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1. 多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶催化不同儿茶素制备茶褐素及其理化性质和抑菌机理
CHEN Xiao-qiang, LIU Jia-yan, HUANG Xue-jun, WEI Yan-an, SHAO Rui-xiang, CHEN Ting-ting, XIE Jian-chun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (9): 2905-2916.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.07.004
摘要242)      PDF    收藏

茶褐素(TBs)是普洱茶、青砖茶等黑茶的特征性功能与品质成分。茶褐素(TBs)是在黑茶的渥堆发酵加工过程中,茶多酚发生酶促和非酶促氧化聚合反应产生的一类多分子量分布、水溶性的褐色聚合物。一直以来,茶褐素的制备是以黑茶为原料进行提取纯化,但制得的茶褐素含有结合态的多糖、咖啡碱等异质成分,难以除去。分离纯化工艺繁琐,有机溶剂使用多,这使其一直难于产业化。本研究分别以表没食子儿茶素(EGC)、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)、表儿茶素没食子酸酯(ECG)、EGC/EGCG(质量比1:1)、EGCG/ECG(质量比1:1)、EGC/ECG(质量比1:1)、EGC/ECG(质量比1:1)和EGC/EGCG/ECG(质量比1:1:1)为底物,依次经多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)催化制得茶褐素,命名为TBs-dE-1、TBs-dE-2、TBs-dE-3、TBs-dE-4、TBs-dE-5、TBs-dE-6和TBs-dE-7。研究了TBs-dE(1-7)的理化特性和抑菌活性与机理。感官及色差测定表明7个茶褐素样品均显示不同程度的棕褐色色度。pH3.0-9.0的水溶液中的Zeta电位表明,TBs-dE(1-7)带负电荷,电势随pH增大而增大。紫外可见扫描光谱(UV-vis)显示,TBs-dE(1-7)在208 nm和274 nm处有特征吸收峰;傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)表明其为多酚类化合物。TBs-dE(1-7)对大肠杆菌DH 5α(E.coli DH 5α)均具有显著的抑制作用。其中TBs-dE-3的抑菌作用最强(其最小抑菌浓度MIC为1.25 mg/mL,最小杀菌浓度MBC为10 mg/mL),其次是TBs-dE-5、TBs-dE-6。选取这三种TBs-dE进一步探究其抑菌机理。结果表明,TBs-dE通过破坏大肠杆菌的胞外膜,使内容物泄漏,同时增加细胞内活性氧含量,致使因氧化应激引起细胞代谢异常起到抑菌作用。研究结果为茶褐素的产业化制备及产品开发提供理论依据。

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2. Ensemble learning prediction of soybean yields in China based on meteorological data
LI Qian-chuan, XU Shi-wei, ZHUANG Jia-yu, LIU Jia-jia, ZHOU Yi, ZHANG Ze-xi
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (6): 1909-1927.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.02.011
摘要207)      PDF    收藏

准确预测大豆单产对于农业生产、监测和预警具有重要意义。尽管目前有研究已经使用机器学习算法来基于气象数据预测大豆单产,但尚没有充分探讨如何使用不同的模型来有效地将不同地区的大豆气象单产与大豆单产区分开来。此外,综合利用各种机器学习算法的优势与特点以通过集成学习算法提高大豆预测单产精度的研究也不够深入。通过对中国最主要的两个大豆主产区东北地区和黄淮地区,173个县级行政区域和气象观测站跨度34年的单日气象数据和大豆产量数据进行研究与分析,本文采用K近邻(K-Nearest Neighbors, KNN),随机森林(Random Forest, RF)和支持向量机(Support Vector Machine, SVR)作为3个有效的基模型,建立了基于堆栈集成学习框架的高精度、高可靠性大豆气象单产预测模型。通过5折交叉验证进一步提升了模型泛化能力,并利用主成分分析降维和超参数调优对模型进行了优化。利用173个县的5年滑动预测和4种回归指标进行模型精度评价,表明大豆气象单产堆栈集成学习预测模型具有更高的精度和更强的鲁棒性。基于堆栈集成学习框架173个县大豆单产5年滑动估测表明,模型估测效果能够详细反映出大豆单产的时空分布变化情况,MAPE低于5%。大豆气象单产堆栈集成学习预测模型为准确预测大豆单产提供了新的思路。

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3. 优化秸秆隔层措施提高了盐碱土壤剖面中有机碳和全氮含量:基于连续四年的田间试验
CHANG Fang-di, WANG Xi-quan, SONG Jia-shen, ZHANG Hong-yuan, YU Ru, WANG Jing, LIU Jian, WANG Shang, JI Hong-jie, LI Yu-yi
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (6): 1870-1882.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.02.025
摘要219)      PDF    收藏

土壤盐渍化是限制干旱区农业生产的一个重要环境问题。将秸秆深还田至地表下40 cm处形成生物质隔层抑制土壤返盐的有效措施之一然而,不同用量秸秆隔层对盐碱土壤剖面有机碳(SOC)和总氮(TN)的遗留效应的影响尚不明确因此,本研究基于四年(2015-2018年)的不同用量(即061218 Mg·ha-1秸秆隔层处理田间定位试验,分析了秸秆隔层措施对盐碱土壤剖面中有机碳和全氮含量的影响。结果表明:与无秸秆隔层CK)相比,秸秆隔层处理的20-40 cm40-60 cm土层SOC含量分别增加了14-32%11-57%,TN含量分别增加了8-22%和6-34%SOC含量的增幅高于TN含量,从而20-60 cm土层的CN比增加。与CK相比,秸秆隔层处理的20-60 cm土层SOCTN含量的显著增加导致了土壤层化率0-20: 20-60 cm)的下降,促进了SOCTN在土壤剖面上的均匀分布。此外SOCTN含量均随秸秆隔层用量的增加而增加,同时秸秆隔层处理有效的水盐调控效果显著提升向日葵产量。综合比较12 Mg·ha-1的秸秆隔层处理SOCTNC:N比相对较高,土壤层化比率较低。以上结果表明,秸秆隔层措施在改善盐碱地底层土壤肥力方面有很大潜力,其遗留效应至少能维持4

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4. JIA-2021-0475 土壤理化性质、种植模式和地理位置对中国4个玉米主产区土壤原核生物群落的影响
TIAN Xue-liang, LIU Jia-jia, LIU Quan-cheng, XIA Xin-yao, PENG Yong, Alejandra I. HUERTA, YAN Jian-bing, LI Hui, LIU Wen-de
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (7): 2145-2157.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63772-3
摘要225)      PDF    收藏

我们利用宏基因组技术研究了玉米种植模式、土壤性质和地理位置对中国4个玉米主产区土壤原核生物群落的影响。在本研究所有土壤样品中,α-变形菌纲、γ-变形菌纲、β-变形菌纲、芽单胞菌纲、酸杆菌纲和放线菌纲是共同优势原核生物类群。非度量多维尺度法分析发现,原核生物群落划分4个组,且与4个玉米种植区相吻合。冗余分析表明,土壤性质(尤其是pH)、地理位置和种植模式共同影响土壤原核生物群落多样性,而地理位置(纬度)、pH和种植模式影响土壤原核生物功能基因。4个玉米生产区土壤原核生物某些代谢途径中的功能基因丰度差异显著,如微生物-微生物相互作用、芳香化合物降解、原核生物固碳途径和微生物在不同环境中代谢等。总之,土壤pH、种植制度和地理位置三者共同影响了我国4个玉米主产区土壤原核生物群落和功能基因。研究结果有助于深入了解大尺度农业生态系统中土壤原核生物群落的组成和基因功能。


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5. JIA-2021-1826 信息技术在农业社会化服务和氮肥管理中的应用:基于中国小麦种植的案例研究
DING Ji-ping, LI Jing-han, LIU Jia-huan, ZHANG Wei-feng, JIA Xiang-ping
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (6): 1799-1811.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63859-5
摘要230)      PDF    收藏

氮肥在中国的过度使用及其对农业生产的不利影响已在国内和国际引起关注。除公共机构推动的多种促进农业可持续发展的实践外,借助信息通讯技术或数字服务手段推动可持续农业实践的私人部门创新和创业正在崭露头角。本研究探讨了一个创业企业依托信息技术提供农业技术推广服务对农户采用可持续农业实践的影响。结果表明,依托信息技术的农业社会化服务并没有显著减少小麦种植中的氮肥使用量。然而,信息技术在农业社会化服务的使用却促使农民的氮肥施用趋向于可持续和精准施肥。创业企业的此种创业模式在农户参与性和财务可持续性方面面临巨大挑战。


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6. Phenotype and mechanism analysis of plant dwarfing in pear regulated by abscisic acid
LIU Jian-long, ZHANG Chen-xiao, LI Tong-tong, LIANG Cheng-lin, YANG Ying-jie, LI Ding-Li, CUI Zhen-hua, WANG Ran, SONG Jian-kun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (5): 1346-1356.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63786-3
摘要167)      PDF    收藏

本研究以矮化梨品种‘601D’及其突变体‘601T’为材料,研究比较了它们的生物学特性,并进一步探讨了601D的矮化机理。生物学特性表明,601D的节间短,树体短而紧凑,叶片厚而宽,气孔密度低,气孔(直径)大,光合能力强。601T的生物学特性表现出显著的差异。内源激素检测结果表明,601D的脱落酸(ABA)、ABA葡萄糖酯和GA4含量较高,而反式玉米素含量较低。通过转录组学分析,发现ABA的生物合成和代谢途径存在显著差异。相关转录因子如bHLH、WRKY和Homeobox等也参与了植物矮化的调控。因此,我们研究了三种与601T有明显差异的激素,发现只有ABA可以诱导601T恢复矮化植株表型。因此,我们认为601D的矮化是由于ABA的过度积累所致。本研究为矮化品种的选育提供了新的理论依据。


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7. 田间霉变诱发大豆籽粒中贮藏的物质分解并导致大豆品质劣变
DENG Jun-cai, LI Xiao-man, XIAO Xin-li, WU Hai-jun, YANG Cai-qiong, LONG Xi-yang, ZHANG Qi-hui, Nasir Iqbal, WANG Xiao-chun, YONG Tai-wen, DU Jun-bo, YANG Feng, LIU Wei-guo, ZHANG Jing, WU Xiao-ling, WU Yu-shan, YANG Wen-yu, LIU Jiang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (2): 336-350.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63594-8
摘要204)      PDF    收藏

连阴雨天气导致田间湿度增大,诱发田间霉菌的生长繁殖,并侵染农作物导致田间霉变的发生。在大豆生长后期,因连阴雨天气导致的田间霉变严重影响大豆的产量和品质。为探究田间霉变诱导大豆品质劣变的机制,本研究利用人工降雨室模拟连阴雨天气,诱发大豆籽粒田间霉变,结合转录组学和多种代谢检测平台,解析田间霉变胁迫下大豆品质劣变的生化机理。研究结果表明,田间霉变影响大豆的外观品质,霉变大豆籽粒皱缩、变形,并出现霉斑。田间霉变使大豆籽粒中蛋白质、多糖等储藏性物质的含量降低,导致籽粒百粒重显著下降。转录组分析发现,田间霉变使大豆籽粒中氨基酸代谢、糖酵解、三羧酸循环、脂肪酸β氧化等初生代谢过程加强。代谢组分析结果也表明,霉变大豆籽粒中多氨基酸、糖类物质、有机酸的含量显著增加,而脂肪酸的含量显著下降。与此同时,大豆异黄酮作为一重要的抗逆活性物质,其生物合成在转录水平和代谢水平均受到田间霉变的诱导。田间霉变诱发大豆籽粒的防御机制,通过分解和消耗储藏性物质为防御体系的构建提供能量和底物,但储藏性物质的消耗导致大豆品质劣变。本研究为深入了解大豆籽粒田间霉变的机制提供了重要的理论基础,同时也为田间霉变大豆品种筛选指明方向

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8. JIA-20201-1707 秸秆还田条件下稻田氮素径流损失与水稻氮吸收的变化特征
Muhammad Amjad BASHIR, ZHAI Li-mei, WANG Hong-yuan, LIU Jian, Qurat-Ul-Ain RAZA, GENG Yu-cong, Abdur REHIM, LIU Hong-bin
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (11): 3356-3367.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.062
摘要214)      PDF    收藏
秸秆还田被广泛用来提高农田的可持续生产力。但是,秸秆还田随时间变化对稻田氮素径流损失的潜在影响尚需深入研究。本研究于2008到2012年在我国亚热带地区开展了稻麦轮作、稻烟轮作和双季稻种植的田间试验,旨在评估秸秆还田对稻田氮素径流过程、水稻产量、水稻氮素吸收、土壤总氮以及有机质变化的影响。每种种植模式各设置三个等氮施用处理,分别为不施氮肥(CK)、单施化肥氮(CF)以及化肥氮和秸秆氮配施(CFS)。试验结果表明,在双季稻种植模式中,相比于单施化肥氮,秸秆氮部分替代化肥氮减少了稻田中总氮的径流损失。但是,秸秆氮较低的生物可利用性也明显降低了水稻的氮素吸收量。在稻-麦轮作和稻-烟轮作模式下,相比于单施化肥氮,化肥氮和秸秆氮配施反而在短期内使稻田总氮径流损失增加了0.9%-20.2%。但是,连续三年秸秆还田后,稻-麦轮作和稻-烟轮作模式的氮径流损失减少了2.3%-19.3%,这说明秸秆还田对减少稻田总氮损失具备长效性。同时,稻-麦轮作和稻-烟轮作模式的水稻氮素吸收量也增加了0.8%-37.3%。本研究结果表明,短期内秸秆还田对降低氮素损失和提高土壤肥力具有一定的变异性,但是长期秸秆还田具有减少稻田氮素损失和提高土壤地力的潜力。
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9. Expression profiles of Cry1Ab protein and its insecticidal efficacy against the invasive fall armyworm for Chinese domestic GM maize DBN9936
LIANG Jin-gang, ZHANG Dan-dan, LI Dong-yang, ZHAO Sheng-yuan, WANG Chen-yao, XIAO Yu-tao, XU Dong, YANG Yi-zhong, LI Guo-ping, WANG Li-li, GAO Yu, YANG Xue-qing, YUAN Hai-bin, LIU Jian, ZHANG Xiu-jie, WU Kong-ming
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (3): 792-803.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63475-X
摘要164)      PDF    收藏

草地贪夜蛾自2018年12月11日入侵云南后已在我国定殖并形成了周年繁殖区,春夏季将以周年繁殖区为起点向北迁飞。明确其周年发生区域,对指导我国草地贪夜蛾的监测预警及科学防控工作具有重要意义。对冬季草地贪夜蛾在我国热带和亚热带地区的种群动态研究表明,幼虫虫口密度与冬季温度显著正相关,热带地区草地贪夜蛾幼虫种群密度最高,其次为南亚热带地区,而中亚热带北部地区和北亚热带地区未见草地贪夜蛾幼虫发生。研究结果指出草地贪夜蛾在我国1月份等温线10℃以南的热带和南亚热带地区可周年繁殖,该区域包括海南省和台湾省,以及福建、广东、广西、贵州和云南五省的南部区域。该研究明确了草地贪夜蛾的在中国的周年繁殖区域,为该虫区域性监测预警及防控提供了重要依据。


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10. Fertility and biochemical activity in sodic soils 17 years after reclamation with flue gas desulfurization gypsum
ZHAO Yong-gan, WANG Shu-juan, LIU Jia, ZHUO Yu-qun, LI Yan, ZHANG Wen-chao
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (12): 3312-3321.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63446-3
摘要111)      PDF    收藏

以往关于脱硫石膏改良盐碱土壤的效果研究,大多评测其对土壤理化性质的影响。然而,脱硫石膏对土壤微生物指标的影响研究鲜见报道,尤其是在其施用多年之后。为探究脱硫石膏改良盐碱土壤的长期效应,在内蒙古托克托县采集了轻度、中度和重度(碱化度分别为6.1-20%、20-30%和30-78.4%)3种碱化区施用脱硫石膏17年后的剖面(0-40 cm)土样,分析了土壤有机碳、养分、微生物量和酶活性的变化情况。结果表明:与对照(不施用脱硫石膏)处理相比,3种碱化区施用脱硫石膏处理0-20 cm和20-40 cm土壤有机碳含量平均值分别增加了18%和35%,0-20 cm土壤速效钾含量平均值增加了51%,20-40 cm土壤微生物量碳和微生物量氮含量平均值也分别增加了69%和194%。除了重度碱化区外,脱硫石膏处理0-40 cm土壤脲酶活性显著高于对照处理。此外,脱硫石膏处理显著提高了3种碱化区20-40 cm土壤碱性磷酸酶活性,但其对0-20 cm土壤过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性的作用效果参差不齐。皮尔逊相关分析结果显示,土壤肥力和生物活性的提高归功于脱硫石膏施用后降低了土壤电导率、pH和碱化度。由此可见,施用脱硫石膏对土壤肥力和生物活性有积极的影响,有助于土壤生态系统的可持续发展,是一种切实可行的碱土改良方法。


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11. Assembly and co-occurrence patterns of rare and abundant bacterial sub-communities in rice rhizosphere soil under short-term nitrogen deep placement
LI Gui-long, WU Meng, LI Peng-fa, WEI Shi-ping, LIU Jia, JIANG Chun-yu, LIU Ming, LI Zhong-pei
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (12): 3299-3311.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63462-1
摘要133)      PDF    收藏

研究表明氮肥深施能够减少稻田中氮素淋失、提高氮肥利用率;然而,我们对于稻田土壤微生物,特别是微生物中的丰富物种和稀有物种对于氮肥深施的响应知之甚少,而这一过程对于我们理解农业生态系统的生物多样性和功能至关重要。在本研究中,我们利用二代测序技术和生态模型理论,研究了不同氮肥施用条件下水稻根际土壤中丰富和稀有类群在水稻生长4个阶段的多样性模式及其组装机制。结果显示,在水稻根际土壤中丰富物种和稀有物种具有不同的分布模式:丰富物种广泛存在于各样品中,而稀有物种不是普遍存在的。随机过程在丰富菌群和稀有菌群的群落构建过程中均起着主导作用,其中扩散限制在丰富菌群中起着更重要的作用,而漂移等非主导过程在稀有菌群中起着更重要的作用。扩散限制对氮肥深施下丰富物种和稀有物种的影响高于不施氮肥和传统撒施;然而均值扩散对不施氮肥和传统撒施下稀有物种的影响高于氮肥深施处理。网络分析表明,与稀有物种相比,丰富物种相互之间连接紧密且占据网络的中心位置。尽管如此,大部分的关键物种由稀有物种组成,它们可能在维系网络稳定过程中发挥重要作用。总之,我们的研究结果突出了氮肥深施下根际土壤中丰富菌群和稀有菌群生态机制和共发生模式。


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12. Bacterial diversity and community composition changes in paddy soils that have different parent materials and fertility levels
MA Xin-ling, LIU Jia, CHEN Xiao-fen, LI Wei-tao, JIANG Chun-yu, WU Meng, LIU Ming, LI Zhong-pei
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (10): 2797-2806.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63364-0
摘要188)      PDF    收藏

一方面,中国亚热带红壤区水稻土母质和肥力水平多变;另一方面,细菌多样性和群落组成在土壤生态系统过程和功能中发挥关键作用。但是水稻土的母质和肥力对细菌多样性和群落组成的影响如何仍不清楚,不同母质和肥力水平条件下驱动水稻土细菌多样性、群落组成和特异微生物种群变化的关键因素尚不明确。因此,本研究采集亚热带红壤区具有不同母质(第四纪红黏土或第三纪红砂岩)和不同肥力水平(高肥力或低肥力)的典型样地水稻土样品,通过454高通量测序测定细菌16S rRNA基因的V4−V5区,分析细菌多样性指数和群落组成变化。采用two-way ANOVA和two-way PERMANOVA探明母质和肥力对细菌多样性和群落组成的影响;主坐标分析(PCoA)、冗余分析(RDA)和多元回归树分析(MRT)明确细菌群落的变化,以及驱动该变化的关键土壤因子;共现网络分析阐明属水平特异细菌种群和关键土壤因子的关系;宏基因组差异分析工具(STAMP)确定不同土壤样品间差异物种。结果显示,母质和肥力对水稻土细菌多样性指数变化的贡献相似。但是肥力水平对细菌群落组成的影响要远大于母质。土壤因子,特别是土壤质地与细菌多样性指数密切相关。RDA分析发现土壤有机碳(SOC)是影响细菌群落组成的首要因素,并且25.5 g kg−1有机碳含量是驱动高肥力和低肥力土壤细菌群落组成分异的关键阈值。共现网络分析暗示高肥力水平下,由于土壤环境的改善,细菌趋向于合作关系,并且富营养型细菌占主导地位。STAMP分析发现高肥力水稻土中MassiliaRhodanobacter等富营养型细菌大量富集;而低肥力土壤中Anaerolinea等贫营养型细菌占主导。研究结果表明,不同母质和肥力水稻土中,土壤质地影响细菌多样性指数变化;而养分水平,特别是有机碳水平决定细菌群落组成的变化。


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13. Application of Chinese milk vetch affects rice yield and soil productivity in a subtropical double-rice cropping system
CHEN Jing-rui, QIN Wen-jing, CHEN Xiao-fen, CAO Wei-dong, QIAN Guo-min, LIU Jia, XU Chang-xu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (8): 2116-2126.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62858-3
摘要152)      PDF    收藏
Green manure can be used as a substitute for chemical fertilizer without reducing rice yield.  We studied the responses of soil fertility and rice yield to different combinations of Chinese milk vetch (CMV; Astragalus sinicus L.) and chemical fertilizer in a subtropical double-rice cropping system.  Our goal is to reduce chemical fertilizer use and decrease environmental contamination.  Compared with the recommended rate of chemical fertilizer (CF), both early- and late-rice yields in the two treatments supplied with 15 and 22.5 Mg CMV ha–1 plus 60% CF (represented as 60A and 60B, respectively) showed no significant differences while the two treatments supplied with 30 and 37.5 Mg CMV ha–1 plus 60% CF (represented as 60C and 60D, respectively) showed significantly higher values.  The sustainable yield index (SYI) values in the 60C and 60D treatments with double-rice croppong system were significantly higher than those in other treatments (P<0.05).  Early-rice yield showed a significant positive relationship with the Chinese milk vetch incorporation rate.  The coefficients increased annually from 2009 to 2013 and then decreased in 2014.  Soil organic matter increased over time by the end of the experiment in all of the treatment groups.  Soil organic matter in 60A, 60B and 60C showed no significant difference compared with that in CF, while soil organic matter in 60D was significantly higher than that in CF.  The slopes of soil organic matter and total nitrogen over six years were the highest in 60C and 60D.  The soil total nitrogen content in 60A, 60B, 60C and 60D was higher than that in CF, but the differences were not significant (P>0.05).  Therefore, a relatively high Chinese milk vetch incorporation rate (≥30 Mg ha–1) was more effective in improving the productivity and sustainability of paddy soil.  The decreased coefficients of early-rice yield and the Chinese milk vetch incorporation rate in 2014 implied that the benefits of soil fertility and rice yield created by Chinese milk vetch input may decline after five years under a continuously high rate of Chinese milk vetch incorporation.
 
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14. Characteristics and roles of cytochrome b5 in cytochrome P450-mediated oxidative reactions in Locusta migratoria
LIU Jiao, ZHANG Xue-yao, WU Hai-hua, MA Wen, ZHU Wen-ya, Kun-Yan ZHU, MA En-bo, ZHANG Jian-zhen
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (6): 1512-1521.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62827-3
摘要115)      PDF    收藏
Cytochrome b5 (Cyt-b5) is a small heme protein and known to be involved in a wide range of biochemical transformations, including cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP)-mediated metabolism of endogenous and exogenous compounds.  Studies on Cyt-b5 are more concentrated in mammals, but are relatively rare in insects.  The characteristics and function of Cyt-b5 from Locusta migratoria have not been described yet.  We sequenced the full-length cDNA sequence of Cyt-b5 from L. migratoria (LmCyt-b5) by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) based on locust transcriptome database.  The phylogenetic analysis showed that LmCyt-b5 was closely related to the Cyt-b5 from Blattodea.  LmCyt-b5 was highly expressed in ovary, Malpighian tubules, midgut, gastric caeca, and fat bodies.  Silencing of LmCyt-b5 had no effect on the susceptibility of L. migratoria to four different insecticides.  Suppression of LmCyt-b5 or silencing of both LmCyt-b5 and LmCPR did not significantly change the total CYP activity toward the substrate 7-ethoxycoumarin (7-EC).  However, coexpression of LmCYP6FD1 with LmCPR and LmCyt-b5 together in Sf9 cells by using Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system significantly increased the catalytic activity of LmCYP6FD1 toward 7-EC as compared with the coexpression of LmCYP6FD1 with cytochrome P450 reductase (LmCPR) or LmCyt-b5 separately.  These results suggest that LmCyt-b5 plays an important role in the catalytic reaction of LmCYP6FD1 toward 7-EC in our in vitro experiments.  Further study is needed to clarify the role of LmCyt-b5 in CYP-mediated catalytic reactions in L. migratoria.
 
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15. iTRAQ protein profile analysis of soybean stems reveals new aspects critical for lodging in intercropping systems
LIU Wei-guo, WEN Bing-xiao, ZHOU Tao, WANG Li, GAO Yang, LI Shu-xian, QIN Si-si, LIU Jiang, YANG Wen-yu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2019, 18 (9): 2029-2040.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)62123-9
摘要144)      PDF    收藏
Soybean is often intercropped with maize, sugarcane, and sorghum.  Because of the shade coming from the latter, the soybean stem lodging is often a very serious problem in intercropping systems.  The aim of this study is to characterize the possible mechanisms in the stem of shade-induced promotion of seedling soybean lodging in intercropping systems at the proteome level.  We found that the soybean stem became slender and prone to lodging when it was planted with maize in an intercropping system.  The inhibition of lignin biosynthesis and lack of photosynthate (soluble sugar) for the biosynthesis of the cell wall led to the lower internode breaking strength.  A total of 317 proteins were found to be affected in the soybean stem in response to shade.  Under the shade stress, the down-expression of key enzymes involving the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway inhibited lignin biosynthesis.  The up-regulation of expansin and XTHs protein expression relaxed the cell wall and promoted the elongation of internodes.  Although the expression of the enzymes involving sucrose synthesis increased in the soybean stem, the lack of a carbon source prevented rapid stem growth.  This metabolic deficit is the principal cause of the lower cellulose content in the stem of intercropped soybean, which leads to weakened stems and a propensity for lodging.
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16. Is the feminization of labor harmful to agricultural production? The decision-making and production control perspective
LIU Jia-cheng, XU Zhi-gang, ZHENG Qiu-fen, Lillian Hua
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2019, 18 (6): 1392-1401.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62649-3
摘要228)      PDF    收藏
Even today, academics continue to debate the effect of feminization of agricultural labor force on agricultural output.  By considering the dimensions of participation in decision-making and production, this study divides the various agricultural production models into three types: (i) the traditional model of decisions made either jointly by men and women or by men alone while both genders participate in production, (ii) complete feminization of agricultural decision-making and the production labor force, and (iii) feminization of the agricultural production labor force only.  This study investigates the effects of combining or separating decision-making and production in regard to agricultural development in the context of feminization of the agricultural labor force.  Using follow-up data collected from 2004–2008 by the Ministry of Agriculture of China, we built a comprehensive panel data model to test our hypotheses.  Our research shows that in comparison to traditional agricultural households and fully feminized agricultural labor forces, partially feminized production resulted in lower grain yield and technological advancement.  The feminization of agricultural labor does not necessarily have a negative impact on agricultural output, especially since heavy manual labor is being increasingly replaced by agricultural machinery and outsourcing of tasks.  The degree of feminization of the decision-making and production processes should be an important consideration when evaluating the purported negative effects of the feminization of agricultural labor. 
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17. Morphological diversity and correlation analysis of phenotypes and quality traits of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) core collections
ZHANG Da-zhong, Rabia Begum Panhwar, LIU Jia-jia, GONG Xiang-wei, LIANG Ji-bao, LIU Minxuan, LU Ping, GAO Xiao-li, FENG Bai-li
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2019, 18 (5): 958-969.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)61997-5
摘要208)      PDF    收藏
Genetic diversity and comprehensive performance are the basis for the discovery and efficient use of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) core collections.  In this study, 386 proso millet core collections were used as materials to observe inflorescence color, leaf phase, inflorescence density, axis shape, branched spike length, panicle type, trichome, measured area of the top3 leaves, and chlorophyll content of the top3 leaves at filling stage.  These core collections were also used to record growth period, plant height, diameter of main stem, plant tiller number, branch number, panicle length, panicle number per plant, and panicle weight per plant at the maturation stage.  Starch, fat, protein, and yellow pigment contents in the grain and 1 000-seed weight were also measured after harvest.  Then, quantitative traits were used for diversity analysis and comprehensive evaluation of each collection.  Correlations between all traits were also analyzed.  Results showed that among the 8 quality traits, the Shannon index (H´) of hull color was the highest (1.588) followed by the H´ of inflorescence density (0.984).  However, inflorescence color and axis shape were lower.  The H´ of 16 quantitative traits were significantly higher than the quality traits with the following traits having the highest indices: fat content (2.092), 1 000-seed weight (2.073), top3 leaves area (2.070), main stem diameter (2.056), and plant height (2.052).  Furthermore, all other traits had a diversity higher than 1.900.  After a comprehensive evaluation of phenotypic traits, plant height, diameter of main stem, plant tiller number, leaf area of top3 leaves, and 1 000-seed weight were the biggest contributors to the principal components.  Six high-fat and high-protein cultivars, including Nuoshu, A75-2, Zhiduoaosizhi, Panlonghuangmi, Xiaobaishu, and Xiaohongshu were also screened.  Correlations between the quantitative traits were significant, including the correlation between quality traits and quantitative traits.  In conclusion, the core collections can be used as basis for discriminating among proso millet cultivars based on related traits and for further studies on millet with rich genetic diversity, good representation, and significant collection between traits.
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18. Soil application of Trichoderma asperellum GDFS1009 granules promotes growth and resistance to Fusarium graminearum in maize
HE An-le, LIU Jia, WANG Xin-hua, ZHANG Quan-guo, SONG Wei, CHEN Jie
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2019, 18 (3): 599-607.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)62089-1
摘要217)      PDF(pc) (945KB)(226)    收藏
Of diseases affecting maize (Zea mays), Fusarium graminearum is one of the most common pathogenic fungi that cause stalk rot.  In the present study, the Trichoderma asperellum GDFS1009 strain was shown to be an effective biocontrol agent against stalk rot.  In a confrontation culture test, Trichoderma strain displayed an approximately 60% inhibition rate on the mycelial growth of F. graminearum.  In pot trials, the application of 2 g/pot of T. asperellum GDFS1009 granules had the best control effect on stalk rot at the seedling stage (up to 53.7%), while the average plant height and fresh weight were also significantly improved.  Additionally when fertilizer was added at 8 g/pot, the application of 3 g/pot of Trichoderma granules had the best control effect on maize stalk rot (40.95%).  In field trials, when inoculating F. graminearum alone, the disease index for inoculating was 62.45, but only 31.43 after treatment with T. asperellum GDFS1009 granules, suggesting a control efficiency of 49.67%.  Furthermore, in a naturally F. graminearum-infected field, Trichoderma granules, when applied for 3 consecutive years, showed significant control of stalk rot and increased yields.
 
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19. Winter wheat identification by integrating spectral and temporal information derived from multi-resolution remote sensing data
ZHANG Xi-wang, LIU Jian-feng, Zhenyue Qin, QIN Fen
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2019, 18 (11): 2628-2643.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62615-8
摘要132)      PDF    收藏
Timely crop acreage and distribution information are the basic data which drive many agriculture related applications.  For identifying crop types based on remote sensing, methods using only a single image type have significant limitations.  Current research that integrates fine and coarser spatial resolution images, using techniques such as unmixing methods, regression models, and others, usually results in coarse resolution abundance without sufficient detail within pixels, and limited attention has been paid to the spatial relationship between the pixels from these two kinds of images.  Here we propose a new solution to identify winter wheat by integrating spectral and temporal information derived from multi-resolution remote sensing data and determine the spatial distribution of sub-pixels within the coarse resolution pixels.  Firstly, the membership of pixels which belong to winter wheat is calculated using a 25-m resolution resampled Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) image based on the Bayesian equation.  Then, the winter wheat abundance (acreage fraction in a pixel) is assessed by using a multiple regression model based on the unique temporal change features from moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) time series data.  Finally, winter wheat is identified by the proposed Abundance-Membership (AM) model based on the spatial relationship between the two types of pixels.  Specifically, winter wheat is identified by comparing the spatially corresponding 10×10 membership pixels of each abundance pixel.  In other words, this method takes advantage of the relative size of membership in a local space, rather than the absolute size in the entire study area.  This method is tested in the major agricultural area of Yiluo Basin, China, and the results show that acreage accuracy (Aa) is 93.01% and sampling accuracy (As) is 91.40%.  Confusion matrix shows that overall accuracy (OA) is 91.4% and the kappa coefficient (Kappa) is 0.755.  These values are significantly improved compared to the traditional Maximum Likelihood classification (MLC) and Random Forest classification (RFC) which rely on spectral features.  The results demonstrate that the identification accuracy can be improved by integrating spectral and temporal information.  Since the identification of winter wheat is performed in the space corresponding to each MODIS pixel, the influence of differences of environmental conditions is greatly reduced.  This advantage allows the proposed method to be effectively applied in other places.
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20. Shade stress decreases stem strength of soybean through restraining lignin biosynthesis
LIU Wei-guo, Sajad Hussain, LIU Ting, ZOU Jun-lin, REN Meng-lu, ZHOU Tao, LIU Jiang, YANG Feng, YANG Wen-yu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2019, 18 (1): 43-53.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)61905-7
摘要286)      PDF    收藏
Lodging is the most important constraint for soybean growth at seedling stage in maize-soybean relay strip intercropping system.  In the field experiments, three soybean cultivars Nandou 032-4 (shade susceptible cultivar; B1), Jiuyuehuang (moderately shade tolerant cultivar; B2), and Nandou 12 (shade tolerant cultivar; B3) were used to evaluate the relationship between stem stress and lignin metabolism in the stem of soybean.  Results showed that the intercropped soybean was in variable light condition throughout the day time and co-growth stage with maize.  The xylem area and cross section ratio played a main role to form the stem stress.  The B3 both in intercropping and monocropping expressed a high stem stress with higher xylem area, lignin content, and activity of enzymes (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), 4-coumarate: CoA ligase (4CL), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), and peroxidase (POD)) than those of B1 and B2.  Among the soybean cultivars and planting pattern, lignin content was positively correlated with stem stress.  However, a negative correlation was found between lignin content and actual rate of lodging.  In conclusion, the shade tolerant soybean cultivar had larger xylem area, higher lignin content and activities of CAD, 4CL, PAL, and POD than other soybean cultivars in intercropping.  The lodging in maize-soybean intercropping can be minimized by planting shade tolerant and lodging resistant cultivar of soybean.  The lignin content in stem could be a useful indicator for the evaluation of lodging resistance of soybean in intercropping and activities of enzymes were the key factors that influence the lignin biosynthesis.
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21. Rapid mapping of candidate genes for cold tolerance in Oryza rufipogon Griff. by QTL-seq of seedlings
LUO Xiang-dong, LIU Jian, ZHAO Jun, DAI Liang-fang, CHEN Ya-ling, ZHANG Ling, ZHANG Fan-tao, HU Biao-lin, XIE Jian-kun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (2): 265-275.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61712-X
摘要807)      PDF    收藏
Cold stress is a major problem in rice production.  To rapidly identify genes for cold tolerance in Dongxiang wild rice (DWR, Oryza rufipogon Griff.), sequencing-based bulked segregant analysis of QTL-seq method was used to resequence the extremely resistant (R) and susceptible (S) bulks of a backcross inbred lines (BILs) population (derived from Oryza sativa×O. rufipogon) and their parents.  Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)-index graphs and corresponding Δ(SNP-index) graphs (at 99 and 95% confidence levels) for R- and S-bulks detected a total of 2 609 candidate SNPs, including 58 candidate cold-tolerance genes.  Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that 5 out of the 58 candidate genes had significant differences in expression between O. sativa and O. rufipogon.  Structural variation and functional annotations of the 5 candidate genes were also analyzed, and allowed us to identify 2 insertion-deletion (InDel) markers (12-7 and 12-16) that were linked with candidate genes on chromosome 12 in DWR.  These results are helpful for cloning and using cold tolerance genes from common wild rice in cultivated rice.
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22. Suitability of the DNDC model to simulate yield production and nitrogen uptake for maize and soybean intercropping in the North China Plain
ZHANG Yi-tao, LIU Jian, WANG Hong-yuan, LEI Qiu-liang, LIU Hong-bin, ZHAI Li-mei, REN Tian-zhi, ZHANG Ji-zong
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (12): 2790-2801.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)61945-8
摘要285)      PDF(pc) (577KB)(671)    收藏
Intercropping is an important agronomic practice.  However, assessment of intercropping systems using field experiments is often limited by time and cost.  In this study, the suitability of using the DeNitrification DeComposition (DNDC) model to simulate intercropping of maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) and its aftereffect on the succeeding wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop was tested in the North China Plain.  First, the model was calibrated and corroborated to simulate crop yield and nitrogen (N) uptake based on a field experiment with a typical double cropping system.  With a wheat crop in winter, the experiment included five treatments in summer: maize monoculture, soybean monoculture, intercropping of maize and soybean with no N topdressing to maize (N0), intercropping of maize and soybean with 75 kg N ha–1 topdressing to maize (N75), and intercropping of maize and soybean with 180 kg N ha–1 topdressing to maize (N180).  All treatments had 45 kg N ha–1 as basal fertilizer.  After calibration and corroboration, DNDC was used to simulate long-term (1955 to 2012) treatment effects on yield.  Results showed that DNDC could stringently capture the yield and N uptake of the intercropping system under all N management scenarios, though it tended to underestimate wheat yield and N uptake under N0 and N75.  Long-term simulation results showed that N75 led to the highest maize and soybean yields per unit planting area among all treatments, increasing maize yield by 59% and soybean yield by 24%, resulting in a land utilization rate 42% higher than monoculture.  The results suggest a high potential to promote soybean production by intercropping soybean with maize in the North China Plain, which will help to meet the large national demand for soybean.
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23. Effect of shade stress on lignin biosynthesis in soybean stems
LIU Wei-guo, REN Meng-lu, LIU Ting, DU Yong-li, ZHOU Tao, LIU Xiao-ming, LIU Jiang, Sajad Hussain, YANG Wen-yu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (07): 1594-1604.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61807-0
摘要509)      PDF    收藏
To clarify how shade stress affects lignin biosynthesis in soybean stem, two varieties, Nandou 12 (shade tolerant) and Nan 032-4 (shade susceptible) grew under normal light and shade conditions (the photosynthetically active radiation and the ratio of red:far-red were lower than normal light condition).  Lignin accumulation, transcripts of genes involved in lignin biosynthesis, and intermediates content of lignin biosynthesis were analyzed.  Both soybean varieties suffered shade stress had increased plant heights and internode lengths, and reduced stem diameters and lignin accumulation in stems.  The expression levels of lignin-related genes were significantly influenced by shade stress, with interactions between the light environment and variety.  The gene of 3-hydroxylase (C3H), cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR), caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT), and peroxidase (POD) attributed to lignin biosynthesis under shade stress, and the down-regulation of these genes resulted in lower caffeic, sinapic, and ferulic acid levels, which caused a further decrease in lignin biosynthesis.  Under shade stress, the shade tolerant soybean variety (Nandou 12) showed stiffer stems, higher lignin content, and greater gene expression level and higher metabolite contents than shade susceptible one.  So these characteristics could be used for screening the shade-tolerant soybean for intercropping.
 
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24. Maize-soybean strip intercropping: Achieved a balance between high productivity and sustainability
DU Jun-bo, HAN Tian-fu, GAI Jun-yi, YONG Tai-wen, SUN Xin, WANG Xiao-chun, YANG Feng, LIU Jiang, SHU Kai, LIU Wei-guo, YANG Wen-yu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (04): 747-754.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61789-1
摘要1054)      PDF    收藏
Intercropping is one of the most vital practice to improve land utilization rate in China that has limited arable land resource. However, the traditional intercropping systems have many disadvantages including illogical field lay-out of crops, low economic value, and labor deficiency, which cannot balance the crop production and agricultural sustainability. In view of this, we developed a novel soybean strip intercropping model using maize as the partner, the regular maize-soybean strip intercropping mainly popularized in northern China and maize-soybean relay-strip intercropping principally extended in southwestern China. Compared to the traditional maize-soybean intercropping systems, the main innovation of field lay-out style in our present intercropping systems is that the distance of two adjacent maize rows are shrunk as a narrow strip, and a strip called wide strip between two adjacent narrow strips is expanded reserving for the growth of two or three rows of soybean plants.  The distance between outer rows of maize and soybean strips are expanded enough for light use efficiency improvement and tractors working in the soybean strips.  Importantly, optimal cultivar screening and increase of plant density achieved a high yield of both the two crops in the intercropping systems and increased land equivalent ratio as high as 2.2.  Annually alternative rotation of the adjacent maize- and soybean-strips increased the grain yield of next seasonal maize, improved the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potasium of maize, while prevented the continuous cropping obstacles.  Extra soybean production was obtained without affecting maize yield in our strip intercropping systems, which balanced the high crop production and agricultural sustainability.
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25. Optimize nitrogen fertilization location in root-growing zone to increase grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of transplanted rice in subtropical China
WU Meng, LIU Ming, LIU Jia, LI Wei-tao, JIANG Chun-yu, LI Zhong-pei
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2017, 16 (09): 2073-2081.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61544-7
摘要891)      PDF    收藏
The optimized nitrogen fertilization location differs in different rice-growing regions.  We optimized nitrogen deep-point application in root-growing zone (NARZ) for transplanted rice in subtropical China.  Field plot experiments were conducted over two years (2014–2015) in a double-rice cropping system to evaluate the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilizer location on grain yield and N use efficiency (NUE).  Four different nitrogen deep-point application methods (DN) were compared with traditional broadcast application (BN) using granular urea.  The results showed that grain yield,  recovery efficiency of N (REN), agronomic efficiency of N (AEN), and partial factor productivity of N (PFPN) significantly increased 10.3–63.4, 13.7–56.7, 24.7–201.9 and 10.2–63.4%, respectively, in DN treatment compared to BN, respectively.  We also find that DN treatments increased grain yield as well as grain N content, and thus grain quality, in comparison with conventional BN treatment.  Correlation analysis indicated that significant improvement in grain yield and NUE mainly resulted from increases in productive panicle number and grain N content.  In our proposed NARZ method, granular urea should be placed 0 to 5 cm around the rice seeding at a 12-cm depth druing rice transplanting.  In NARZ, balanced application of N, P and K further improved grain yield and NUE over treatments with a single N deep-point application.  High N uptake by the rice plant did not cause significant soil fertility depletion, demonstrating that this method could guarantee sustainable rice production.    
 
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26. Dissection of the genetic architecture for tassel branch number by QTL analysis in two related populations in maize
CHEN Zheng-jie, YANG Cong, TANG Deng-guo, ZHANG Lei, ZHANG Ling, QU Jing-tao, LIU Jian
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2017, 16 (07): 1432-1442.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61538-1
摘要1011)      PDF    收藏
    Tassel branch number (TBN) is the principal component of maize tassel inflorescence architecture and is a typical quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes. The main objective of this research was to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for TBN. The maize inbred line SICAU1212 was used as the common parent to develop BC1S1 and recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations with inbred lines 3237 and B73, respectively. The two related populations consisted of 123 and 238 lines, respectively. Each population was grown and phenotyped for TBN in two environments. Eleven QTLs were detected in the BC1S1 population, located on chromosomes 2, 3, 5, and 7, accounted for 4.45–26.58% of the phenotypic variation. Two QTLs (qB11Jtbn2-1, qB12Ctbn2-1, qBJtbn2-1; q11JBtbn5-1, qB12Ctbn5-1, qBJtbn5-1) that accounted for more than 10% of the phenotypic variation were identified. Three QTLs located on chromosomes 2, 3 and 5, exhibited stable expression in the two environments. Ten QTLs were detected in the RIL population, located on chromosomes 2, 3, 5, 8, and 10, accounted for 2.69–13.58% of the TBN variation. One QTL (qR14Dtbn2-2) explained >10% of the phenotypic variation. One common QTL (qB12Ctbn2-2, qR14Dtbn2-2, qRJtbn2-2) was detected between the two related populations. Three pairs of epistatic effects were identified between two loci with or without additive effects and accounted for 1.19–4.26% of the phenotypic variance. These results demonstrated that TBN variation was mainly caused by major effects, minor effects and slightly modified by epistatic effects. Thus, identification of QTL for TBN may help elucidate the genetic basis of TBN and also facilitate map-based cloning and marker-assisted selection (MAS) in maize breeding programs.
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27. Shade adaptive response and yield analysis of different soybean genotypes in relay intercropping systems
WU Yu-shan, YANG Feng, GONG Wan-zhuo, Shoaib Ahmed, FAN Yuan-fang, WU Xiao-ling, YONG Tai-wen, LIU Wei-guo, SHU Kai, LIU Jiang, DU Jun-bo, YANG Wen-yu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2017, 16 (06): 1331-1340.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61525-3
摘要917)      PDF    收藏
Soybean is one of the major oil seed crops, which is usually intercropped with other crops to increase soybean production area and yield.  However, soybean is highly sensitive to shading.  It is unclear if soybean morphology responds to shading (i.e., shade tolerance or avoidance) and which features may be suitable as screening materials in relay strip intercropping.  Therefore, in this study, various agronomic characteristics of different soybean genotypes were analyzed under relay intercropping conditions.  The soybean materials used in this study exhibited genetic diversity, and the coefficient of variations of the agronomic parameters ranged from 13.84 to 72.08% during the shade period and from 6.44 to 52.49% during the maturity period.  The ratios of shading to full irradiance in stem mass fraction (SMF) were almost greater than 1, whereas opposite results were found in the leaves.  Compared with full irradiance, the average stem length (SL), leaf area ratio (LAR) and specific leaf area (SLA) for the two years (2013 and 2014) increased by 0.78, 0.47 and 0.65 under shady conditions, respectively.  However, the stem diameter (SD), total biomass (TB), leaf area (LA), number of nodes (NN) on the main stem, and number of branches (BN) all decreased.  During the shady period, the SL and SMF exhibited a significant negative correlation with yield, and the SD exhibited a significant positive correlation with yield.  The correlation between the soybean yield and agronomic parameters during the mature period, except for SL, the first pod height (FPH), 100-seed weight (100-SW), and reproductive growth period (RGP), were significant (P<0.01), especially for seed weight per branch (SWB), pods per plant (PP), BN, and vegetative growth period (VGP).  These results provide an insight into screening the shade tolerance of soybean varieties and can be useful in targeted breeding programs of relay intercropped soybeans.  
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28. QTL mapping for leaf area in maize (Zea mays L.) under multi-environments
CUI Ting-ting, HE Kun-hui, CHANG Li-guo, ZHANG Xing-hua, XUE Ji-quan, LIU Jian-chao
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2017, 16 (04): 800-808.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61524-1
摘要1119)      PDF    收藏
Leaves are the main organs of photosynthesis in green plants.  Leaf area plays a vital role in dry matter accumulation and grain yield in maize (Zea mays L.).  Thus, investigating the genetic basis of leaf area will aid efforts to breed maize with high yield.  In this study, a total of 150 F7 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between the maize lines Xu 178 and K12 were used to evaluate three ear-leaves area (TELA) under multi-environments.  Inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM) was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for TELA under a single environment and estimated breeding value (EBV).  A total of eight QTLs were detected under a single environmental condition, and four QTLs were identified for EBV which also can be detected in single environment.  This indicated that the EBV-detected QTLs have high genetic stability.  A major QTL (qTELA_2-9) located in chromosome bin 2.04/2.05 could be detected in four environments and has a high phenotypic contribution rate (ranging from 10.79 to 16.51%) that making it a good target for molecular breeding.  In addition, joint analysis was used to reveal the genetic basis of leaf area in six environments.  In total, six QTL×environment interactions and nine epistatic interactions were identified.  Our results reveal that the genetic basis of the leaf area is not only mainly determined by additive effects, but also affected by epistatic effects environmental interaction effects.
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29. Perspective of Chinese GF-1 high-resolution satellite data in agricultural remote sensing monitoring
ZHOU Qing-bo, YU Qiang-yi, LIU Jia, WU Wen-bin, TANG Hua-jun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2017, 16 (02): 242-251.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61479-X
摘要1119)      PDF    收藏
High-resolution satellite data have been playing an important role in agricultural remote sensing monitoring.  However, the major data sources of high-resolution images are not owned by China.  The cost of large scale use of high resolution imagery data becomes prohibitive.  In pace of the launch of the Chinese “High Resolution Earth Observation Systems”, China is able to receive superb high-resolution remotely sensed images (GF series) that equalizes or even surpasses foreign similar satellites in respect of spatial resolution, scanning width and revisit period.  This paper provides a perspective of using high resolution remote sensing data from satellite GF-1 for agriculture monitoring.  It also assesses the applicability of GF-1 data for agricultural monitoring, and identifies potential applications from regional to national scales.  GF-1’s high resolution (i.e., 2 m/8 m), high revisit cycle (i.e., 4 days), and its visible and near-infrared (VNIR) spectral bands enable a continuous, efficient and effective agricultural dynamics monitoring.  Thus, it has gradually substituted the foreign data sources for mapping crop planting areas, monitoring crop growth, estimating crop yield, monitoring natural disasters, and supporting precision and facility agriculture in China agricultural remote sensing monitoring system (CHARMS).  However, it is still at the initial stage of GF-1 data application in agricultural remote sensing monitoring.  Advanced algorithms for estimating agronomic parameters and soil quality with GF-1 data need to be further investigated, especially for improving the performance of remote sensing monitoring in the fragmented landscapes.  In addition, the thematic product series in terms of land cover, crop allocation, crop growth and production are required to be developed in association with other data sources at multiple spatial scales.  Despite the advantages, the issues such as low spectrum resolution and image distortion associated with high spatial resolution and wide swath width, might pose challenges for GF-1 data applications and need to be addressed in future agricultural monitoring.
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30. The variation of NAD+-SDH gene in mutant white-fleshed loquat
LI Jing, WANG Yong-qing, CHEN Dong, TU Mei-yan, XIE Hong-jiang, JIANG Guo-liang, LIU Jia, SUN Shu-xia
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2016, 15 (8): 1744-1750.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(15)61297-7
摘要1833)      PDF    收藏
   Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) can be divided into yellow- and white-fleshed cultivars by flesh color. However, a Dongting loquat mutant, which involved bud sport and growing white-fleshed fruit in the central region of the trunk (as wild loquat bears yellow-fleshed fruits naturally), was discovered in the preliminary study. The study cloned the coding sequence (CDS) of NAD+-dependent sorbitol dehydrogenase (NAD+-SDH ) gene from the selected materials of mutant loquat, wild loquat and other nine loquat cultivars/accessions, and found that the CDS of NAD+-SDH gene from the mutant loquat, other than the rest two types of materials, had three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) loci; in addition, the amino acid encoded at variation loci changed accordingly. NAD+-SDH plays an active role in converting sorbitol into fructose in loquat cultivars. For the mutant white-fleshed loquat, the activity of NAD+-SDH rises first and then drops, the sorbitol content decreases steadily, and its fructose content is higher than that in wild loquat from coloration to maturation stage. As demonstrated by the real-time fluorescence quantification PCR analysis, the expression level of NAD+-SDH gene at maturation stage is about 5-fold lower than wild type. It may be assumed that, the three SNPs loci might lead to excessive conversion of sorbitol into fructose under the catalytic action of NAD+-SDH of white-fleshed mutant loquat at maturation stage, resulting in the increase of fructose content and reduced expression abundance of mRNA after transcription. Besides, NAD+-SDH gene may be related to flesh color and carbohydrate variation of white-fleshed mutant loquat.
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