不同种植模式对南方丘陵旱地土壤水分利用与作物周年生产力的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.18.009

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 In order to obtain the best planting patterns, the difference of water use and crops annual productivity in southern hilly dryland were analyzed in the present paper. 【Method】 In southern hilly dryland area, nine types of experimental planting patterns including spring maize-forage grass on the hillside (SPD1), sweet potato-forage grass on the hillside (SPD2), watermelon // spring maize-forage grass on the hillside (SPD3), spring maize-potato on the slope (ZPD1), soybean-potato on the slope (ZPD2), soybean // spring maize-potato on the slope (ZPD3), spring maize-autumn maize-potato under the slope (XPD1), watermelon-autumn maize-potato under the slope (XPD2), watermelon // spring maize-autumn maize-potato under the slope (XPD3) on the hillside, on the slope and under the slope were used to study the effects of different planting patterns on soil water content, crop water consumption (WC), water use efficiency (WUE), crops annual productivity in southern hilly dryland, and land equivalent ratio (LER) between interplanting modes. 【Result】 Compared with the SPD1, soil water content were increased by 22.8%, 21.6% and 24.1% with SPD3, WUE were increased by 9.7%, 17.8% and 15.6% with SPD3, and the crops annual productivity were increased by 8.3%, 16.1% and 14.8% with SPD3, respectively. Meanwhile, compared with the SPD2, soil water content increased by 16.1%, 11.0% and 14.5% with SPD3, WUE increased by 61.9%, 60.6% and 62.5% with SPD3, and the crops annual productivity increased by 62.4%, 61.6% and 64.8% with SPD3, respectively. Compared with the ZPD1, soil water content increased by 12.9%, 13.3% and 20.9% with SPD3, WUE increased by 17.9%, 22.5% and 20.3%, and the crops annual productivity increased by 17.2%, 21.4% and 19.6% with ZPD3, respectively. Compared with the XPD1, soil water content increased by 15.1%, 17.6% and 12.9% with XPD3, WUE increased by 47.5%, 44.6% and 38.5%, and the crops annual productivity increased by 41.5%, 43.3% and 37.6% with XPD3, respectively. Compared with the XPD2, soil water content increased by 6.5%, 4.4% and 5.1% with XPD3, WUE increased by 18.6%, 21.5% and 20.0%, and the crops annual productivity increased by 20.0%, 21.5% and 21.0% with XPD3, respectively. There were no difference in water content among different planting patterns in the same year, but there was a difference in water content among different planting patterns between 2009, 2010 and 2008. In the three planting patterns, the LER of XPD3 was the highest with 1.518, 1.517 and 1.496 in 2008, 2009 and 2010. Compared with the ZPD3, the LER of XPD3 increased by 15.70%, 12.45% and 13.94%, respectively. Meanwhile, compared with the SPD3, the LER of XPD3 increased by 10.32%, 6.31% and 5.65%, respectively. In the three slope types, compared with the ZPD1, the soil water content increased by 5.5%, 27.3% and 17.3% with XPD1 in 2008, 2009 and 2010. And the soil water content increased by 68.0%, 23.3% and 28.7% with ZPD1 in 2008, 2009 and 2010. Compared with the ZPD3, the WUE increased by 105.4%, 101.2% and 102.3% with XPD3. Compared with the SPD3, the WUE increased by 238.2%, 230.2% and 246.2% with XPD3. Compared with the ZPD3, the economic output in a year increased by 195.9%, 104.1% and 101.2% with XPD3. Compared with the SPD3, the economic output in a year increased by 230.6%, 224.4% and 236.3% with XPD3. Meanwhile, Compared with the SPD3, the economic output in a year increased by 62.0%, 62.8% and 67.2% with ZPD3, respectively. 【Conclusion】As a result, the planting patterns were of benefit to enhancement of soil water retention, water use efficiency, and crops annual productivity, such as the watermelon // spring maize-forage grass, soybean // spring maize-potato, watermelon // spring maize-autumn maize-potato. Under the different slope type conditions, the WUE and crops annual productivity with different planting patterns were in the order: under the slope＞slope＞hillside. Therefore, the reasonable planting patterns should be chosen according to different slope conditions in the southern hilly dryland to achieve water-saving drought avoidance and increase efficiency.

Key words: planting patterns, hilly dryland, water use efficiency, annual productivity, maize

TANG Wen-guang, XIAO Xiao-ping, TANG Hai-ming, YANG Guang-li. Effects of Different Planting Patterns on Water Use of Soil and Crops Annual Productivity in Southern Hilly Dryland[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(18): 3606-3617.

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