【Objective】One of the basic national conditions in China is ‘smallholders in the large country’. The proportion of smallholders is high, and the degree of self-production and self-marketing costs is also high. The coordinated development of smallholders’ food production, consumption and nutrition is the health guarantee of rural revitalization strategy. Farmers’ dietary diversity (types of food eaten per day) and the correlation between farmers' farm production diversity (types of food produced on a daily basis) and their dietary diversity and nutritional health (BMI) were analyzed for providing the theoretical basis for farmers' good eating habits formation and rural human capital construction.【Method】395 farmers' questionnaires were collected from 10 villages in Jiangsu province, 10 villages in Henan province and 6 villages in Sichuan province based on random sampling and stratified sampling. Descriptive analysis was carried out on the types of food produced by farmers in three provinces, which involved the sources and quantities of all kinds of food intake, and the nutritional status of daily intake of food which produced by farmers. According to the economic theory of food consumption and individual health utility, multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the influence of farmers' agricultural production diversity on their dietary diversity, and Probit model was used to explore the influence of farmers' agricultural production diversity on their nutritional health without the endogeneity.【Result】The respondents' farm production diversity was not high and 3.37 food types were produced on average, but the inter-provincial gap was small and the intake of food such as aquatic products, fruits, milk and dairy products, livestock and poultry were mainly from the purchase. Farmers also had a low degree of dietary diversity with an average daily intake of 3.34 types of food, but the inter-provincial gap was large. The amount of home-grown food consumed was lower than national recommendation. In total daily intake per capita, livestock and poultry meat intake was too much, while milk and dairy products, aquatic products intake were insufficient. Farmers had nutritional imbalance from daily intake of food produced by themselves. Home-grown food provided plenty of energy, but low intakes of protein, fat, calcium, magnesium, potassium and vitamin A. Nearly 60 percent of farmers had normal BMI but the inter-provincial gap was large. Farmers' farm production diversity had a significant positive correlation with their dietary diversity and nutritional health at the statistical level of 10%. In addition, factors such as farmers' age, education level, total net family income, nutrition knowledge cognition and market access had significant influence on dietary diversity while the factors, such as farmers' gender, age, education level and food nutrition education, had significant influence on individual nutrition health.【Conclusion】As in other developing countries, farmers' farm production diversity in China promotes their dietary diversity and nutritional health. However, along with agriculture commercialization degree and farmers’ non-agricultural income enhancement, the trend of farmers' food purchase to meet the dietary diversity is irreversible and it is not feasible to improve farmers' farm production diversity under the practical condition of limited water and soil resources. Therefore, to encourage the establishment of standardized agricultural products market in rural areas and strengthen the publicity and education of food nutrition to improve farmers' nutrition knowledge may be a feasible way to ensure dietary diversity and nutritional health.
