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1. 两种不同类型苹果品种在果实发育和成熟过程中细胞壁变化的比较
LI Xiang-lu, SU Qiu-fang, JIA Rong-jian, WANG Zi-dun, FU Jiang-hong, GUO Jian-hua, YANG Hui-juan, ZHAO Zheng-yang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (9): 2705-2718.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.07.019
摘要223)      PDF    收藏

果实的发育和成熟是一个复杂的过程(Malus×domestica Borkh.)许多因素都可以影响该过程,如细胞结构、细胞壁成分和细胞壁水解酶等。本文研究了硬脆和松脆两种不同类型苹果品种果实发育过程中果实硬度、细胞壁形态和成分、细胞壁水解酶活性及相关基因表达模式的变化,旨在找出不同类型品种间质地变化的原因。细胞壁物质(CWMs)、半纤维素和纤维素含量与果实硬度的变化密切相关。4个品种的水溶性果胶(WSP)和共价结合型果胶(CSP)含量逐渐升高,而离子型果胶(ISP)含量变化趋势不一致。4个品种的多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)、β-半乳糖苷酶(β-gal)、纤维素酶(CEL)和果胶裂解酶(PL)活性逐渐升高。随着果实发育,‘富士’和‘蜜脆’果实中PGβ-galCEL的活性较高,而‘富士’和‘蜜脆’果实中PL的活性低于‘爱妃’和‘魔笛’。随着果实的发育,四个品种的果实细胞逐渐变大,细胞排列更松散,细胞间隙更大。qRT-PCR结果显示MdACO1Mdβ-gal的相对表达量明显升高。研究表明,两种不同类型的苹果品种在ISP和半纤维素含量、PL活性和Mdβ-gal相对表达量上存在较大差异,这些差异可能是造成4个品种质地差异的原因。

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2. 鉴定新型反义长链非编码RNA APMAP-AS调节猪脂肪生成分化和炎症反应
ZHANG Lin-zhen, HE Li, WANG Ning, AN Jia-hua, ZHANG Gen, CHAI Jin, WU Yu-jie, DAI Chang-jiu, LI Xiao-han, LIAN Ting, LI Ming-zhou, JIN Long
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (8): 2483-2499.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.11.005
摘要208)      PDF    收藏

脂肪沉积是猪最重要的经济性状之一,是猪遗传学研究和育种工作中关注的焦点,其分子调控机制一直被视为猪分子育种重要研究内容。猪的生理结构、器官大小、代谢特征以及脂肪的生理解剖位置与人类更为相似,脂肪易沉积、易解剖和易获取,这使得猪成为研究不同内脏脂肪组织结构与功能的理想选择。长链非编码RNA (long non-coding RNA, lncRNA)是一类具有重要基因调控功能的RNA分子,在多种生物学过程中起着重要作用。随着对lncRNAs研究的深入,人们发现它不仅影响脂肪细胞的合成,还对脂肪过度沉积伴随的肥胖和代谢综合征相关的全身低度炎症具有调节作用。然而,lncRNAs对猪的内脏脂肪组织沉积过程中的调控作用还有待进行进一步研究。因此,本研究以成年雌性巴马猪(2年)为研究对象,分两组进行基础饮食和高脂饮食饲喂后,通过转录组测序技术对两组个体的内脏脂肪(腹膜后脂肪)进行测序。通过分析两组样本的测序数据,筛选了差异表达的lncRNAs,在细胞水平上进行lncRNAs的功能验证。在这里,我们在猪的基因组中发现了一个新的反义转录物,命名为APMAP-AS,由脂肪细胞膜相关蛋白(APMAP)转录而成。与对照组猪相比,APMAP-ASAPMAP在肥胖猪的腹膜后脂肪中高度表达。利用猪骨髓间质干细胞的脂肪分化模型,我们发现APMAP-AS对脂肪形成成分化有积极的调节作用。同时,APMAP-AS促进了脂质代谢并抑制了炎症因子的表达。APMAP-AS有可能与APMAP形成一个RNA-RNA双链,并增加APMAP mRNA的稳定性,从而起到正向调控猪体内APMAP表达的作用。这些结果表明,APMAP-AS通过顺式作用调节APMAP基因的表达,从而影响脂肪沉积、脂质代谢和巴马猪腹膜后脂肪组织的免疫反应。APMAP-AS是一种适应性机制,在肥胖期间促进脂肪组织的健康重塑并维持代谢平衡。这些与脂质合成相关的调控基因的天然反义转录物的发现,可能会进一步加深我们对lncRNAs在驱动适应性脂肪组织重塑和维护代谢健康方面的理解。

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3. Influence of two-stage harvesting on the properties of cold-pressed rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) oils
NING Ning, HU Bing, BAI Chen-yang, LI Xiao-hua, KUAI Jie, HE Han-zi, REN Yi-lin, WANG Bo, JIA Cai-hua, ZHOU Guang-sheng, ZHAO Si-ming
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (1): 265-278.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.09.015
摘要165)      PDF    收藏

收获过程是油菜(Brassica napus L.)生产的重要环节,籽粒产量、菜籽油品质及产业效益皆因收获方式的不同而异。本文通过人工模拟联合收割和两段式收割,对比分析了黄冈和襄阳收获的两个油菜品种压榨菜籽油的色泽、过氧化值(POV)、生育酚含量、脂肪酸组成和极性总多酚(PTP)含量的变化情况,以期考察收获方式对压榨菜籽油品质的影响。结果表明,两种收获方式所制备菜得籽油品质存在显著差异。联合收获方式制备压榨菜籽油的R值、过氧化值、总生育酚含量、亚油酸含量、亚麻酸含量、极性总酚含量较分段收获方式分别低约27.6%5.7%15.8%2.0%0.5%28.6%,襄阳和华油杂62在两个地区和品种中表现较好。综上所述,联合收获适宜时间为终花后38-41天左右进行,分段收获在终花后35天左右,后熟6天得到的压榨菜籽油品质更佳。

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4. JIA-2021-0392 梨早期落叶性状评价及基于转录组的抗性基因鉴定
SHAN Yan-fei, LI Meng-yan, WANG Run-ze, LI Xiao-gang, LIN Jing, LI Jia-ming, ZHAO Ke-jiao, WU Jun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (1): 120-138.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.040
摘要303)      PDF    收藏
梨早期落叶现象通常发生在夏季,已逐渐成为威胁我国南方梨产业发展的重要问题。然而,不同梨品种资源的早期落叶性状缺乏系统的评价,且调控梨早期落叶性状的基因及其潜在的分子机制尚未明确。本研究通过对155份梨种质资源的田间调查,评价其对早期落叶的抗病或感病表现。结果表明,126份梨种质资源表现出对早期落叶的感病性,其余29份梨种质资源表现出对早期落叶的抗病性,其中19份抗性种质资源属于砂梨。为鉴定与梨早期落叶相关的抗性基因,分别采集了抗病品种‘华山’与感病品种‘翠冠’的健康叶片及感病叶片,进行RNA测序和基因表达差异比较。分析结果表明,与感病品种‘翠冠’相比,有444个基因仅在抗病品种‘华山’的健康叶片与感病叶片中差异表达;GO功能富集与KEGG代谢途径富集分析结果表明,梨早期落叶与胁迫响应密切相关。进一步的基因共表达网络分析发现,WRKY、ERF转录因子与梨早期落叶抗性高度相关。本研究不仅筛选出了梨早期落叶抗性资源,也鉴定了梨早期落叶抗性响应的重要候选基因,相关结果为促进梨抗病分子机制解析及抗性品种的分子育种奠定了基础。
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5. JIA-2021-1043 转录组分析解析转人FST基因猪表型变化的分子机制
LONG Ke-ren, LI Xiao-kai, ZHANG Ruo-wei, GU Yi-ren, DU Min-jie, XING Xiang-yang, DU Jia-xiang, MAI Miao-miao, WANG Jing, JIN Long, TANG Qian-zi, HU Si-lu, MA Ji-deng, WANG Xun, PAN Deng-ke, LI Ming-zhou
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (9): 2675-2690.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.07.014
摘要325)      PDF    收藏

本研究制备了在骨骼肌组织中特异表达人FST基因的转基因(TG)猪,并进行了表型鉴定。相较于野生型(WT)猪,TG猪骨骼肌重量显著增加(P<0.05),脂肪沉积显著减少(P<0.05),代谢状态显著改善(P<0.05)。根据表型变化,利用RNA-seq技术对WT猪和TG猪的骨骼肌(酵解型:背最长肌,氧化型:腰大肌)、白色脂肪(皮下脂肪:背部皮下脂肪,内脏脂肪:腹膜后脂肪)和肝脏共6个组织进行了转录组比较分析。结果表明,PIK3-AKT信号通路、钙离子信号通路及氨基酸代谢通路在FST诱导的骨骼肌肥大中具有重要作用;MYH7基因(决定I型肌纤维)表达量的相对比例在TG猪腰大肌中显著减低,氧化磷酸化和脂肪酸代谢等相关信号通路也在TG猪腰大肌中显著下调;相较于WT猪,TG猪脂肪中的AMPK信号通路、脂代谢相关通路发生显著变化,脂质合成、脂质分解及脂质储存相关基因表达量在皮下脂肪中显著降低,脂质分解相关基因表达量在腹膜后脂肪组织中显著升高。肝脏组织中,TGF-β信号通路相关基因在TG猪中显著下调。这些结果将有助于理解卵泡抑素引起猪表型变化的分子机制,为该候选靶点进一步在分子育种中的应用提供了基础数据。


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6. JIA-2021-1615 
Carlos Kwesi TETTEY, YAN Zhi-yong, MA Hua-yu, ZHAO Mei-sheng, GENG Chao, TIAN Yan-ping, LI Xiang-dong
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (9): 2641-2651.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.07.020
摘要281)      PDF    收藏

本研究中,我们首先测定了中国山东省潍坊市番茄果实采集到的ToMMV山东分离物(ToMMV-SD)的症状特点和基因组特性。ToMMV-SD在番茄叶片上引起严重的花叶、斑驳和坏死,在果实上引起黄斑和坏死斑。ToMMV-SD全长基因组包括6399个核苷酸(登录号:NW373515),在基因组水平上与美国分离物SC13-051一致率最高,为99.5%。构建的ToMMV-SD侵染性克隆在本氏烟(Nicotiana benthamiana)叶片引起明显的花叶和坏死。ToMMV-SD可侵染一些含有抗性基因Tm-22的商业化番茄品种和含有抗性基因L的辣椒品种。茄子(Solanum melongena)和大白菜(Brassica pekinensis)表现斑驳症状,中烟100(N. tabacum cv. Zhongyan 100)表现为无症侵染。ToMMV-SD不能侵染小白菜(Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis)、萝卜(Raphanus sativus)、原种28-2豇豆(Vigna unguiculata cv. Yuanzhong 28-2)、含有N基因的珊西烟(N. tabacum cv. Xanthi NN)和Tm-22转基因本氏烟。建立的五重RT-PCR系统能够将ToMMV与番茄花叶病毒、番茄褐色皱果病毒、烟草花叶病毒和番茄斑萎病毒区分,检测下限达到0.02 pg。这些结果对ToMMV的快速诊断和防控具有积极作用


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7. JIA-2021-2227 基于全基因组的mRNA和miRNA转录组分析为黄瓜花冠开放 调控机制提供新的见解
SONG Xiao-fei, GE Dan-feng, XIE Yang, LI Xiao-li, SUN Cheng-zhen, CUI Hao-nan, ZHU Xue-yun, LIU Ren-yi, YAN Li-ying
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (9): 2603-2614.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.07.024
摘要215)      PDF    收藏

为探究黄瓜超级子房花冠开放的分子机制,本研究对超级子房和正常子房花冠发育过程中的mRNA和miRNA进行了测序分析。从4个发育时期共鉴定出234个差异表达miRNAs (DEMs)和291个差异表达靶基因(DE-target genes),其中以黄蕾期的DEMs最多。另外,受5个以上DEMs调控的靶基因有30个,其中CsHD-Zip受28个DEMs调控,其次是DD2X为18个。miRNA_104、miRNA_157、miRNA_349、miRNA_242和miRNA_98在花冠发育过程中表达模式相近,且具有相同的靶基因CsCuRX。此外,通过qRT-PCR进一步对几个关键的候选DEMs及其靶基因进行了验证分析,结果表明miRNA_157-CsCuRX、miRNA_411-CsGH3.6miRNA_161/297/257-CsHD-Zip可能与黄瓜超级子房花冠开放有关


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8. JIA-2021-0196条带深旋耕与控释尿素互作提高玉米产量和氮素利用效率
HAN Yu-ling, GUO Dong, MA Wei, GE Jun-zhu, LI Xiang-ling, Ali Noor MEHMOOD, ZHAO Ming, ZHOU Bao-yuan
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (9): 2559-2576.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.07.009
摘要220)      PDF    收藏

本研究利用华北平原2年的田间定位试验,研究了条带深旋耕和控释尿素耦合对玉米产量和氮素利用效率的影响,及其氮素积累和产量形成的相关生理过程。与常规旋耕(RT)和免耕(NT)比,由于条带深旋耕(ST)使0-40 cm土层的土壤容重分别降低了10.5%和13.7%,从而显著提高了20-40 cm土层的土壤含水量和土壤矿质氮含量。与普通尿素(CU)比,控释尿素(CR)使开花期和成熟期0-40 cm土层的土壤矿质氮含量分别提高了12.4%和10.3%。因此,ST和CR显著提高了玉米根长和氮素总积累量,从而促进了叶片面积和干物质积累(特别是花后干物质积累)的增加,最终提高了玉米千粒重。ST处理产量比RT和NT处理分别提高了8.3%和11.0%,CR处理产量比CU处理提高8.9%。由于ST和CR耦合处理产量和氮素积累量的增加,显著提高了玉米氮素利用效率。综述可知,ST与CR结合可以通过改善土壤理化特性和氮素供应,进一步提高玉米产量和氮素利用效率,该措施可作为华北平原以及世界上其他类似地区的促进玉米可持续生产发展的有效措施


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9. Nitrogen application affects maize grain filling by regulating grain water relations
WU Ya-wei, ZHAO Bo, LI Xiao-long, LIU Qin-lin, FENG Dong-ju, LAN Tian-qiong, KONG Fan-lei, LI Qiang, YUAN Ji-chao
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (4): 977-994.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63589-4
摘要292)      PDF    收藏

籽粒水分关系在玉米籽粒灌浆过程中起着重要作用。本试验以不同氮效率的杂交种为材料,在不同氮肥水平下了解玉米籽粒干重和水分关系的变化。本研究的目的是:1)了解不同施氮量对籽粒发育过程中干物质和含水率的影响,2)确定施氮是否通过调节籽粒水分关系的变化来影响籽粒灌浆。两个玉米杂交种,氮高效品种ZH311和氮低效品种XY508,在三个生长季,四种氮肥水平下生长:0、150、300和450kg N ha-1。研究了基-中粒和顶粒的干重、含水率和含水量。玉米穗基-中粒和顶粒的最大灌浆速率和灌浆持续时间的差异导致最终粒重的显著差异。籽粒位置显著影响籽粒的干燥,顶粒的干燥速率比基-中粒的干燥速率快。基因型和粒位都影响施氮量对籽粒灌浆和干燥的影响。施氮量决定了籽粒灌浆中后期最大籽粒含水量和含水率的损失速率,从而影响最终粒重。氮高效杂交种的使用,结合氮肥施用量的减少,可以在保证产量的基础上,协调基-中粒和顶粒的干燥。这种管理策略可能会带来双赢的局面,即最大玉米产量、高效的机械收获和环境安全同时得到提高。


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10. Transcriptome and phytochemical analyses reveal roles of characteristic metabolites in the taste formation of white tea during withering process
ZHOU Cheng-zhe, ZHU Chen, LI Xiao-zhen, CHEN Lan, XIE Si-yi, CHEN Guang-wu, ZHANG Huan, LAI Zhong-xiong, LIN Yu-ling, GUO Yu-qiong
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (3): 862-877.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63785-1
摘要271)      PDF    收藏

萎凋是赋予白茶醇和、鲜爽及甘甜滋味的一道不可或缺的加工工序。本文旨在明确白茶萎凋过程中主要代谢物的变化规律,并阐明调控白茶特有风味形成的关键差异表达基因(DEGs)。生化成分分析结果表明,萎凋过程中,总儿茶素和淀粉含量持续下降,而茶黄素、γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)、麦芽糖和可溶性糖的含量显著增加。同时,α-淀粉酶(AMY)、β-淀粉酶(BAM)、总淀粉酶和谷氨酸脱羧酶(GAD)活性的升高可能与GABA和麦芽糖的积累有关。转录组测序结果表明与0 h样品(鲜叶)相比,萎凋12 h、24 h、36 h和48 h分别检测到9707、15921、17353和17538个DEGs。儿茶素生物合成相关基因的转录水平显著降低,而儿茶素氧化相关基因的转录水平显著升高,可能与儿茶素含量降低而茶黄素含量增加有关。参与GABA生物合成的DEGs显着上调,SPMS的下调可以减少将亚精胺转化为GABA的竞争。AMY和BAM基因的上调可引发淀粉降解,进而导致可溶性糖含量增加。研究结果为进一步了解萎凋工序对白茶特征风味形成的重要性提供了新的见解。


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11. TUTOU2,决定水稻突变体tutou2的穗顶端退化表型
ZHU Zi-chao, LUO Sheng, LEI Bin, LI Xian-yong, CHENG Zhi-jun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (3): 621-630.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63447-5
摘要162)      PDF    收藏

水稻顶端小穗退化是重要的农艺性状,它引起颖花数减少,造成产量损失。为进一步理解其分子机制,我们从组织培养后代中得到1个隐性穗顶部退化突变体tutou2。利用图位克隆将候选基因定位在第10染色体长臂约75kb区间内。测序发现,在该区域内突变体基因LOC_Os10g31910的第2外显子第941位碱基发生了A→T碱基变化,导致编码氨基酸由异亮氨酸变为苯丙氨酸。互补实验能够使tutou2突变体的表型恢复正常,敲除LOC_Os10g31910也能够获得tutou2突变体同样的表型。这说明:LOC_Os10g31910是引起突变体tutou2穗顶部退化的基因TUTOU2。尽管TUTOU2很可能与已报道的叶片早衰基因DEL1等位,但突变体del1tutou2之间的表型差异说明DEL1/TUTOU2同时在水稻叶片和穗发育中发挥作用,这在目前还没有充分研究过。

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12. 田间霉变诱发大豆籽粒中贮藏的物质分解并导致大豆品质劣变
DENG Jun-cai, LI Xiao-man, XIAO Xin-li, WU Hai-jun, YANG Cai-qiong, LONG Xi-yang, ZHANG Qi-hui, Nasir Iqbal, WANG Xiao-chun, YONG Tai-wen, DU Jun-bo, YANG Feng, LIU Wei-guo, ZHANG Jing, WU Xiao-ling, WU Yu-shan, YANG Wen-yu, LIU Jiang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (2): 336-350.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63594-8
摘要204)      PDF    收藏

连阴雨天气导致田间湿度增大,诱发田间霉菌的生长繁殖,并侵染农作物导致田间霉变的发生。在大豆生长后期,因连阴雨天气导致的田间霉变严重影响大豆的产量和品质。为探究田间霉变诱导大豆品质劣变的机制,本研究利用人工降雨室模拟连阴雨天气,诱发大豆籽粒田间霉变,结合转录组学和多种代谢检测平台,解析田间霉变胁迫下大豆品质劣变的生化机理。研究结果表明,田间霉变影响大豆的外观品质,霉变大豆籽粒皱缩、变形,并出现霉斑。田间霉变使大豆籽粒中蛋白质、多糖等储藏性物质的含量降低,导致籽粒百粒重显著下降。转录组分析发现,田间霉变使大豆籽粒中氨基酸代谢、糖酵解、三羧酸循环、脂肪酸β氧化等初生代谢过程加强。代谢组分析结果也表明,霉变大豆籽粒中多氨基酸、糖类物质、有机酸的含量显著增加,而脂肪酸的含量显著下降。与此同时,大豆异黄酮作为一重要的抗逆活性物质,其生物合成在转录水平和代谢水平均受到田间霉变的诱导。田间霉变诱发大豆籽粒的防御机制,通过分解和消耗储藏性物质为防御体系的构建提供能量和底物,但储藏性物质的消耗导致大豆品质劣变。本研究为深入了解大豆籽粒田间霉变的机制提供了重要的理论基础,同时也为田间霉变大豆品种筛选指明方向

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13. JIA-2022-0420 冬枣质地评价指标的筛选研究
KONG Xia-bing, XU Min, WAN Hao-liang, HAN Ling-xi, LIU Xiao-li, LI Qing-jun, HAO Bian-qing, ZHANG Shao-jun, LI Xiao-ming, LIU Yi-hui, NIE Ji-yun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (12): 3658-3668.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.09.007
摘要262)      PDF    收藏

冬枣Ziziphus jujuba cv. Dongzao是中国优良的晚熟鲜食枣品种。质地是水果的重要感官品质指标。为探究冬枣质地指标间的关系,建立冬枣质地品质评价体系,采用TMS-Touch质地多面分析法(TPA)对采自中国三大主产区的1150个冬枣果实进行8项质地指标测定,包括胶粘性咀嚼性、内聚性、粘附性、破裂力、弹性、硬度和最大粘附力,其最佳拟合分布分别为弹性—Beta General分布,咀嚼性、胶粘性和硬度—Inv Gauss分布,粘附性和内聚性—Log Logistic分布,破裂力—Pearson分布,最大粘附力—Weibull分布。每项冬枣质地指标均可基于最佳拟合分布,用第10307090百分位点值划分为极低、低、中、高和极高五个等级。相关分析显示,冬枣质地指标间的28个相关系数中,82%的相关系数达到极显著(p<0.01)。其中,咀嚼性与弹性和胶粘性均呈极显著正相关,相关系数分别达0.86920.8096;粘附性与最大粘附力呈极显著负相关,相关系数为-0.7569。在胶粘性、咀嚼性、内聚性、弹性、硬度等5项冬枣质地指标中,各指标均存在关于其余4项指标的多元线性回归方程,决定系数均在0.94以上,平均拟合误差和平均预测误差均小于10%。基于因子分析建立了冬枣质地综合评价模型:Q = 0.370C1 + 0.251C2 + 0.241C3 + 0.138C4,综合得分较高的冬枣果实表现为较高的弹性和咀嚼性,以及较低的最大粘附力和粘附性。通过因子分析和聚类分析,可将8项冬枣质地指标分为4组(内聚因子、粘附因子、梗硬因子和酥脆因子),其代表性指标分别为弹性、粘附性、硬度和破裂力。本研究探讨了冬枣果实8项质地指标及其相互关系,筛选出了代表性指标,并建立了冬枣果实质地评价体系。研究结果可为冬枣质地评价提供方法依据和技术支撑。

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14. 高粱JAZ基因家族全基因组鉴定及其在非生物胁迫下的表达模式分析
DU Qiao-li, FANG Yuan-peng, JIANG Jun-mei, CHEN Mei-qing, LI Xiang-yang, XIE Xin
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (12): 3540-3555.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.104
摘要351)      PDF    收藏

JAZThe jasmonate ZIM domain)蛋白属于TIFY(TIF[F/Y]XG)家族,它是由植物特异性蛋白组成,在植物生长发育和防御反应中具有十分重要的作用。然而,对于高粱JAZ家族基因植物响应非生物胁迫的机制尚不清楚。本研究采用隐马尔可夫模型,在高粱中共鉴定到17JAZ基因。此外,采用实时荧光定量PCR (RT-qPCR) 对高粱JAZ基因在非生物胁迫下的表达模式进行分析。系统发育分析表明,高粱JAZ蛋白主要分为9个亚家族,启动子区包含多种类型的启动子顺式作用元件,表明JAZ蛋白在植物的胁迫响应中起作用。RT-qPCR结果显示SbJAZ家族基因的表达具有组织特异性,在冷、热、聚乙二醇、茉莉酸、脱落酸和赤霉素处理下,SbJAZ基因的表达出现明显差异,表明SbJAZ基因参与植物对不同胁迫的响应。此外,在大肠杆菌中表达SbJAZ1可促进重组细胞在非生物胁迫(PEG 6000NaCl 40°C)下的生长。综上所述,本研究结果将有助于更好地了解高粱SbJAZ家族响应非生物胁迫的潜在分子机制。

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15. JIA-2021-0680 dep1通过增强氮素和干物质转运提高水稻产量和氮利用效率
HUANG Li-ying, Li Xiao-xiao, ZHANG Yun-bo, Shah FAHAD, WANG Fei
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (11): 3185-3198.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.07.057
摘要264)      PDF    收藏
携带dep1基因(直立密穗)的水稻品种具有高产和高氮利用效率的潜力。然而,在田间条件下,对这些品种高产和高氮利用效率有关的农艺和生理性状研究的较少。因此,本研究在0和120 kg N ha-1下对遗传背景均为南粳6号的两个分别携带DEP1 (NIL-DEP1) 和dep1-1 (NIL-dep1)基因的近等基因系材料(NILs)进行了产量和氮利用效率评价。综合所有的氮肥处理和种植年份,NIL-dep1的产量和氮素籽粒生产效率(NUEg)分别比NIL-DEP1高25.5%和21.9%。NIL-dep1相对于NIL-DEP1的产量优势主要源于较大的库容(即较高的总颖花数)、较高的结实率、总干物质积累和收获指数。氮素利用而非氮素吸收更有利于NIL-dep1的高产。NIL-dep1显著较高的NUEg与其较高的氮和干物质转运效率、较低的成熟期叶片和茎秆氮素浓度以及较高的叶片谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性有关。综上,在大田条件下,dep1通过提高籽粒灌浆期的叶片GS活性增加氮素和干物质转运,进而提高水稻产量和氮利用效率。
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16. JIA-2021-0551 华中地区双季稻双直播模式下超短生育期水稻品种产量与抗倒性表现
WANG Xin-yu, XU Le, LI Xiao-xiao, YANG Guo-dong, WANG Fei, PENG Shao-bing
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (10): 2888-2899.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.07.035
摘要204)      PDF    收藏
双季稻双直播模式是一种省工、节本的轻简化栽培措施,可有效应对当前双季稻种植面积逐年下降的现状。华中地区温光资源有限,双季稻双直播模式必须选用生育期在95天左右的超短生育期品种才能保障安全生产。此外,因直播稻群体密度大、扎根浅,在实际生产中往往面临着倒伏风险高的问题。然而,目前关于超短生育期水稻品种在双季稻双直播模式下的抗倒性表现和抗倒性提高途径尚不明确。因此,本研究旨在揭示华中地区双季稻双直播模式下超短生育期水稻品种的抗倒机理。田间试验于2017-2018年在湖北省武穴市进行,设置高、低两个氮肥水平,选用四个超短生育期水稻品种为供试材料,于齐穗后15天测定倒伏相关性状。结果表明,超短生育期水稻品种在两个氮水平下的生育期和产量的变异范围分别为85-97天和4.59-7.61 t ha-1。在该产量水平下,弯曲力矩是造成氮肥处理和品种间倒伏指数差异的主要原因,而抗折力及其他茎秆形态指标并未显著影响倒伏指数。弯曲力矩主要受株高的影响,超短生育期水稻品种的株高从95.4 cm降低至80.5 cm,弯曲力矩降低32.0%,倒伏指数降低22.4%,但是产量没有显著降低。因此,在目前的产量水平下,降低超短生育期品种株高是提高双季稻双直播模式抗倒性的有效措施。但是在未来超短生育期品种产量潜力进一步提升的进程中,育种家们更应该关注增强茎秆抗折力,以进一步提高双季稻双直播模式的产量和稳产性。
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17. Identification of blast-resistance loci through genome-wide association analysis in foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.)
LI Zhi-jiang, JIA Guan-qing, LI Xiang-yu, LI Yi-chu, ZHI Hui, TANG Sha, MA Jin-feng, ZHANG Shuo, LI Yan-dong, SHANG Zhong-lin, DIAO Xian-min
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (8): 2056-2064.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63196-3
摘要198)      PDF    收藏

由瘟病菌引起的瘟病造成世界上多种粮食作物严重减产,但是到目前为止,在禾本科作物中,对抗瘟病基因的遗传研究仍然有限。本研究利用888份谷子核心种质资源,在苗期接种谷瘟病菌株HN-1,通过GWAS方法,寻找抗谷瘟病位点。表型鉴定结果表明,谷子种质资源中高抗资源不到1.6%,中抗资源占35.25%,中感资源占57.09%,高感资源占6.08%。通过表型鉴定发现,在地理分布上,谷子生长季降雨量较高的地区高抗资源比例相对较高。利用覆盖谷子全基因组的720 000个SNP标记进行全基因组关联分析,在第2和第9条染色体上找到了2个显著的谷瘟病抗性相关位点,对这2个位点的分析找到了8个可能的抗病候选基因。这些结果为抗谷瘟病遗传育种和相关基因的克隆奠定了基础,也为其他作物抗瘟病育种和相关基础研究提供了指导信息。


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18. Biological and molecular characterization of tomato brown rugose fruit virus and development of quadruplex RT-PCR detection
YAN Zhi-yong, ZHAO Mei-sheng, MA Hua-yu, LIU Ling-zhi, YANG Guang-ling, GENG Chao, TIAN Yan-ping, LI Xiang-dong
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (7): 1871-1879.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63275-0
摘要192)      PDF    收藏

番茄褐色皱果病毒(tomato brown rugose fruit virus,ToBRFV)是2015年首次报道的一种烟草花叶病毒属病毒,是番茄安全生产的严重威胁。该病毒已经传播到美洲、亚洲和欧洲的十个国家。2019年,ToBRFV在中国山东发生。本论文旨在明确ToBRFV山东分离物(ToBRFV-SD)的症状、寄主范围和分子特性,并建立一种有效的检测方法。田间调查ToBRFV-SD在不同品种的症状表现。将ToBRFV-SD接种辣椒、本氏烟、马铃薯、茄子、中烟102和50个番茄品种,鉴定其寄主范围。分段克隆ToBRFV-SD基因组片段,并测定其序列;利用BioEdit version 7.2.6比对ToBRFV所有分离物的全基因组序列,分析序列一致率;利用MEGA version 10.1.5构建系统发育树。根据ToBRFV、烟草花叶病毒(tobacco mosaic virus,TMV)、番茄花叶病毒(tomato mosaic virus,ToMV)和番茄斑萎病毒(tomato spotted wilt virus,TSWV)等四种番茄重要病毒基因组的保守区域设计特异性引物,建立四重RT-PCR检测体系。ToBRFV-SD在番茄叶片引起不同程度的花叶和疱斑,在花萼和花梗上引起坏死,在番茄果实上引起畸形、黄斑和褐色皱缩坏死斑。ToBRFV-SD可侵染番茄、辣椒和本氏烟,隐症侵染马铃薯、茄子和烟草品种中烟102。测试的50个番茄品种均不抗ToBRFV-SD。ToBRFV-SD和以色列分离物ToBRFV-IL基因组的核苷酸和氨基酸一致率最高。在基于全基因组序列的系统进化树中,所有ToBRFV分离物聚集到一个分枝,与烟草花叶病毒分枝距离较近。随后,我们建立了四重RT-PCR检测体系,能够通过一个RT-PCR反应,同时检测并区分ToBRFV、TMV、ToMV和TSWV。本研究明确了ToBRFV-SD的症状、寄主范围和分子特性,建立了能区分ToBRFV、TMV、ToMV和TSWV四重RT-PCR检测体系,对指导ToBRFV的早期检测和防控有积极作用。


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19. Jasmonic acid and ethylene signaling pathways participate in the defense response of Chinese cabbage to Pectobacterium carotovorum infection
CHEN Chang-long, YUAN Fang, LI Xiao-ying, MA Rong-cai, XIE Hua
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (5): 1314-1326.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63267-1
摘要108)      PDF    收藏

胡萝卜果胶杆菌Pectobacterium carotovorum (Pc)引发的软腐病对大白菜(Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis)危害严重。为探索大白菜响应胡萝卜果胶杆菌侵染的防御反应机制,本研究构建了Pc侵染大白菜的抑制消减(SSH)文库,共获得1,919个非冗余表达序列标签(ESTs)。采用ESTs进行cDNA芯片杂交,与接种无菌水的对照大白菜相比,在接种Pc后不同时间点的大白菜中共检测到800个差异表达基因(DEGs),通过实时荧光定量PCR和半定量PCR对部分差异表达基因进行表达检测,结果与芯片杂交结果基本一致,验证了芯片杂交结果的可靠性。通过MapMan软件进行可视化分析发现,1/4的差异表达基因可能参与植物的生物胁迫通路。其中,分别有8、8、1、3和2个差异表达基因与茉莉酸(JA)、乙烯(ET)、茉莉酸&乙烯、生长素和脱落酸(ABA)信号通路有关,然而并未检测到与水杨酸(SA)信号通路相关的差异表达基因。对胡萝卜果胶杆菌侵染大白菜叶片中产生的激素水平进行检测,发现茉莉酸和乙烯水平增加,而水杨酸水平降低。对大白菜进行激素处理后接种胡萝卜果胶杆菌,发现茉莉酸(JA)、茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)、乙烯前体1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸(ACC)或它们的组合(MeJA+ACC、JA+ACC)的处理,相比于对照(无菌水处理),可以减轻软腐病的发病严重程度,其中JA和JA+ACC的处理效果最为明显且其效果相当。这些研究表明茉莉酸和乙烯信号通路可能在Pc侵染大白菜过程中协同作用以抵御Pc,且茉莉酸介导的信号通路作用可能更加强烈。本研究对大白菜响应软腐病的防御反应机制进行了初步解析,对大白菜抗病分子育种和软腐病防治策略的开发具有重要理论价值。


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20. The effects of social security expenditure on reducing income inequality and rural poverty in China
YU Le-rong, LI Xiao-yun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (4): 1060-1067.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63404-9
摘要239)      PDF    收藏

社会保障的基本目标是给贫困人口或者面临贫困威胁的人口提供财政支持。基于1978-2018年全国财政社会保障支出 (SSE) 与城乡收入差距(URIG)和农村贫困 (RPHR) 相关数据,本文采用协整检验分析方法,对社会保障支出的缓贫效果进行实证分析。结果表明在研究时期内财政社会保障支出与城乡居民可支配收入差距呈正相关关系,但影响非常有限,99%的城乡居民收入差距变化均是变量自身引起的。财政社会保障支出对农村贫困减少发挥了积极的作用,农村贫困发生率对社会保障支出的弹性值为-0.2255。因此,需要更多的财政社会保障支出以及更公平的社会保障制度体系,充分发挥社会保障制度的功能,这将成为2020年打赢脱贫攻坚战后缓解相对贫困的政策工具。


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21. Migration of invasive Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) across the Bohai Sea in northern China
JIA Hui-ru, GUO Jiang-long, WU Qiu-lin, HU Chao-xing, LI Xiao-kang, ZHOU Xian-yong, WU Kong-ming
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (3): 685-693.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63281-6
摘要108)      PDF    收藏

草地贪夜蛾是原生于美洲热带和亚热带地区的重要农业害虫,迁飞是其区域性成灾的重要原因。研究明确草地贪夜蛾种群迁飞动态和季节性转移危害规律,对发展预测预报和综合治理技术有重要意义。渤海海峡是中国华北地区昆虫迁入东北的必经之地,我们利用高空测报灯取样、稳定性同位素和轨迹分析等技术与方法,监测分析了草地贪夜蛾的跨海迁飞活动。研究表明草地贪夜蛾秋季时存在频繁的跨海迁飞活动,迁移种群均为“玉米型”,95.07%的迁飞个体来自于玉米等C4植物,轨迹分析显示该虫2019年已经迁入东北地区。本研究为研发华北和东北玉米主产区草地贪夜蛾的种群监测预警技术提供了理论依据。


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22. Diversity in metagenomic sequences reveals new pathogenic fungus associated with smut in Job’s tears
LI Xiang-dong, SHI Ming, PAN Hong, LU Xiu-juan, WEI Xin-yuan, LU Ping, LIAN Qi-xian, FU Yu-hua
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (9): 2257-2264.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63164-1
摘要128)      PDF    收藏
Smut is a serious disease in Job’s tears, also known as adlay, and contributes to the reduction of crop yield in agricultural fields.  In this study, the key pathogenic fungi in adlay smut disease were first identified by internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) high-throughput sequencing and then used to elucidate the composition and diversity of the fungal community in adlay smut.  Results indicate that an abundance of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected in the infected involucres of flowering plants and the OTUs were classified to nine phyla, 20 classes, 45 orders, 90 families and 119 genera.  A total of 4 986 OTUs clustered together, sharing six core OTUs in all samples, while 145 OTUs were shared among four geographical groups.  The Shannon and Simpson indices ranged from 0.137–1.629 and 0.357–0.970, respectively.  Community diversity ranked as Anshun (AS)>Qinglong (QL)>Xingren (XR)>Xingyi (XY) among the four geographical groups by Shannon and Simpson indices, exhibiting complex community diversities among accessions and geographical groups.  The richness and diversity data imply a weak relationship between the accession community richness and geographical origins of samples.  Two closely related fungal genera, Sporisorium and Ustilago, were implicated as causes of smut disease.  The genus Sporisorium appears to be more commonly found among accessions and thus is more likely to be the fungal pathogen causing smut in adlay.  This work can facilitate strategies to control and prevent smut infection to improve adlay yield.
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23. Genomic characteristics of Dickeya fangzhongdai isolates from pear and the function of type IV pili in the chromosome
CHEN Bin, TIAN Yan-li, ZHAO Yu-qiang, WANG Yuan-jie, CHUAN Jia-cheng, LI Xiang, HU Bai-shi
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (4): 906-920.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62883-2
摘要151)      PDF    收藏
Dickeya fangzhongdai, the causal agent of bleeding canker of pear, is a new member of the Dickeya genus and the only one that infects woody plants.  Recent studies have reclassified several Dickeya isolates as D. fangzhongdai, which were isolated from various environments, including water, Phalaenopsis sp. and Aglaonema sp.  To provide genomic characterization of D. fangzhongdai isolates from pear, the genomes of D. fangzhongdai strain JS5 (=China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, CGMCC 1.15464T=DSM 101947T), along with two other isolates, LN1 and QZH3, were sequenced and compared to those of other Dickeya spp.  Homology greater than 99% was observed among three D. fangzhongdai strains.  Plasmid, type IV secretion system (T4SS) and type IV pili (TFPs) were found in genomes of D. fangzhongdai isolates.  Comparative analysis of the type III secretion systems (T3SS), type III secretion effectors (T3SE), plant cell wall degradation enzymes (PCWDE) and membrane transport proteins of Dickeya spp. showed some differences which might reflect the variations of virulence, phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of Dickeya spp.  In addition, deletion mutant of TFP in D. fangzhongdai JS5 showed no twitching motility and reduced virulence and biofilm formation.  The fingdings of the distinctive plasmid, T4SS and TFPs, as well as the differences of T3SE, PCWDE and membrane transport proteins make D. fangzhongdai isolates unique.  These results also suggested that acquisition of virulence genes by horizontal gene transfer might play some role in the genetic variation of D. fangzhongdai.
 
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24. Real-time PCR assay for detection of Dickeya fangzhongdai causing bleeding canker of pear disease in China
TIAN Yan-li, ZHAO Yu-qiang, CHEN Bao-hui, CHEN Shuo, ZENG Rong, HU Bai-shi, LI Xiang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (4): 898-905.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62881-9
摘要146)      PDF    收藏
Bleeding canker, caused by Dickeya fangzhongdai, is a devastating disease of pear in China.  The bacterium causes cankers, branch die-back, and eventually kills pear trees.  The typical sign of bleeding canker infection is a rusty-brown bacterial ooze that exudes down from cankers onto branches or trunks.  However, early symptoms and signs are inconspicuous, which makes effective disease management difficult.  Detection and identification of D. fangzhongdai are time-consuming and difficult because no rapid method exists to date.  In this study, a TaqMan real-time PCR assay was developed for D. fangzhongdai based on an elongation factor G (fusA) gene.  The real-time PCR assay detected 0.2 pg µL–1 DNA and 1×103 cfu mL–1 of D. fangzhongdai.  Based on this assay, bleeding canker on asymptomatic pear trees can be diagnosed as early as 5 days after infection.  The real-time PCR assay can facilitate disease management by providing early and accurate diagnosis of the bleeding canker disease of pear.
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25. Bleeding canker of pears caused by Dickeya fangzhongdai: Symptoms, etiology and biology
CHEN Bin, TIAN Yan-li, ZHAO Yu-qiang, WANG Jia-nan, XU Zhi-gang, LI Xiang, HU Bai-shi
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (4): 889-897.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62882-0
摘要175)      PDF    收藏

Bleeding canker, a devastating disease of pear trees (Pyrus pyrifolia L.), was first reported in the 1970s in Jiangsu, China and more recently in other provinces in China.  Trees infected with bleeding canker pathogen, Dickeya fangzhongdai, develop cankers on the trunks and branches, and a rust-colored mixture of bacterial ooze and tree sap could be seen all over the trunks and branches.  In this study, we provided detail descriptions of the symptoms and epidemiology of bleeding canker disease.  Based on pathogenic and phenotypic characterizations, we identified the causal agent of bleeding canker of pear as D. fangzhongdaiDickeya fangzhongdai strains isolated from pear were also pathogenic on Solanum tuberosum, Brassica pekinensis, Lycopersicon esculentum, and Phalaenopsis aphrodite based on artificial inoculation, and the pathogen were more virulent on potato than that of D. solani strain.  This study provides new information about this disease and bleeding canker disease of pear.

 
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26.
Behavioral responses of potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella) to tobacco plant volatiles
LI Xiang, ZHANG Xiu-ge, XIAO Chun, GAO Yu-lin, DONG Wen-xia
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (2): 325-332.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62663-8
摘要119)      PDF    收藏
Potato tuber moth (PTM) Phthorimaea operculella, also known as tobacco splitworm, is an important pest of tobacco plants.  The knowledge on the interaction of tobacco plant volatiles and PTM behavior is limited.  To clarify the effect of tobacco plant volatiles on the orientation and oviposition behaviors of PTM and to identify potential compounds for PTM control, tobacco plant volatiles were collected by headspace collection method, and volatile compounds were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.  Thirteen electrophysiological active compounds were screened by employing coupled gas chromatography-electroantennogram detection and from which nine available compounds were further verified by electroantennogram recording.  cis-3-Hexen-1-ol showed significant attractant effect on the orientation behaviors of both male and female moths.  Nonanal and decanal could only attract females, while octanal exhibited repellent effect on males.  Oviposition selection experiment indicated that nonanal, decanal, decane and methyl hexadecanoate could stimulate the gravid females to lay more eggs, while octanal and 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylenthyl)-4-methyl phenol inhibited their oviposition.  Our study added more compounds to the list that could serve as potential PTM deterrents or attractants.
 
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27. Biotic and abiotic stress-responsive genes are stimulated to resist drought stress in purple wheat
LI Xiao-lan, Lü Xiang, WANG Xiao-hong, PENG Qin, ZHANG Ming-sheng, REN Ming-jian
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (1): 33-50.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62659-6
摘要131)      PDF    收藏
Triticum aestivum L. cv. Guizi 1 (GZ1) is a drought-tolerant local purple wheat cultivar.  It is not clear how purple wheat resists drought stress, but it could be related to anthocyanin biosynthesis.  In this study, transcriptome data from drought-treated samples and controls were compared.  Drought slightly reduced the anthocyanin, protein and starch contents of GZ1 grains and significantly reduced the grain weight. Under drought stress, 16 682 transcripts were reduced, 27 766 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and 379 DEGs, including DREBs, were related to defense response.  The defense-response genes included response to water deprivation, reactive oxygen, bacteria, fungi, etc.  Most of the structural and regulatory genes in anthocyanin biosynthesis were downregulated, with only TaDFR, TaOMT, Ta5,3GT, and TaMYB-4B1 being upregulated. TaCHS, TaF3H, TaCHI, Ta4CL, and TaF3’H are involved in responses to UV, hormones, and stimulus.  TaCHS-2D1, TaDFR-2D2, TaDFR-7D, TaOMT-5A, Ta5,3GT-1B1, Ta5,3GT-3A, and Ta5,3GT-7B1 connect anthocyanin biosynthesis with other pathways, and their interacting proteins are involved in primary metabolism, genetic regulation, growth and development, and defense responses.  There is further speculation about the defense-responsive network in purple wheat.  The results indicated that biotic and abiotic stress-responsive genes were stimulated to resist drought stress in purple wheat GZ1, and anthocyanin biosynthesis also participated in the drought defense response through several structural genes.
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28. Characterization of low-N responses in maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars with contrasting nitrogen use efficiency in the North China Plain
LI Xiang-ling, GUO Li-guo, ZHOU Bao-yuan, TANG Xiang-ming, CHEN Cong-cong, ZHANG Lei, ZHANG Shao-yun, LI Chong-feng, XIAO Kai, DONG Wei-xin, YIN Bao-zhong, ZHANG Yue-chen
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2019, 18 (9): 2141-2152.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62597-9
摘要144)      PDF    收藏
Over-use of N fertilizer in crop production has resulted in a series of environmental problems in the North China Plain (NCP).  Thus, improvement of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in summer maize has become an effective strategy for promoting sustainable agriculture in this region.  Using twenty maize cultivars, plant dry matter production, N absorption and accumulation, yield formation, and NUE in summer maize were investigated under three N levels in two growing seasons.  Based on their yield and yield components, these maize cultivars were categorized into four groups including efficient-efficient (EE) cultivars, high-nitrogen efficient (HNE) cultivars, low-nitrogen efficient (LNE) cultivars and nonefficient-nonefficient (NN) cultivars.  In both two seasons, the EE cultivars improved grain yield together with increased plant biomass, and enhanced accumulative amounts as well as higher average grain yields than the other cultivar groups under deficient-N conditions.  Significant correlations were observed between yield and kernel numbers (KN), dry matter (DM) amount and N accumulation at both post-silking and maturity stages.  DM and N accumulation at late growth stage (i.e., from silking to maturity) contributed largely to the enhanced yield capacity and improved NUE under N-deficient conditions.  Compared with the NN cultivars, the EE cultivars also showed increased N assimilation amount (NAA) and N remobilization content (NRC), and elevated N remobilization efficiency (NRE), NUE and nitrogen partial factor productivity (PFPN).  Our investigation has revealed N-associated physiological processes and may provide guidance for cultivation and breeding of high yield and NUE summer maize under limited N conditions in the NCP.
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29. Yield gap and production constraints of mango (Mangifera indica) cropping systems in Tianyang County, China
ZHANG Dong, WANG Chong, LI Xiao-lin
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2019, 18 (8): 1726-1736.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)62099-4
摘要148)      PDF    收藏
Mango is an important cash crop in the tropics and subtropics.  Determining the yield gap of mango and production constraints can potentially promote the sustainable development of the mango industry.  In this study, boundary line analysis based on survey data from 103 smallholder farmers and a yield gap model were used to determine the yield gap and production constraints in mango plantations in the northern mountain, central valley and southern mountains regions of Tianyang County, Guangxi, China.  The results indicated that the yield of mango in three representing regions of Tianyang County, Northern Mountains, Central Valley and Southern Mountains, was 18.3, 17.0 and 15.4 t ha–1 yr–1, with an explainable yield gap of 10.9, 6.1 and 14.8 t ha–1 yr–1, respectively.  Fertilization management, including fertilizer N, P2O5 and K2O application rates, and planting density were the main limiting factors of mango yield in all three regions.  In addition, tree age influenced mango yield in the Northern Mountains (11.1%) and Central Valley (11.7%) regions.  Irrigation time influenced mango yield in the Northern Mountains (9.9%) and Southern Mountains (12.2%).  Based on a scenario analysis, the predicted yield would increase by up to 50%, and fertilizer N use would be reduced by as much as approximately 20%.  An improved understanding of production constraints will aid in the development of management strategy measures to increase mango yield.
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30. Correlation of production constraints with the yield gap of apple cropping systems in Luochuan County, China
ZHANG Dong, WANG Chong, LI Xiao-lin, YANG Xiu-shan, ZHAO Lu-bang, XIA Shao-jie
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2019, 18 (8): 1714-1725.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)62098-2
摘要131)      PDF    收藏
Apple occupies a dominant position in fruit production globally, and has become the main income source of local smallholder farmers in Luochuan County in the Loess Plateau area, one of the largest apple production areas in China.  However, the annual productivity of apple orchards in this region remains low and has gradually declined over the years.  The distinction and correlation of production constraints can contribute to the promotion of apple orchard productivity and the development of a sustainable orchard system.  In the present study, survey data from 71 smallholder farmers were analyzed using a yield gap model to distinguish the production constraints and determine their correlation with the yield gap based on the structural equation model (SEM).  The results indicated that the average apple yield in Luochuan County was 29.9 t ha–1 yr–1, while the attainable yield (Yatt; the highest yield obtained from the on-farm surveys) was 58.1 t ha–1 yr–1.  The average explained and unexplainable yield gaps were 26.3 and 1.87 t ha–1 yr–1.  According to the boundary line analysis, crop load, number of sprayings and base fertilizer N were the top three constraints on apple production in 9.8, 7.8 and 7.8% of the plots, respectively.  Among the production constraints, crop load and fruit weight affected apple yield through direct pathways, whereas other constraints influenced apple yield through an indirect pathway based on the SEM, explaining 51% of the yield variance by all the main production constraints.  These results can improve the current understanding of production constraints and contribute to the development of management strategies and policies for improving apple yield.
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