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Characteristics of Good Taste and High Yield Type Japonica Rice in the Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River ZHU TianCi, MA TianFeng, KE Jian, ZHU TieZhong, HE HaiBing, YOU CuiCui, WU ChenYang, WANG GuanJun, WU LiQuan Scientia Agricultura Sinica    2024, 57 (4): 820-830.   DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.04.015 Abstract （95）   HTML （11）    PDF （1590KB）（48）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】In order to explore the common agronomic and physiological characteristics of good taste and high yield type japonica rice in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the study could provide theoretical basis and technical support for realizing synergistic improvement of rice yield and quality in this region. 【Method】The cultivar screening tests were conducted in 2018 and 2022 using 14 and 13 conventional japonica rice cultivars, respectively, to systematically compare the yield and composition, taste quality and textural characteristics, as well as agronomic and physiological indicators such as biomass, stem non-structural carbohydrates (NSC), and leaf area duration (LAD) among the different cultivars.【Result】The taste value and yield varied across the different cultivars, so through clustering by taste value and yield, they can be further divided into three types: medium taste and low yield (ML), medium taste and high yield (MH), good taste and high yield (GH). The average taste value and yield of GH in two years were 68.5 and 10.2 t·hm-2, respectively, which were 6.8% higher in taste value and 14.6% higher in yield than MH and ML. In terms of performance for yield and quality traits, GH showed the highest grain filling percentage and taste scores compared to MH and ML. In terms of the dry matter accumulation, GH increased the proportion of dry matter accumulation at the early stage of grain filling stage, and showed the highest dry matter accumulation from heading stage to 15 days after heading stage. Further analysis of the causes of dry matter accumulation at this stage revealed that GH significantly increased the NSC remobilization rate while steadily increasing LAD. Correlation analyses showed highly significant positive correlations between grain filling percentage and taste, dry matter accumulation and LAD from heading stage to 15 days after heading stage, and NSC remobilization rate.【Conclusion】 While maintaining a high LAD from heading stage to 15 days after heading stage (100.4 m2·m-2·d), further increasing NSC remobilization rate during grain filling stage (79.9%) to promote the initiation of grain filling, increasing the dry matter accumulation from heading stage to 15 days after heading stage (3.6 t·hm-2), then improving the grain filling percentage (95.4%), and taste (9.6), which are the common characteristics of good taste and high yield type japonica rice in this region. In addition, the development of water and fertilizer management techniques targeting the enhancement of NSC remobilization at the grain filling stage and NSC accumulation at heading stage is expected to further exploit the yield and taste quality potential of the above good taste and high yield type japonica rice. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of Heat Tolerance of Maize Hybrids and Their Parental Inbreds with Different Genotypes XU TianJun, LÜ TianFang, LI ZiHao, ZHANG Yong, LIU HongWei, LIU YueE, CAI WanTao, ZHANG RuYang, SONG Wei, XING JinFeng, ZHAO JiuRan, WANG RongHuan Scientia Agricultura Sinica    2024, 57 (2): 403-415.   DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.02.014 Abstract （124）   HTML （12）    PDF （4552KB）（103）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】 In recent years, the adverse weather of high temperature and heat damage in the Huang-Huai-Hai maize region of China occurred frequently, which has become an important adverse factor threatening maize production. Study and clarify the effects of high temperature stress on male and female ear characteristics and yield of maize can provide useful guidance for the cultivation and selection of high temperature tolerant maize varieties. 【Method】 The variety of Zhengdan958 (Zheng58×Chang7-2), Xianyu335 (PH6WC×PH4CV), Jingnongke728 (JingMC01×Jing2416), MC812 (JingB547×Jing2416), and their parents were used as the test materials. High temperature stress before and after flowering (from V12 stage to 7 d after silking) were conducted. The effects of high temperature stress on the growth and development of male and female panicles, ASI, pollen activity, yield and yield components of different genotypes of maize hybrids and their parents were studied. 【Result】 High temperature stress before and after anthesis significantly reduced the ear length, rows per ear and grains per row of the tested maize varieties and their parents, and then resulted significant decrease in yield. Compared with the control, the grain number per spike of Zhengdan958, Xianyu335, Jingnongke728 and MC812 decreased by 22.28%, 47.69%, 6.13% and 8.11% respectively under high temperature stress, resulting yield decrease of 9.50%, 50.61%, 3.17% and 5.00% respectively. Among the parental materials, the decrease of rows per panicle, grains per row and yield of Jing2416 under high temperature treatment was the smallest and not significant, while the decrease of PH6WC was the largest. Under high temperature stress, the total number of tassel branches, the length of tassel, the total amount of loose pollen and pollen activity decreased significantly, the silking period of loose pollen was prolonged, and the duration of loose pollen was shortened. Among them, Jingnongke728 had the smallest decline, followed by MC812, showing good heat resistance, while Zhengdan958 had the largest decline in the length of tassel, but the amount of pollen was the largest due to the large number of tassel branches. Xianyu335 has fewer male panicle branches, a large decrease in male panicle length, the least amount of pollen and low activity. Among the parental materials, Jing2416 had a large amount of total loose pollen and strong pollen vitality under high temperature treatment, with the smallest decline, only 4.50 and 3.98 percentage points. Compared with the control, the interval of loose pollen silking (ASI) was prolonged by 1.6d under high temperature stress. The decrease in male spike length is manifested as Zhengdan958>Xianyu335>MC812>Jingnongke728. Zhengdan958 had the largest decrease in male spike length, but had more branches and the largest pollen yield; Xianyu335 has fewer branches of male spikes, a significant decrease in male spike length, the least pollen quantity, and the lowest activity; Jing 2416 has a large amount of loose pollen and strong pollen vitality, with the smallest decrease (only 4.50% and 3.98%). 【Conclusion】 High temperature stress before and after anthesis has a significant impact on the grain yield, male and female ear development process, pollen activity and filament microstructure of the tested maize varieties. Under high temperature stress at this stage, the decline of yield and pollen activity of Jingnongke728 and MC812 is significantly less than Xianyu335, showing higher single ear yield and heat tolerance. By comparing the heat resistance of the parental inbred lines of the tested maize hybrids, it was found that the heat resistance of the paternal inbred lines was better than that of the maternal inbred lines. The male panicle branch and length of the parent material Jing2416 decreased slightly, the amount of pollen was large, the pollen activity was high, the filaments were hairy, the ability to capture pollen was strong, the single panicle yield was high, and the heat resistance was the best. Therefore, in the planting area with frequent high temperature and heat damage, selecting maize varieties such as Jingnongke728 can achieve stable and high yield; and during the maize breeding process, we should pay more attention to the utilizing of the higher temperature resistant inbred such an Jing2416 and then combination higher temperature maize varieties. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Characteristics of Endophytic Microbial Community Structures in Stems Between Hylocereus undatus and H. polyrhizus ZHOU XinYan, CHEN SiYu, WEI YuFei, ZHU Yu, FENG JunQian, DING DianCao, LU GuiFeng, YANG ShangDong Scientia Agricultura Sinica    2024, 57 (2): 416-428.   DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.02.015 Abstract （90）   HTML （6）    PDF （4336KB）（98）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】 The differences of the endophytic microbial community structures between Hylocereus undatus and H. polyrhizus were analyzed, so as so to explore the correlation between the pulp color of H. polyrhizus and the endophytic microbial community composition and their functional microorganisms. 【Method】 Based on high-throughput sequencing technology, the diversity and richness of endophytic microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) in stems between H. undatus and H. polyrhizus were analyzed. Meanwhile, based on LEfSe analysis, the differences of endophytic microorganisms in stems between H. undatus and H. polyrhizus were also investigated.【Result】 The significant differences of the endophytic microbial community structures were found in stems between H. undatus and H. polyrhizus. Meanwhile, the numbers of specific bacterial and fungal OTUs in stems of H. polyrhizus were all higher than those of H. undatus. At the phylum level, the relative abundance ratio of Ascomycota in stems of H. polyrhizus was 1.15 times higher than that of H. undatus. At the genus level, Streptomyces and Penicillium were the highest abundant dominant bacterial and fungal genera in stems of H. polyrhizus, which were 1.24 and 4.27 times higher than those of H. undatus, respectively. In addition, some bacterial genera, such as Lechevalieria, Glycomyces, unclassified_f__Enterobacteriaceae, Actinomadura, and some fungal gerera, such as Talaromyces, unclassified_f__Serendipitaceae, unclassified_c__GS13, unclassified_o__Atractiellales, unclassified_o__Auriculariales were enriched in stems of H. polyrhizus. LEfSe analysis also showed that Promicromonospora and Xylomyces were significant enriched in stems of H. polyrhizus. 【Conclusion】 All above results suggested that the formation of pigment was closely related to the compositions of endophytic microbial community in stems of H. polyrhizus. The bacterial genera, such as Streptomyces, unclassified_f__Enterobacteriaceae, Promicromonospora, and the fungal phylum and genera, such as Ascomycota, Penicillium, Talaromyces and Xylomyces, were all the potential microorganisms in relating to pigment synthesis and metabolic accumulation in stems of H. polyrhizus. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes of Endogenous Hormones and Polyamines During Ovule Development of Stenospermocarpic Seedless Grape ZHU PeiPei, QIN HaoXiang, ZHANG JianXia Scientia Agricultura Sinica    2023, 56 (23): 4789-4800.   DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.23.018 Abstract （100）   HTML （9）    PDF （536KB）（196）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】By exploring the effects of endogenous hormones and polyamines on embryo development during the ovule development of seedless grape, this study provided a theoretical basis for promoting embryo development by spraying exogenous hormones before anthesis and adding exogenous hormones into the medium in vitro culture of ovule.【Method】In this study, the European grape (Vitis vinifera L.) variety Jingxiu and its F1 generation stenospermocarpic seedless variety Qinxiu were used as test materials. The content of endogenous hormones and polyamines in ovule of fruit at different developmental stages were compared by high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HPLCMS) and ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC).【Result】The content of IAA, ZT, ZR, and iPAS reached their highest values at 39 DAF (days after flowering) for Jingxiu and 42 DAF for Qinxiu, and the highest values of the former were higher than those of the latter (more than 1.5 times). For the content of JA and SA, Jingxiu started to rise sharply at 36 DAF (2 000 ng∙g-1 and 6 500 ng∙g-1, respectively), and reached the highest values at 39 DAF (6 500 ng∙g-1 and 10 000 ng∙g-1, respectively), and then, which were declining and remaining at a high level at 42-45 DAF, while Qinxiu was declining and remaining at a low level from 36 DAF (3 500 ng∙g-1 and 3 000 ng∙g-1, respectively). The ACC content of Jingxiu was almost 0 ng∙g-1 at 39 DAF, then increased rapidly and reached its highest value (1 200 ng∙g-1) at 45 DAF, while Qinxiu reached its highest value (900 ng∙g-1) at 39 DAF, then declined to 0 ng∙g-1 at 42 DAF, and remained at a very low level. The ABA content of Jingxiu was almost 0 ng∙g-1 from 36 to 45 DAF, while that of Qinxiu rose sharply from 0 ng∙g-1 at 39 DAF to the highest value (900 ng∙g-1) at 42 DAF. The trends of Put (putrescine), Spm (spermine), and Spd (spermidine) were similar for the two varieties, but Jingxiu was consistently higher than Qinxiu. The highest values of Put and Spd were 42 DAF for Jingxiu and 39 DAF for Qinxiu, except for the highest values of Spm, which were all found at 42 DAF. 【Conclusion】 The lower content of growth promoting substances (IAA, CTK, GA3, ACC, JA, SA, Put, Spd, and Spm) and the higher content of growth inhibiting substances (ABA), and lower ratios of (IAA+GA3)/ABA, (IAA+ZT+GA3)/ABA, Spm/PAs, (Spd+Spm)/PAs, and (Spd+Spm)/Put in the ovules of the seedless variety Qinxiu compared with the seeded variety Jingxiu might be one of the main reasons for seedless grape embryo abortion. Therefore, in the process of seedless grape embryo rescue, the embryo abortion could be inhibited by spraying before flowering or adding to media a certain concentration of growth promoting substances. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Modification of Gene Editing Vector for Efficient GFPuv Fluorescence Screening and Its Application in Potato Genetic Transformation DU JingYa, CHEN KaiYuan, PU Jin, ZHOU HuiYing, ZHU GuangTao, ZHANG ChunZhi, DU Hui Scientia Agricultura Sinica    2023, 56 (11): 2223-2236.   DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.11.015 Abstract （252）   HTML （27）    PDF （3831KB）（735）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】The improvement and innovation of screening markers contributes to the development of transgenic technology, among which the visual screening markers are widely modified for better effect. Recent studies revealed that an enhanced Yellow Green Fluorescent like Protein (eYGFPuv (GFPuv)) obtained by mutation can emit strong and stable green fluorescence under 365 nm UV light irradiation and be easily observed. Constructing the gene editing vector with GFPuv fluorescence screening marker and carrying out experiment application and verifications in potato genetic transformation will provide technical support for the screening of positive transgenic plants in potato transformation, and lay the foundation for using genome editing technology to create potato male sterile lines in the future. 【Method】By using homologous recombination, the GFPuv expression framework and gene editing element Cas9_sgRNA were successively recombined into pCAMBIA2300 vector, and then with this new designed vector the Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression assay was conducted in tobacco plants. Six editing vectors with potato anther development conservative genes were constructed using this modified vector. The A. rhizogenes strains Ar qual and MSU440 harbouring these vectors were transformed into the potato stem segments respectively, and then the A. rhizogenes-induced hairy roots with green fluorescence were observed and counted under the portable UV lamp. The transformation efficiency and editing efficiency of these vectors were analyzed using hairy root transformation system in two different potato genotypes. In the end, the modified vectors were applied to produce transformed potato plants with modifications on target genes. 【Result】A novel gene editing vector pCAMBIA2300MGFPuv-sgRNACas harbouring a GFPuv fluorescence marker was successfully constructed, and the transient transformation in tobacco plants confirmed that the GFPuv expression framework was expressed successfully. The hairy roots with green fluorescence were screened after the transformation with two kinds of A. rhizogenes, and an additional supplement of kanamycin (Kan) significantly increased the proportion of positive fluorescent roots. Although the transformation rates of the two strains were not significantly different, the hairy roots of MSU440 formed faster. Furthermore, the transformation rates and editing rates of editing vectors for six potato anther development conservative genes in two different potato genotypes were the same, but the editing rates of six target sites differed significantly. Potato genetic transformation using the modified vector confirmed that GFPuv fluorescence could be used for the screening of transgenic callus and plants in potato. 【Conclusion】The hairy root transformation system mediated by A. rhizogenes is an essential approach to verifying the efficiency of gene editing, and GFPuv fluorescence can be used in the screening of transgenic plants in potato transformation. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Curcumin Alleviates Zearalenone-Induced Oxidative Damage in Porcine Renal Epithelial Cells via SIRT1/FOXO1 Pathway CUI HongJie, LU ChunTing, PAN LiQin, HU Hui, ZHONG PeiYun, ZHU JieYing, ZHANG KaiZhao, HUANG XiaoHong Scientia Agricultura Sinica    2023, 56 (5): 1007-1018.   DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.05.015 Abstract （265）   HTML （29）    PDF （2402KB）（102）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】 The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of curcumin (Cur) on zearalenone (ZEA)-induced oxidative damage in porcine renal epithelial cells (PK-15), and to elucidate the protective mechanism based on SIRT1/FOXO1 signaling pathway. 【Method】 The experiment was divided into 5 groups: control group, ZEA group (36.55 μg·mL-1 ZEA), Cur6.25 group (36.55 μg·mL-1 ZEA+6.25 μmol·L-1 Cur), Cur12.5 group (36.55 μg·mL-1 ZEA+12.5 μmol·L-1 Cur), and Cur25 group (36.55 μg·mL-1 ZEA +25 μmol·L-1 Cur). MTT assay was used to determine the half inhibitory concentration of ZEA and the maximum safe concentration of Cur on PK-15 cells. The morphological changes were observed by inverted microscope. The levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected by the reagent kits. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the mRNA levels of SIRT1, FOXO1, CAT and Mn-SOD. The expression levels of SIRT1, FOXO1 and Acetyl-FOXO1 proteins were detected by Western Blot. 【Result】 The IC50 of ZEA was 36.55 μg·mL-1, and the maximum safe concentration of Cur was 25 μmol·L-1. Compared with the control group, ZEA significantly decreased the cell viability of PK-15 cells (P<0.01), significantly increased the levels of ROS and MDA (P<0.01), and significantly decreased the activities of SOD and CAT (P<0.01). Compared with ZEA group, the different concentrations of Cur (6.25, 12.5, 25 μmol·L-1) significantly increased the cell viability of PK-15 cells (P<0.05) and improved the cell morphology. ROS and MDA levels induced by ZEA were also significantly reduced by Cur (P<0.01). Moreover, SOD and CAT activities in cells were significantly increased (P<0.01). qRT-PCR results showed that, compared with the control group, ZEA decreased SIRT1 mRNA expression, significantly increased FOXO1 mRNA expression (P<0.01), increased Mn-SOD mRNA expression, and significantly decreased CAT mRNA expression (P<0.01). Compared with ZEA group, mRNA expression levels of SIRT1 and CAT were increased in different degrees, FOXO1 mRNA expression levels were significantly decreased (P<0.01), and Mn-SOD mRNA expression levels were significantly increased (P<0.01) in all Cur groups. Western Blot results showed that ZEA significantly reduced SIRT1 protein expression (P<0.05), and significantly increased Acetyl-FOXO1 protein expression (P<0.01). Compared with ZEA group, SIRT1 protein expression was significantly increased (P<0.01), while Acetyl-FOXO1 protein expression was significantly decreased (P<0.01) in all Cur groups.【Conclusion】 Cur could up-regulate the expression of SIRT1, reduce the acetylation level of FOXO1, and induce the expression of antioxidant enzymes Mn-SOD and CAT, thereby eliminating ROS, reducing the level of MDA, and alleviating the oxidative damage of ZEA on PK-15 cells. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Seed Soaking with Chitooligosaccharide on the Growth of Sprout and Endogenous Phytohormone Content in Potato Minitubers YE Nan, ZHU Yan, ZHAO YuanShou, ZHU JianNing, MEN JiaWei, CHEN Fu, KONG DeYuan, ZHANG WeiBing, ZONG YuanYuan, LI YongCai Scientia Agricultura Sinica    2023, 56 (4): 788-800.   DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.04.016 Abstract （265）   HTML （34）    PDF （1691KB）（128）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】 Seed soaking treatment is commonly used in potato production to promote tuber germination and bud growth. However, the improper use of seed soaking agents can trigger an imbalance of endogenous plant hormone levels, leading to the emergence of potato high-legged seedlings. In this study, the immersion effects on the growth and endogenous hormone content of potato minitubers were studied, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the safe use of chitooligosaccharide as a seed dressing agent for potato minituber. 【Method】The minitubers of Favorita were soaked with chitooligosaccharide solution at different concentrations of 10, 50, and 200 mg∙L-1 (w/v), respectively, and the most effective concentration for promoting bud growth was screened. Seeds treated with 50 mg∙L-1 (w/v) chitooligosaccharide for 15 min was the treatment group (COS50), and the negative and positive control groups were treated with distilled water (Con) and 15 mg∙L-1 gibberellin (GA3), respectively. The germination rate, germination energy, bud length and bud diameter of tubers after seed soaking treatment were determined. The content of endogenous hormones in bud tissue was analyzed by ELISA before treatment (BT), before germination stage (BGS), germination stage (GS), and vigorous growth period (VG), respectively, and the morphology of terminal bud cells of GS was observed by paraffin section staining. Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the intrinsic differences between shoot growth and endogenous hormone content. 【Result】Seed soaking with 50 mg∙L-1 (w/v) chitooligosaccharide effectively promoted the germination and growth of tuber buds of the potato minitubers. The bud length and bud diameter of the treated samples were significantly higher than that of Con group (74.7%) and GA3 group (37.2%). On the 5th day after soaking, the tuber germination rate reached 100%, which was 40.0% and 17.0% higher than the negative and the positive control, respectively. The germination energy of the minitubers was significantly enhanced. On the 5th day after treatment, the germination energy of minituber increased by 80.0% and 28.6% compared with Con and GA3 groups, respectively. Different seed soaking treatments also showed significant differences in the endogenous hormone contents in the terminal bud meristem of minitubers. Compared with the negative control, COS50 treatment elevated the levels of auxin, cytokinin, and gibberellin in the tubers during VG period, and the contents of these hormone increased by 11.4%, 2.7%, and 2.5%, respectively, while the content of abscisic acid decreased by 3.2% (P<0.05). The positive control treatment promoted the highest levels of endogenous gibberellin, cytokinin and auxin, and COS50 treatment group had significantly lower levels of auxin, cytokinin and gibberellin than the positive control group by 5.1%, 8.4%, and 2.0%, respectively (P<0.05). No significant reduction was observed in the level of abscisic acid. However, the contents of endogenous polyamines in the apical bud meristems of the minitubers treated with COS50 was 7.0% and 2.8% higher than those in the Con and GA3 treatment groups, respectively. The results of paraffin section staining revealed that the morphological differences between the minitubers terminal bud cells was attributed to the different seed soaking treatments. The cells of the terminal bud meristem expanded resulting in elongated and flat shape in GA3 treatment, while the cells of COS50 treatment group showed a uniform shape, similar to the negative control. Furthermore, the sprouts growth, sprouts diameter, germination rate and energy of minitubers were positively correlated with the increase of cytokinin, gibberellin and polyamines contents induced by COS50 treatment (P<0.05), while abscisic acid and ployamines content were significantly negatively correlated (r=-0.785, P<0.01). 【Conclusion】Seed soaking with chitooligosaccharide increased the contents of auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, and polyamines in sprouts of minitubers. The treatment also increased the germination rate, sprouts length and sprouts diameter of potato minitubers. Uniform enlargement of meristematic cells in the sprouts of minitubers observation showed that COS50 treatment did not affect the longitudinal elongation of apical bud meristematic cells during the expansion process, causing the bud to grow wildly. However, gibberellin content decreased significantly in seed soaked with 50 mg∙L-1 (w/v) chitooligosaccharide compared with the treatment with exogenous gibberellin 3. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Functional Analysis of MiZAT10A and MiZAT10B Genes in Mango MO WenJing,ZHU JiaWei,HE XinHua,YU HaiXia,JIANG HaiLing,QIN LiuFei,ZHANG YiLi,LI YuZe,LUO Cong Scientia Agricultura Sinica    2023, 56 (1): 193-202.   DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.01.015 Abstract （257）   HTML （50）    PDF （3087KB）（126）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】Zinc finger protein (ZFP) plays an important role in plant abiotic stress response. Therefore, to provide a theoretical basis for stress resistance breeding, this study aimed to analyze the response of two zinc finger protein genes of MiZAT10A and MiZAT10B transgenic Arabidopsis to abiotic stresses, such as salt, drought, heavy metals and exogenous hormones. 【Method】 The promoter cis acting elements and motif of mango MiZAT10A and MiZAT10B genes were predicted and analyzed by online software PLACE and MEME, respectively. The chromosome location map was drawn by TBtools software and SiJiMi gene annotation file (GFF file and unpublished). Tissue expression patterns of MiZAT10A and MiZAT10B genes were analyzed by qRT-PCR. The overexpression vectors of MiZAT10A and MiZAT10B genes were constructed and transformed into Arabidopsis thaliana by Agrobacterium floral-dip method. The phenotype of MiZAT10A and MiZAT10B transgenic plant were observed and recorded under salt, drought, heavy metals, abscisic acid and gibberellin treatments. 【Result】 Promoter cis element analysis showed that there were many light response elements, hormone response elements and abiotic stress response elements in the promoter region of MiZAT10A and MiZAT10B genes. Expression analysis showed that MiZAT10A and MiZAT10B were highly expressed in buds and flowers. 9 of MiZAT10A and 14 of MiZAT10B transgenic Arabidopsis strains were obtained. Overexpression of MiZAT10A and MiZAT10B significantly resulted early flowering compared with the control lines. The root length of MiZAT10A and MiZAT10B overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis was significantly longer than that of control lines under salt stress, drought stress, heavy metal stress, GA3 and ABA hormone treatments. 【Conclusion】 Overexpression of MiZAT10A and MiZAT10B not only promoted transgenic Arabidopsis flowering early but also improved salt, drought, heavy metals and exogenous hormones GA3 and ABA resistance. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Chilling on Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging Characteristics of Leaves with Different Leaf Ages in Tomato Seedlings HU XueHua,LIU NingNing,TAO HuiMin,PENG KeJia,XIA Xiaojian,HU WenHai Scientia Agricultura Sinica    2022, 55 (24): 4969-4980.   DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.24.014 Abstract （358）   HTML （40）    PDF （1347KB）（156）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】This study analyzed the characteristics of chlorophyll fluorescence imaging of the 2nd (mature) and 4th (newly born) leaves of tomato seedlings in response to chilling stress, aiming to probe the mechanism of leaves with different ages adapted to chilling stress in tomato seedlings. 【Method】In this study, Solanum lycopersicum L. cv Zhongshu No. 4 was used as the research material. The tomato seedlings in the 4-leaf stage were treated at chilling (8℃, 200 μmol·m-2·s-1) for 15 d and then recovered at normal temperature (26℃ day/20℃ night, 500 μmol·m-2·s-1) for 1 d. The Chlorophyll fluorescence imagings of the whole seedlings were measured at different stages under different treatments, and the characteristics of chlorophyll fluorescence imaging of the 2nd and 4th leaves were compared. 【Result】The results showed that the relative area of photosynthetically active regions (RAP) on the 4th leaves decreased slowly during the first 5 d of the chilling stress, while the RAP on the 2nd leaves and the whole plants decreased steadily during the whole chilling treatment. The RAP recovered completely after 1 d of recovery. Under chilling treatment, the relative area of fluorescence active regions (RAF) for quantum yield of regulatory energy dissipation (Y(NPQ)), quantum yield of nonregulatory energy dissipation (Y(NO)), and nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) showed similar changes as that of RAP. However, the RAF of effective PSII quantum yield (Y(II)) and coefficient of photochemical quenching (qP) were significantly lower than that of RAP. The maximum PSII quantum yield (Fv/Fm), Y(NPQ), and NPQ decreased while Y(NO) increased sharply in the photosynthetically active region in tomato seedlings during the first 5 d of the chilling treatment. In the following days, the Fv/Fm remained unchanged, whereas Y(NPQ) and NPQ increased and Y(NO) decreased. However, Y(II) declined sharply 1 d after chilling stress and then remained unchanged. Interestingly, qP in the photosynthetic active region of the 4th leaves decreased only slightly after 1 d of chilling treatment, and then maintained higher than that before treatment. However, qP of the 2nd leaves increased significantly on the 5th day and then decreased rapidly. Overall, the Fv/Fm, Y(II), Y(NPQ) and qP in the 4th leaves were higher than those in the 2nd leaves, whereas the Y(NO) were relatively lower in the 4th leaves. 【Conclusion】The study found that tomato seedlings responded to chilling stress by decreasing the area of photosynthetically active regions. The regulatory nonphotochemical quenching, which played a central role in photoprotection, was inhibited in the early stage, but gradually increased during the later stage under chilling treatment. The mature leaves adapted to chilling stress likely by decreasing the size of photosynthetically active regions, while higher capacities of PSII photochemistry and thermal dissipation were maintained in the newly born leaves in response to chilling stress. The protection of shoot apex and newly born leaves might be the priority of tomato seedlings in response to chilling stress. For newly born leaves, the chilling induced the closure of some active PSII reaction centers, but improved the operating efficiency of the remaining active PSII reaction centers, which was potentially beneficial for the recovery of photosynthetic activity. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Deep Tillage Under Continuous Rotary Tillage on Yield Formation of High-Quality Japonica Rice in Cold Regions ZHAO LiMing,HUANG AnQi,WANG YaXin,JIANG WenXin,ZHOU Hang,SHEN XueFeng,FENG NaiJie,ZHENG DianFeng Scientia Agricultura Sinica    2022, 55 (22): 4550-4566.   DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.22.018 Abstract （183）   HTML （31）    PDF （644KB）（113）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】 The effects of deep tillage under continuous rotary tillage on growth dynamics, photosynthetic matter production and yield formation of different japonica rice were studied in order to provide the technical support for high yield and high efficiency cultivation of high quality japonica rice in cold regions. 【Method】 A field experiment was conducted in 2018-2019, under the condition of straw returning to the field, on the basis of rotary tillage in the previous stubble for two consecutive years. Here, two tillage practices, namely, deep tillage and rotary tillage, were adopted during the growth stages of three modern japonica varieties Suijing18, Kendao12, and Sanjiang6. The effects of deep tillage and rotary tillage on the growth dynamics and post-anthesis production characteristics of high-quality japonica rice were studied. 【Result】 There was no significant difference in yield between years, but tillage methods had significant effects on the growth and development, photosynthetic dry matter production characteristics and yield characters of high-quality japonica rice in cold regions. Compared with rotary tillage, the deep tillage significantly increased the number of tillers per square meter and the number of effective panicles, the flag leaf unfolded later and lasted longer, and the heading stage was late but the duration did not change; The biomass and dry matter transport capacity of stem and sheath under deep tillage increased, and the biomass and stem-sheath dry matter transport capacity were increased by 8.34% and 5.36% respectively at full heading stage; The output, output rate and transformation rate of stem-sheath matter under deep tillage increased by 13.19%, 6.70% and 9.17%, respectively (P<0.05); The deep tillage increased the leaf area index at full heading and mature stage, prolonged the duration of green leaf area and increased the population growth rate; The internode length, leaf length and width of the third and fourth nodes of the main stem under deep tillage were increased, and the plant height and ear length were increased too; The number of grains per ear and grain weight per ear under deep tillage increased by 7.05% and 3.37%, respectively, the harvest index increased by 1.90%, and the average yield increased by 12.78%. Under the same tillage method, Kendao12 was the best in tiller number, photosynthetic matter production capacity, stem and sheath dry matter accumulation and transport capacity, yield and its composition, followed by Suijing18; However, Sanjiang6 had higher leaf area index after anthesis, grain number per panicle and grain weight at mature stage, but which could not make up for its low dry matter transport capacity, effective panicle number and 1000-grain weight. In terms of interaction effect, the combination of deep tillage × Kendao12 treatment showed higher effective panicles per square meter, strong production and transport capacity of photosynthetic matter after anthesis, high grain-leaf ratio and population growth rate, high 1000-grain weight and harvest index, reasonable allocation of plant agronomic morphological characters and coordination of yield traits, which could achieve a yield increase of 9.15%-27.47%.【Conclusion】 Continuous rotary tillage combined with one-year deep tillage was the most effective and sustainable rice tillage system to improve the yield of high-quality japonica rice in this region. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Flooding on Soil Chemical Properties and Microbial Community Composition on Farmland of Continuous Cropped Pepper GONG XiaoYa,SHI JiBo,FANG Ling,FANG YaPeng,WU FengZhi Scientia Agricultura Sinica    2022, 55 (12): 2472-2484.   DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.12.017 Abstract （381）   HTML （42）    PDF （1496KB）（169）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】This paper aimed to clarify the effect of farmland flooding on the soil environment of continuous pepper cropping, and to provide the technical basis for reducing the soil sickness caused by continuous pepper cropping. 【Method】In this experiment, the flooded and non-flooded soil of continuous cropped pepper in Hexian County of Anhui Province were analyzed, with non-flooded soil as control. The determination of chemical property and microbial community structure in soil with flowing analyser, qPCRand Illumina MiSeq sequencing explored the effect of flooding on the soil. Besides, the pepper was used as plant material to explore the effects of flooded and non-flooded soil on seed germination and seedling growth by the Petri dish method. 【Result】Soil flooding significantly decreased the soil EC value, organic matter, nitrate N, ammonium N, available K, and Olsen P. Quantitative PCR analysis showed that soil flooding significantly increased the bacterial community abundance (P<0.05), however decreased that of the fungal communities. Illumina MiSeq sequencing showed that the soil flooding significantly increased the relative abundances of Actinobacteria and Myxococcota, which decreased the Firmicutes and Mortierellomycota at phylum level. The soil flooding decreased the relative abundance of potential pathogenic fungi, such as Fusarium spp., positive correlation with nitrate N. The soil flooding increased potential Azotobacter, including Azoarcus, Gemmatimonas, Sideroxydans, Candidatus_Solibacter, Bryobacter, Sideroxydans spp. and plant-beneficial potential such as Aspergillus and Acremonium spp., which were negatively correlated with nitrate N. The soil microbial community structure and composition was significantly affected by soil nitrate N. In petri dish, the seed germination rate, seeding fresh weight and root length of peppers planted in flooded soil were significantly higher than those in non-flooded soil. 【Conclusion】Soil flooding significantly reduced the EC value and abundance of potentially pathogenic microbial community and increased the abundance of potentially beneficial bacterial, but significantly reduced the content of available nutrients. At the same time, Soil flooding was conducive to the seed germination and seedling growth and alleviated the pepper continuous cropping obstacles. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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