两种不同类型苹果品种在果实发育和成熟过程中细胞壁变化的比较

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2023.07.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

果实的发育和成熟是一个复杂的过程（Malus×domestica Borkh.）许多因素都可以影响该过程，如细胞结构、细胞壁成分和细胞壁水解酶等。本文研究了硬脆和松脆两种不同类型苹果品种果实发育过程中果实硬度、细胞壁形态和成分、细胞壁水解酶活性及相关基因表达模式的变化，旨在找出不同类型品种间质地变化的原因。细胞壁物质（CWMs）、半纤维素和纤维素含量与果实硬度的变化密切相关。4个品种的水溶性果胶（WSP）和共价结合型果胶（CSP）含量逐渐升高，而离子型果胶（ISP）含量变化趋势不一致。4个品种的多聚半乳糖醛酸酶（PG）、β-半乳糖苷酶（β-gal）、纤维素酶（CEL）和果胶裂解酶（PL）活性逐渐升高。随着果实发育，‘富士’和‘蜜脆’果实中PG、β-gal和CEL的活性较高，而‘富士’和‘蜜脆’果实中PL的活性低于‘爱妃’和‘魔笛’。随着果实的发育，四个品种的果实细胞逐渐变大，细胞排列更松散，细胞间隙更大。qRT-PCR结果显示MdACO1和Mdβ-gal的相对表达量明显升高。研究表明，两种不同类型的苹果品种在ISP和半纤维素含量、PL活性和Mdβ-gal相对表达量上存在较大差异，这些差异可能是造成4个品种质地差异的原因。

Abstract:

Fruit development and ripening is a complex procedure (Malus×domestica Borkh.) and can be caused by various factors such as cell structure, cell wall components, and cell wall hydrolytic enzymes. In our study, we focused on the variations in fruit firmness, cell wall morphology and components, the activity of cell wall hydrolytic enzymes and the expression patterns of associated genes during fruit development in two different types of apple cultivars, the hard-crisp cultivar and the loose-crisp cultivar. In this paper, the aim was to find out the causes of the texture variations between the different type cultivars. Cell wall materials (CWMs), hemicellulose and cellulose content were strongly associated with variations in fruit firmness during the fruit development. The content of water soluble pectin (WSP) and chelator soluble pectin (CSP) gradually increased, while the content of ionic soluble pectin (ISP) showed inconsistent trends in the four cultivars. The activities of polygalacturonase (PG), β-galactosidase (β-gal), cellulase (CEL), and pectate lyase (PL) gradually increased in four cultivars. And the activities of PG, β-gal, and CEL were higher in ‘Fuji’ and ‘Honeycrisp’ fruit with the fruit development, while the activity of PL of ‘Fuji’ and ‘Honeycrisp’ was lower than that of ‘ENVY’ and ‘Modi’. Both four cultivars of fruit cells progressively became bigger as the fruit expanded, with looser cell arrangements and larger cell gaps. According to the qRT-PCR, the relative expression levels of MdACO and Mdβ-gal were notably enhanced. Our study showed that there were large differences in the content of ISP and hemicellulose, the activity of PL and the relative expression of Mdβ-gal between two different types of apple cultivars, and these differences might be responsible for the variations in the texture of the four cultivars.

Key words: apple (Malus×domestica Borkh.) , fruit softening , cell wall , firmness

LI Xiang-lu, SU Qiu-fang, JIA Rong-jian, WANG Zi-dun, FU Jiang-hong, GUO Jian-hua, YANG Hui-juan, ZHAO Zheng-yang. 两种不同类型苹果品种在果实发育和成熟过程中细胞壁变化的比较[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(9): 2705-2718.

LI Xiang-lu, SU Qiu-fang, JIA Rong-jian, WANG Zi-dun, FU Jiang-hong, GUO Jian-hua, YANG Hui-juan, ZHAO Zheng-yang. Comparison of cell wall changes of two different types of apple cultivars during fruit development and ripening[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(9): 2705-2718.

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