Abstract: 【Objective】Conservation tillage (CT) also be referred to as resource-efficient / resource effective agriculture, have become the most important measures of sustainable agriculture development, it is a relatively new concept but widely adopted in china and had considerable benefits. This paper reviewed the historical development and the current situation of conservation tillage research in China, with special reference to their effects on crop yield, especially reduction of output. Many crucial points for successfully adopting conservation tillage systems were emphasized.【Method】Research advances in the conservation tillage of china on recent years were reviewed in this paper. Based on papers published, the current researches progress on conservation tillage (CT) of crop production in china were summarized and analyzed. All these aspects are reviewed but detailed information of conservation tillage is spares and disparate from China studies.【Result】It is discovered that the tract characteristic of conservation tillage research in china was distinct: reduced tillage was predominantly in northeast of china, no-tillage was centralize in backward position of Yangtse rive and southeast of china, and a large proportion of research in northwest was straw mulching and composition treatment. Most of report was increase production with CT, only 10% was reduction of output but distributing all region of china. There were more higher probability reduction of output in Huanghuaihai plain and northwest of china to apply conservation tillage, treatment of reduced tillage and no-tillage had more higher probability than others, wheat had the highest probability than rice and maize when plant with conservation tillage. The responses to CT were different: the wheat yield which planted in Huanghuaihai plain or northwest of china and adopted reduced tillage or no-tillage reduce frequency, but the yield was stably which planted in southwest of china; the rice yield which planted in southwest of china had more higher probability to reduce, however the yield which planted in backward position of Yangtse rive and southeast of china was stably, straw mulching had more higher probability reduction of output. There was a very interesting thing about composition treatment which reduced or no-tillage and straw mulching , it was worth investigating since it’s prominence represent on crop yield stably.【Conclusion】Conservation tillage is the key technique of sustainable agriculture, carrying out the research of application and extension of conservation tillage in China is profound significance. It is necessary to strengthen the study of key techniques, to enhance research strength and level for improving and promoting sustainable agricultural, and change the traditional idea of farmers so as to accelerate the application of conservation tillage in china.