3331-3345.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.02.014
摘要166)      PDF    收藏

甜瓜果肉硬度(Flesh firmness, FF)是农业生产者和消费者关注的一个复杂重要的性状,目前针对甜瓜果肉硬度性状的遗传机制尚不清楚。本研究以软果肉甜瓜“P5”和硬果肉甜瓜“P10”配置杂交组合,构建F2分离群体,通过QTL-SLAF测序和分子标记连锁分析,共鉴定112,844SLAF位点,使用5,919SNP标记构建了总遗传距离为1356.49 cM的连锁图谱。结合两年田间表型分析显示,控制果实长度(Fruit Length, FL)和宽度(Fruit Diameter, FD)的QTLs位点位于同一区间,控制单果重(Single-Fruit Weight, SFW)性状的QTL位于两条不同的染色体上。对于果肉硬度检测到一个主要QTL位点ff2.1位于甜瓜2号染色体0.17 Mb的候选区域。利用429F2单株,将ff2.1候选区间缩小到28.3 kb区域,包含3个候选基因。本研究不仅鉴定了一个控制甜瓜果肉硬度的QTLs位点,同时也为甜瓜基因功能基因的研究提供了理论基础。

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17. P1 of strawberry vein banding virus, a multilocalized protein, functions as a movement protein and interacts with the coat protein
RUI Peng-huan, WANG Zhan-qi, SHAN Wen-shu, XIA Wei-wei, ZHOU Xiu-hong, YANG Lian-lian, JIANG Lei, JIANG Tong
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (4): 1071-1083.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63711-5
摘要119)      PDF    收藏

尽管草莓镶脉病毒(SVBV)的基因组全序列已经确定,生物信息学分析显示SVBV基因组可编码7个不同的蛋白,但每个蛋白的确切功能并不是非常清楚。在本研究中,我们提供了如下能够验证SVBV编码的P1蛋白(SVBV-P1)所具有的几个特点的证据。利用蛋白定位预测工具分析SVBV-P1蛋白亚细胞定位,共聚焦观察SVBV-P1浸润的本氏烟叶片,结果显示SVBV-P1蛋白定位于本氏烟表皮细胞的细胞质、细胞壁和胞间连丝,还能够在细胞质中形成与微管和内质网相关的包涵体。稀释的SVBV-P1浸润本氏烟叶片,使SVBV-P1蛋白在单细胞表达,结果显示一段时间之后SVBV-P1蛋白能从本氏烟叶片上农杆菌浸润的侵染点细胞转移到邻近的细胞,表明SVBV-P1蛋白具有胞间移动的能力。进一步将稀释的SVBV-P1与马铃薯X病毒(PVX)运动缺陷型突变体共浸润本氏烟叶片,结果显示PVX突变体能从单细胞移动至周围的细胞,表明SVBV-P1蛋白能促进失去运动功能的PVX突变体在本氏烟叶片的细胞间运动。最后,酵母双杂交实验与双分子荧光互补分析显示,SVBV-P1与SVBV-CP共转化的酵母菌能正常生长,SVBV-P1与SVBV-CP共浸润的本氏烟叶片出现荧光,表明SVBV-P1蛋白能与SVBV编码的外壳蛋白互作,而外壳蛋白是花椰菜花叶病毒属病毒粒子的主要成分。电泳迁移率试验测定结果显示,与SVBV-P1蛋白孵育的DNA在电泳过程中并未出现阻滞,说明SVBV-P1蛋白缺乏结合DNA的能力。综上所述,我们的研究结果表明SVBV-P1蛋白很可能是SVBV的运动蛋白,并且为进一步研究花椰菜花叶病毒属病毒的运动蛋白功能提供了新的思路。


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18. Transcriptome analysis for understanding the mechanism of dark septate endophyte S16 in promoting the growth and nitrate uptake of sweet cherry
WU Fan-lin, QU De-hui, TIAN Wei, WANG Meng-yun, CHEN Fei-yan, LI Ke-ke, SUN Ya-dong, SU Ying-hua, YANG Li-na, SU Hong-yan, WANG Lei
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (7): 1819-1831.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63355-X
摘要169)      PDF    收藏

甜樱桃是世界最受欢迎的水果之一。早先,我们发现了一种黑色暗格真菌S16,它能够促进樱桃砧木吉塞拉5号的生长。然而,关于它们之间作用的分子机制还不甚了解。在本次研究中,我们分析了与S16共生的樱桃根部的生理指标以及转录组本,初步阐释了S16促樱桃生长的分子机制。与S16共生后,樱桃幼苗的活力更强。而且,与对照相比,S16共生根部共鉴定到4249个差异表达基因。这些基因涉及到与植物代谢、激素相关的生长过程。而且,与氮调控相关的基因高度富集。生理指标测定表明,S16能够促进樱桃幼苗利用NO3-转运蛋白来吸收氮源。因此,此次RNA测序数据库可以更加深入了从分子机制层面解析黑色暗格真菌促樱桃的生长过程。


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19. Two novel gene-specific markers at the Pik locus facilitate the application of rice blast resistant alleles in breeding
TIAN Da-gang, CHEN Zi-qiang, LIN Yan, CHEN Zai-jie, LUO Jia-mi, JI Ping-sheng, YANG Li-ming, WANG Zong-hua, WANG Feng
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (6): 1554-1562.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63272-5
摘要153)      PDF    收藏

由稻瘟病菌引起的稻瘟病,是一种制约世界水稻生产的真菌病害。长期的生产实践表明,将持久广谱的抗性基因导入高产水稻品种,是防治该病害的首选。位于第11号染色体上的抗瘟基因 Pik 基因座,至少含有 Pi-1、Pik-h、Pi-k、Pik-m、Pik-s和Pik-p等6个重要的抗病基因;但由于当前缺乏适用的分子标记,限制了该基因座功能基因在抗病育种中的广泛应用。为了更好地在分子育种中利用该基因座的功能基因,开发Pik 基因座功能基因的特异性标记并用其分型种质资源具有重要意义。基于此,本研究通过对Pi-1、Pik-h、Pi-k、Pik-m、Pik-s、Pik-p等功能基因和非功能基因位点之间的序列广泛比较,获得了一个在这些功能基因启动子区-1015-bp处Pik-p缺失19-bp和一个在这些功能基因末端+6816-bp处Pi-1插入11-bp的的多态性位点,并据此分别开发出两个能精确区分出Pik-p、Pi-1和K型功能等位位点的Pikp-Del和Pi1-In标记;进一步通过结合稻瘟病菌室内接种和已有的dCAPS标记Pi1FNP和dCAPS-795鉴定,对这两个标记鉴定结果的准确性进行了评价。结果显示,我们鉴定的基因型与稻瘟病人工接种抗性表现和两个dCAPS标记的鉴定的结果完全一致。另外,我们还利用Pikp-Del和Pi1-In标记对531份水稻品种和育种材料进行了基因分型,结果表明,5份材料含有Pik-p基因,8份材料含有Pi-1基因,说明这两个基因在我国水稻稻瘟病抗性育种中还没有被充分利用;另外还有256份携带K型等位基因,这些材料可作为抗稻瘟病育种的种质资源。综上,Pikp-Del和Pi1-In标记可以实现对Pik-p、Pi-1和K型功能等位基因的精准检测,结合标记分型的种质资源,将会加速Pik-p 和Pi-1以及Pik 基因座的其它功能基因在抗病育种中的应用。


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20. circRNA landscape of non-pregnant endometrium during the estrus cycle in dairy goats
LIU Xiao-rui, ZHANG Lei, CUI Jiu-zeng, YANG Li-chun, HAN Jin-cheng, CHE Si-cheng, CAO Bin-yun, LI Guang, SONG Yu-xuan
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (5): 1346-1358.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63464-5
摘要129)      PDF    收藏

哺乳动物子宫内膜的发育是一个涉及众多的调节因素的复杂过程。环状RNA (circRNAs)是一种自然存在的内源性非编码RNA家族的重要成员之一,有研究报道circRNAs在多种生理过程中发挥着重要的调控作用。目的:本研究旨在分析奶山羊发情周期非妊娠子宫内膜组织中circRNA的表达谱。方法:采用链特异性去核糖体转录组测序技术对发情第5天和发情第15天奶山羊的非妊娠子宫内膜组织样进行circRNAs表达谱分析,筛选两个时期差异表达的circRNAs并利用RT-qPCR进行验证;然后利用生物信息学分析两个时期差异表达circRNAs的宿主基因,进而进行GO 和KEGG分析;最后利用Targetscan 7.0和miRanda网站分析circRNAs和miRNAs的靶向结合关系。结果:奶山羊发情第5天和发情第15天的非妊娠子宫内膜组织中共有2331个差异表达的circRNAs(P<0.05),RT-qPCR检测的10个circRNAs变化趋势与测序结果一致;其中circRNA1460的宿主基因Nipped-B 样蛋白(Nipped-B-like,NIPBL)和circRNA8694的宿主基因钙反应性转录因子(calcium responsive transcription factor,CARF)降低其circRNAs的转录形式的水平(P<0.05)参与子宫内膜的发育;差异表达circRNAs的宿主基因GO和KEGG分析结果显示注释到紧密连接(Tight junctions)条目上和鸟苷三磷酸酶(GTPases)通路上的circRNAs参与了奶山羊子发情周期中非妊娠子宫内膜的发育过程;另外,本研究中得到的circRNAs与公共数据库中的436个山羊miRNAs有靶向结合位点。结论:奶山羊发情第5天和发情第15天的非妊娠子宫内膜组织中存在差异的circRNAs,生物信息学分析表明一些circRNAs参与奶山羊发情周期非妊娠子宫内膜的发育过程;本研究构建了奶山羊发情周期非妊娠子宫内膜circRNAs文库,丰富了奶山羊的转录组信息,有助于我们研究奶山羊子宫内膜发育过程中的分子调控机制,为进一步提高奶山羊的胚胎着床的成功率和繁殖率提供理论依据。创新点:本研究选择发情第5天和发情第15天奶山羊的非妊娠子宫内膜组织进行circRNAs表达谱分析;采用核糖体去除和链特异性文库构建方案进行RNA-seq测序,保留了完整的circRNAs序列,对样本中几乎全部的circRNAs序列进行鉴定和分析。


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21. Analysis of phototactic responses in Spodoptera frugiperda using Helicoverpa armigera as control
LIU Ying-jie, ZHANG Dan-dan, YANG Li-yu, DONG Yong-hao, LIANG Ge-mei, Philip DONKERSLEY, REN Guang-wei, XU Peng-jun, WU Kong-ming
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (3): 821-828.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62863-7
摘要127)      PDF    收藏

诱虫灯在现代农业的害虫预测预报和防治工作中得到广泛的应用。草地贪夜蛾于2018年底经云南迁飞入侵中国,严重威胁我国农作物的安全生产。为明确诱虫灯对草地贪夜蛾成虫的诱集效率,我们首先通过转录组测序确定其视蛋白基因的种类和数量。聚类分析表明,与其它夜蛾科昆虫类似,草地贪夜蛾表达4个视蛋白基因。但是草地贪夜蛾视蛋白基因的表达量显著低于棉铃虫中相对应的基因。趋光行为研究表明,棉铃虫和草地贪夜蛾成虫均具有显著正趋光性,其中草地贪夜蛾雌、雄成虫飞向光源的速度均显著高于棉铃虫,这可能是由于草地贪夜蛾飞行速度高于棉铃虫所致。然而,诱虫灯结果表明草地贪夜蛾的上灯率显著低于棉铃虫,这与视蛋白基因在两种昆虫中的表达水平一致。综上所述,本研究表明草地贪夜蛾成虫具有趋光性,诱虫灯可用于该虫的预测预报及防治工作,但诱集效率低于棉铃虫。


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22. What are the differences in yield formation among two cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cultivars and their F1 hybrid?
WANG Xiu-juan, KANG Meng-zhen, FAN Xing-rong, YANG Li-li, ZHANG Bao-gui, HUANG San-wen, Philippe DE REFFYE, WANG Fei-yue
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (7): 1789-1801.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63218-X
摘要117)      PDF    收藏
To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the differences in yield formation among two parents (P1 and P2) and their F1 hybrid of cucumber, biomass production and whole source–sink dynamics were analyzed using a functional–structural plant model (FSPM) that simulates both the number and size of individual organs.  Observations of plant development and organ biomass were recorded throughout the growth periods of the plants.  The GreenLab Model was used to analyze the differences in fruit setting, organ expansion, biomass production and biomass allocation.  The source–sink parameters were estimated from the experimental measurements.  Moreover, a particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) was applied to analyze whether the fruit setting is related to the source–sink ratio.  The results showed that the internal source–sink ratio increased in the vegetative stage and reached a peak until the first fruit setting.  The high yield of hybrid F1 is the compound result of both fruit setting and the internal source–sink ratio.  The optimization results also revealed that the incremental changes in fruit weight result from the increases in sink strength and proportion of plant biomass allocation for fruits.  The model-aided analysis revealed that heterosis is a result of a delicate compromise between fruit setting and fruit sink strength.  The organ-level model may provide a computational approach to define the target of breeding by combination with a genetic model.
 
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23. Effects of subsoiling depth, period interval and combined tillage practice on soil properties and yield in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, China
WANG Yun-xia, CHEN Shu-ping, ZHANG Dong-xing, YANG Li, CUI Tao, JING Hui-rong, LI Yu-huan
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (6): 1596-1608.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62681-X
摘要160)      PDF    收藏
Compaction layers are widely distributed in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, China, which restrict root growth and reduce yields.  The adoption of subsoiling has been recommended to disrupt compacted soil layers and create a reasonable soil structure for crop development.  In this paper, the effects of subsoiling depth (30, 35 and 40 cm), period interval (2 or 3 years) and combined pre-sowing tillage practice (rotary cultivation or ploughing) on soil condition improvement was studied on a tidal soil in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain.  Seven tillage patterns were designed by combining different subsoiling depths, period intervals and pre-sowing.  The evaluation indicators for soil condition improvement were as follows: thickness of the plough layer and hard pan, soil bulk density, cone index, soil three-phase R values, alkali nitrogen content, crop yield, and economic benefits.  The results showed that subsoiling can significantly improve the soil structure and physical properties.  In all subsoiling treatments, the depth of 35 or 40 cm at a 2-year interval was the most significant.  The thickness of the plough layer increased from 13.67 cm before the test to 21.54–23.45 cm in 2018.  The thickness of the hard pan decreased from 17.68 cm before the test to 12.09–12.76 cm in 2018, a decrease of about 40.07%.  However, the subsoiling combined pre-sowing tillage practice, that is, rotary cultivation or ploughing, was not significant for soil structure and physical properties.  For all subsoiling treatments, the soil bulk density, cone index and soil three-phase R values of the 15–25 cm soil layer were significantly lower compared to single rotary cultivation.  Subsoiling was observed to increase the soil alkaline nitrogen and water contents.  The tillage patterns that had subsoiling at the depth of 35–40 cm at a 2-year interval combined with rotary cultivation had the highest alkali nitrogen and water contents, which increased by 31.08–34.23% compared with that of the single rotary cultivation.  Subsoiling can significantly increase the yield both of wheat and corn, as well as the economic benefits.  The treatment of subsoiling at the depth of 35 cm at an interval of 2 years combined with rotary cultivation had the highest annual yield and economic benefits.  For this treatment, the annual yield and economic benefits increased by 14.55 and 62.87% in 2018, respectively.  In conclusion, the tillage patterns that involved subsoiling at a depth of 35 cm at a 2-year interval along with rotary cultivation are suitable for the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain.
 
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24. Molecular detection of the powdery mildew resistance genes in winter wheats DH51302 and Shimai 26
QU Yun-feng, WU Pei-pei, HU Jing-huang, CHEN Yong-xing, SHI Zhan-liang, QIU Dan, LI Ya-hui, ZHANG Hong-jun, ZHOU Yang, YANG Li, LIU Hong-wei, ZHU Tong-quan, LIU Zhi-yong, ZHANG Yan-ming, LI Hong-jie
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (4): 931-940.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62644-4
摘要122)      PDF    收藏
Resistance to powdery mildew is an important trait of interest in many wheat breeding programs.  The information on genes conferring resistance to powdery mildew in wheat cultivars is useful in parental selection.  Winter wheat breeding line DH51302 derived from Liangxing 99 and cultivar Shimai 26 derived from Jimai 22 showed identical infection patterns against 13 isolates of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt) that causes wheat powdery mildew.  DH51302 and Shimai 26 were crossed to a powdery mildew susceptible cultivar Zhongzuo 9504 and the F2:3 families were used in molecular localization of the resistance genes.  Fourteen polymorphic markers, which were linked to Pm52 from Liangxing 99, were used to establish the genetic linkage maps for the resistance genes PmDH51302 and PmSM26 in DH51302 and Shimai 26, respectively.  These genes were placed in the same genetic interval where Pm52 resides.  Analysis of gene-linked molecular markers indicated that PmDH51302 and PmSM26 differed from other powdery mildew resistance genes on chromosome arm 2BL, such as Pm6, Pm33, Pm51, MlZec1, MlAB10, and Pm64.  Based on the results of reaction patterns to different Bgt isolates and molecular marker localization, together with the pedigree information, DH51302 and Shimai 26 carried the same gene, Pm52, which confers their resistance to powdery mildew.
 
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25.
Genetic progress in stem lodging resistance of the dominant wheat cultivars adapted to Yellow-Huai River Valleys Winter Wheat Zone in China since 1964
ZHANG Hong-jun, LI Teng, LIU Hong-wei, MAI Chun-yan, YU Guang-jun, LI Hui-li, YU Li-qiang, MENG Ling-zhi, JIAN Da-wei, YANG Li, LI Hong-jie, ZHOU Yang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (2): 438-448.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62627-4
摘要144)      收藏
Analysis of genetic progress for lodging-related traits provides important information for further improvement of lodging resistance.  Forty winter wheat cultivars widely grown in the Yellow-Huai River Valleys Winter Wheat Zone (YHWZ) of China during the period of 1964–2015 were evaluated for several lodging-related traits in three cropping seasons.  Plant height, height at center of gravity, length of the basal second internode, and lodging index decreased significantly in this period, and the average annual genetic gains for these traits were –0.50 cm or –0.62%, –0.27 cm or –0.60%, –0.06 cm or –0.63%, and –0.01 or –0.94%, respectively.  Different from other traits, stem strength showed a significant increasing trend with the breeding period, and the annual genetic gains were 0.03 N or 0.05%.  Correlation analysis showed that lodging index was positively correlated with plant height, height at center of gravity, and length of the basal second internode, but negatively correlated with stem strength.  Meanwhile, significantly positive correlations were observed between plant height, height at center of gravity, and length of the basal first and second internodes.  By comparison with the wild types, dwarfing genes had significant effects on all lodging-related traits studied except for length of the basal first internode and stem strength.  Principle component analysis demonstrated that plant height and stem strength were the most important factors influencing lodging resistance.  Clustering analysis based on the first two principle components further indicated the targets of wheat lodging-resistant breeding have changed from reducing plant height to strengthening stem strength over the breeding periods.  This study indicates that the increase of stem strength is vital to improve lodging resistance in this region under the high-yielding condition when plant height is in an optimal range.
 
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26. Domestication and breeding changed tomato fruit transcriptome 
LIU Dan, YANG Liang, ZHANG Jin-zhe, ZHU Guang-tao, Lü Hong-jun, Lü Ya-qing, WANG Yan-ling, CAO Xue, SUN Tian-shu, HUANG San-wen, WU Yao-yao
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (1): 120-132.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62824-8
摘要250)      PDF    收藏
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) stress resistance and fruit total soluble solid (TSS) content have changed dramatically during selective breeding, and transcriptome variation has played a critical role in this rewiring.  However, the single tomato reference genome impedes characterization of whole-transcriptome variation during domestication and breeding at the population level.  Here, we constructed a pan-transcriptome of orange-stage tomato fruit, and investigated global expression presence/absence variation (ePAV) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) based on RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data from 399 tomato accessions.  A total of 7 181 genes absent from the reference genome were identified, 6 122 of which were ePAV genes during tomato domestication and breeding including resistance genes such as late blight resistance gene PIM_DN29746_c0_g3_i1 and peroxidase P7-like gene PIM_DN30274_c0_g2_i1.  In addition, 3 629 genes were significantly differentially expressed during tomato selection, among which 19 genes were associated with the reduced fruit TSS content of modern tomato cultivars, including LIN5, TIV1, and seven novel sugar transporter genes.  Our results indicate that natural and artificial selection greatly shaped the tomato transcriptome, thereby altering the fruit TSS content and resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses.
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27. Selection for high quality pepper seeds by machine vision and classifiers
TU Ke-ling, LI Lin-juan, YANG Li-ming, WANG Jian-hua, SUN Qun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (09): 1999-2006.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)62031-3
摘要425)      PDF    收藏
This research aimed to improve selection of pepper seeds for separating high-quality seeds from low-quality seeds. Past research has shown that seed vigor is significantly related to the seed color and size, thus several physical features were identified as candidate predictors of high seed quality. Image recognition software was used to automate recognition of seed feature quality using 400 kernels of pepper cultivar 101. In addition, binary logistic regression and a neural network were applied to determine models with high predictive value of seed germination. Single-kernel germination tests were conducted to validate the predictive value of the identified features. The best predictors of seed vigor were determined by the highest correlation observed between the physical features and the subsequent fresh weight of seedlings that germinated from the 400 seeds. Correlation analysis showed that fresh weight was significantly positively correlated with eight physical features: three color features (R, a*, brightness), width, length, projected area, and single-kernel density, and weight. In contrast, fresh weight significantly negatively correlated with the feature of hue. In analyses of two of the highest correlating single features, germination percentage increased from 59.3 to 71.8% when a*≥3, and selection rate peaked at 57.8%. Germination percentage increased from 59.3 to 79.4%, and the selection rate reached 76.8%, when single-kernel weight ≥0.0064 g. The most effective model was based on a multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network, consisting of 15 physical traits as variables, and a stability calculated as 99.4%. Germination percentage in a calibration set of seeds was 79.1% and the selection rate was 90.0%. These results indicated that the model was effective in predicting seed germination based on physical features and could be used as a guide for quality control in seed selection. Automated systems based on machine vision and model classifiers can contribute to reducing the costs and labor required in the selection of pepper seeds.
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28. Accuracy comparison of dry matter intake prediction models evaluated by a feeding trial of lactating dairy cows fed two total mixed rations with different forage source
PAN Xiao-hua, YANG Liang, Yves Beckers, XIONG Ben-hai, JIANG Lin-shu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2017, 16 (04): 921-929.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61483-1
摘要772)      PDF    收藏
Dry matter intake (DMI) prediction models of NRC (2001), Fox et al. (2004) and Fuentes-Pila et al. (2003) were targeted in the present study, and the objective was to evaluate their prediction accuracy with feeding trial data of 32 lactating Holstein cows fed two total mixed rations with different forage source.  Thirty-two cows were randomly assigned to one of two total mixed ration groups: a ration containing a mixed forage (MF) of 3.7% Chinese wildrye, 28.4% alfalfa hay and 26.5% corn silage diet and another ration containing 33.8% corn stover (CS) as unique forage source.  The actual DMI was greater in MF group than in CS group (P=0.064).  The NRC model to predict DMI resulted in the lowest root mean square prediction error for both MF and CS groups (1.09 kg d–1 vs. 1.28 kg d–1) and the highest accuracy and precision based on concordance correlation coefficient for both MF and CS diet (0.89 vs. 0.87).  Except the NRC model, the other two models presented mean and linear biases in both MF and CS diets when prediction residuals were plotted against predicted DMI values (P<0.001).  The DMI variation in MF was caused by week of lactation (55.6%), milk yield (13.9%), milk fat percentage (7.1%) and dietary neutral detergent fiber (13.3%), while the variation in CS was caused by week of lactation (50.9%), live body weight (28.2%), milk yield (8.4%), milk fat percentage (5.2%) and dietary neutral detergent fibre (3.8%).  In a brief, the NRC model to predict DMI is comparatively acceptable for lactating dairy cows fed two total mixed rations with different forage source.
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29. The renewability and quality of shallow groundwater in Sanjiang and Songnen Plain, Northeast China
ZHANG Bing, SONG Xian-fang, ZHANG Ying-hua, HAN Dong-mei, TANG Chang-yuan, YANG Li-hu, WANG Zhong-liang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2017, 16 (01): 229-238.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61349-7
摘要1085)      PDF    收藏
Groundwater is a key component for water resources in Sanjiang and Songnen Plain, an important agriculture basement in China.  The quality and the renewability of irrigation groundwater are essential for the stock raising and agricultural production.  Shallow groundwater was sampled and analyzed for various variables.  The salinity sodium concentration and bicarbonate hazard, were examined with regard to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) irrigation water standards.  The concentration of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) was determined to analyze the age of groundwater.  Most groundwater samples labeled as excellent to good for irrigation with low salinity hazard or medium salinity hazard.  Four groundwater samples were good and suspected for irrigation with high salinity hazard.  Generally groundwater in Sanjiang Plain was younger than the groundwater in Songnen Plain.  Meanwhile, groundwater nearby river is younger than the groundwater further away inside the watershed.  The mean age of groundwater in Sanjiang Plain is in average of 44.1, 47.9 and 32.8 years by CFC-11 (CCl3F), CFC-12 (CCl2F2) and CFC-113 (C2Cl3F3),  respectively.  The mean ages of groundwater in Songnen Plain is in average of 46.1, 53.4, and 40.7 years by CFC-11, CFC-12 and CFC-113, respectively.  Thus, groundwater nearby rivers could be directly exploited as irrigation water.  Partial groundwater has to be processed to lower the salt concentration rather than directly utilized as irrigation water in Songnen Plain.  Both water quality and renewability should be put in mind for sustainable agricultural development and water resources management.
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30. Effects of CO2 enrichment and spikelet removal on rice quality under open-air field conditions
JING Li-quan, WU Yan-zhen, ZHUANG Shi-teng, WANG Yun-xia, ZHU Jian-guo, WANG Yu-long, YANG Lian-xin
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2016, 15 (9): 2012-2022.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(15)61245-X
摘要1368)      PDF    收藏
    The increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration adversely affect several quality traits of rice grains, but the biochemical mechanism remains unclear. The objectives of this study were to determine how changes in the source-sink relationship affected rice quality. Source-sink manipulation was achieved by free-air CO2 enrichment from tillering to maturity and partial removal of spikelet at anthesis using a japonica rice cultivar Wuyunjing 23. Enrichment with CO2 decreased the head rice percentage and protein concentration of milled rice, but increased the grain chalkiness. In contrast, spikelet removal resulted in a dramatic increase in the head rice percentage and protein concentration, and much less grain chalkiness. Neither CO2 enrichment nor spikelet removal affected the starch content, but the distribution of starch granule size showed distinct treatment effects. On average, spikelet removal decreased the percentage of starch granules of diameter >10 and 5–10 μm by 23.6 and 5.6%, respectively, and increased those with a diameter of 2–5 and <2 μm by 4.6 and 3.3%, respectively. In contrast, CO2 elevation showed an opposite response: increasing the proportion of large starch granules (>5 μm) and decreasing that of <5 μm. The starch pasting properties were affected by spikelet removal much more than by CO2 elevation. These results indicated that the protein concentration and starch granule size played a role in chalkiness formation under these experimental conditions.
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