天敌昆虫在诱集植物上的多样性及对温室蚜虫的防治作用

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.15.010

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】Concern over protection and application of natural enemies for biological control of insect pests has increased considerably in recent years. The objective of this study is to assess the relationship between natural enemy diversity on multiple mixed trapping crops and its influence factors. Furthermore, the efficacy of banker plant system for control of the target pest aphids in cucumber greenhouse was evaluated. 【Method】Five species of trapping crops including maize, alfalfa, sunflower, wheat and soybean were mix-planted in the experiment stations of Langfang and Huanggang in 2012, 2103 and 2015, respectively. The species of natural enemies were investigated during the experimental period. The community parameters of natural enemies were calculated, and the relationship between community structure and its influence factors (plant species, sampling time and flowering phase) was analyzed by redundancy analysis. In 2013, the dominant natural enemy, i.e., ladybird beetle was collected from the trap cropping and stored in laboratory. In addition, the wheat aphid and wheat were selected as the alternative prey and banker plant of ladybird beetle with different densities, respectively, and the system for control of Aphis gossypii was introduced on greenhouse cucumber. The control efficacy among different treatments was compared.【Result】Analyses of community parameters of natural enemies, Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’), Simpson’s diversity index (D) and Pielou’s evenness index (J) showed differences over the sampling time. Aphidius spp. and Propylaea japonica were determined as dominant natural enemies in two years. The abundances of both species accounted for over 10% in all natural species on the mixed trap cropping. Redundancy analysis results indicated that plant species, flowering phase and sampling time significantly affected the abundance of natural enemies, and in total explained 26.02% and 17.20% of the variance of the natural enemy community data in 2012 and 2015, respectively. Graph of RDA in 2012 and 2015 indicated that Orius spp. and Chrysoperla sinica displayed higher correlation with the flowering phase. When introduced the banker plant system with density of 200 ladybird beetles in greenhouse, the density of A. gossypii was significantly lower among the treatments, with a control efficacy of 69.4%. 【Conclusion】Attractiveness of natural enemies was integrated with the strategy of their enhanced abundance by means of artificial assistance. Different species of trapping crop plants were mix-planted, attracted multiple natural enemies groups. The dominant natural enemy attracted in the mixed plants was screened to develop the banker plant system, which was then introduced in greenhouse cucumber for control of aphids. The banker plant system with the highest density of ladybird beetle resulted in a certain reduction in aphids population. Therefore, it is practicable to integrated strategies involving the trapping, protection, screening and application of natural enemies for biological control of insect pests.

Key words: trap cropping, natural enemies, redundancy analysis, banker plant system, release and application, aphid

WU Sheng-yong, XU Li-rong, LI Ning, WANG Deng-jie, LEI Zhong-ren. Natural Enemy Diversity on Trapping Crops and Its Application for Control of Aphids in Greenhouse Cucumber [J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(15): 2955-2964.

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