长期秸秆还田对白浆土物理性质及水稻产量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.14.011

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】This study investigated the effects of long-term rice (Oryza sativa L.) straw incorporation on the physical properties of albic soil and crop yield. 【Method】The experiment included four treatments: (1) CK (no straw incorporation); (2) S (single application of straw); (3) SNPK (straw and N, P, K fertilizer); and (4) NPK (N, P, K fertilizer). In 2005, 2010, and 2015, after the fall harvest, undisturbed soil from different layers was obtained, and soil bulk density, hardness, porosity, three-phase composition and rice yield were analyzed. 【Result】Rice average yield of ten years after SNPK treatment was 275.70% and 133.23% higher than that after CK and S treatment, and was 14.17% higher than that after NPK treatment, rice average yield of SNPK were higher in the 5-10 years than that of the same treatment in the 1-5 years. Long-term straw incorporation improved soil physical properties. After 10 years of SNPK treatment, soil bulk density of the 0-20 cm and 20-30 cm soil layers was reduced by 6.34% and 10.00% than CK, respectively, the trend was degressive than after 5 years; Soil hardness of the 10, 20, and 30 cm soil layers was reduced by 26.87%, 5.68%, and 4.62% after SNPK treatment than before treatment, respectively, the difference was significant between SNPK and CK in 20-30 cm layer, the trend of 10 year was degressive than that of 5 year, but not obvious, other treatment were not obvious degressive trend than CK; and the solid phase ratio of the 0-20, 20-30, and 30-40 cm soil layers was reduced by 10.87%, 10.61%, and 4.67% than CK, respectively. These values were lower than those noted after 5 years of straw incorporation. Furthermore, long-term straw incorporation increased the number of effective pores in the soil, and the difference was greatly significant between treatments and between years. After 10 years of treatment, the proportions of effective pores of the 0-20, 20-30, and 30-40 cm soil layers treated with SNPK were 28.86%, 63.85%, and 23.40% higher, respectively, than those treated with CK. The proportions of effective pores in the 0-20 and 20-30 cm soil layers in the SNPK treatment were 12.55% and 62.96% higher than those in the NPK treatment, the proportions of effective pores in the 0-20, 20-30, 30-40 cm soil layers in the SNPK treatment were 19.68%, 56.52% and 24.46% higher than those in the S treatment, the trend was increased than that after 5 years. Each soil layer showed increasing numbers of effective pores over time with SNPK treatment. Straw incorporation improved the quality of albic soil, however, its effects become apparent over the long term.【Conclusion】Long-term straw incorporation could improve soil physical properties, increased soil effective pore, decreased soil bulk density, and increased rice yield. Good results were obtained from straw incorporation and chemical fertilizer application. The effect of straw incorporation with fertilizer application on soil and rice was obvious than the treatment of single straw incorporation and single fertilizer application.

WANG QiuJu, CHANG BenChao, ZHANG JinSong, HAN DongLai, SUI YuGang, CHEN HaiLong, YANG XingYu, WANG XueDong, JIAO Feng, CHANG BenChao, KEN Araya, LIU Feng. Effects of Albic Soil Physical Properties and Rice Yields After Long-Term Straw Incorporation[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(14): 2748-2757.

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