山西小麦品种苗期锈病抗性鉴定及抗病基因检测

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.14.002

中国农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (14): 3006-3021.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.14.002

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

山西小麦品种苗期锈病抗性鉴定及抗病基因检测

毛嘉琦¹^,²(), 武棒棒¹, 赵佳佳¹, 郝宇琼¹, 郑兴卫¹, 吴建辉⁴, 曾庆东⁴, 刘敏捷³(), 郑军¹()

¹ 山西农业大学小麦研究所/农业农村部有机旱作农业重点实验室（部省共建），山西临汾 041000
² 山西农业大学农学院，山西晋中 030801
³ 山西农业大学植物保护学院/农业有害生物综合治理山西省重点实验室，太原 030031
⁴ 西北农林科技大学植物保护学院，陕西杨凌 712100

收稿日期:2025-12-12 接受日期:2026-03-18 出版日期:2026-07-16 发布日期:2026-07-21
通信作者:
刘敏捷，E-mail：smartiii@163.com。
郑军，E-mail：sxnkyzj@126.com
联系方式: 毛嘉琦，E-mail：18246756687@163.com。
基金资助:
山西省现代农业产业技术体系专项(2026CYJSTX02-05); 山西农业大学生物育种工程(YZGC2026155); 三晋英才支持计划(SJYC2024481)

Evaluation of Rust Resistance in the Seedling Stage of Wheat Varieties and Disease-Resistant Gene Detection in Shanxi Province, China

MAO JiaQi¹^,²(), WU BangBang¹, ZHAO JiaJia¹, HAO YuQiong¹, ZHENG XingWei¹, WU JianHui⁴, ZENG QingDong⁴, LIU MinJie³(), ZHENG Jun¹()

¹ Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agriculture University/Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Linfen 041000, Shanxi
² College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, Shanxi
³ College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Integrated Pest Management in Shanxi, Taiyuan 030031
⁴ College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi

Received:2025-12-12 Accepted:2026-03-18 Published:2026-07-16 Online:2026-07-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】条锈病和叶锈病是黄淮冬麦区小麦生产的主要病害，精准鉴定小麦品种资源的抗性，了解抗病基因分布，挖掘新的抗病基因/位点，为抗病品种的选育和推广奠定基础。【方法】利用当前条锈菌流行小种CYR32、CYR34，以及叶锈菌小种PHSH对326份山西小麦品种进行苗期抗性鉴定，利用分子标记和GBTS液相芯片技术进行检测，并通过16K SNP芯片进行全基因组关联分析挖掘抗锈病遗传位点。【结果】山西小麦品种苗期抗条锈病能力整体较好，其中，金麦919、云麦766和临黑199等97份品种苗期对CYR32和CYR34小种均表现出抗性；中旱110、泽优2号和石农086等15个（4.60%）品种苗期对CYR32表现免疫；晋农207、晋麦13和临黑199等14份（4.29%）品种苗期对CYR34表现免疫；山西小麦品种苗期抗叶锈病能力较差，仅12份品种苗期对叶锈病表现中抗。23个检测抗病基因中共检测到11个抗条锈病基因/QTL——QYrqin.nwafu-2AL（87.42%）、Yr78（27.30%）、Yr9（24.54%）、QYrsn.nwafu-3DL（15.95%）、Yr75（13.19%）、QYrhm.nwafu-2BC（10.73%）、Yr5（7.98%）、Yr80（2.76%）、QYr.nwafu-4BL（2.15%）、YrSP（1.84%）和Yr82（1.84%），7个抗叶锈病基因——Lr46（28.83%）、Lr1（22.09%）、Lr68（16.87%）、Lr26（16.56%）、Lr34（11.96%）、Lr13（5.83%）和Lr37（1.23%），未携带Yr15、Yr26、Lr10、Lr21和Lr80。对于多个抗病基因的聚合，聚合频率最高的是QYrqin.nwafu-2AL+QYrsn.nwafu-3DL和Lr46+Lr68组合。全基因组关联分析共检测到5个与条锈病抗性显著关联的位点，2B、5B和7A染色体上可能携带新的条锈病抗性位点；同时检测到14个与叶锈病抗性显著关联的位点，1B、4A和5A等染色体上可能携带新的叶锈病抗性位点。【结论】山西小麦苗期抗条锈病能力整体较好，但苗期抗叶锈病整体较差；在1B、2B和3B等13条染色体上共定位到19个与条锈/叶锈病抗性显著关联的位点，推测QYrs-2B、QLrs-2A和QLrs-4A等14个位点可能是新的锈病抗性位点。

关键词: 山西小麦, 条锈病, 叶锈病, 抗病基因, 全基因组关联分析

Abstract:

【Objective】Stripe rust and leaf rust are major diseases affecting wheat production in the Huang-Huai winter wheat region, accurate identification of resistance in wheat cultivars, understanding the distribution of disease-resistance genes, excavate new disease-resistance genes/loci lays the foundation for the breeding and promotion of disease-resistant varieties.【Method】We phenotyped 326 Shanxi wheat at both seedling against the prevalent Chinese Pst races CYR32 and CYR34, and Pt race PHSH. To identify more Yr/Lr genes, we also conducted molecular detection and GBTS, using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using a wheat 16K SNP array.【Result】Shanxi wheat seedlings demonstrate generally good resistance to stripe rust during the seedling stage, 97 cultivars such as Jinmai 919, Yunmai 766 and Linhei 199 showed good resistance to the Pst isolate CYR32 and CYR34 during the seedling stage; 15 (4.60%) cultivars such as Zhonghan 110, Zeyou 2 and Shinong 086 showed resistance to the isolate Pst isolate CYR32;14 (4.29%) cultivars such as Jinnong 207, Jinmai 13 and Linhei 199 showed resistance to the isolate Pst isolate CYR34; wheat seedlings in Shanxi Province exhibit poor resistance to leaf rust during the seedling stage, 12 cultivars showed moderate resistance to the isolate Pt isolate PHSH. Of the 23 Yr/Lr genes assayed, a total of eleven stripe rust resistance genes/QTLs have been detected, including QYrqin.nwafu-2AL (87.42%), Yr78 (27.30%), Yr9 (24.54%), QYrsn.nwafu-3DL (15.95%), Yr75 (13.19%), QYrhm.nwafu-2BC (10.73%), Yr5 (7.98%), Yr80 (2.76%), QYr.nwafu-4BL (2.15%), YrSP (1.84%) and Yr82 (1.84%), as well as seven leaf rust resistance genes, including Lr46 (28.83%), Lr1 (22.09%), Lr68 (16.87%), Lr26 (16.56%), Lr34 (11.96%), Lr13 (5.83%) and Lr37 (1.23%) were identified in wheat varieties from Shanxi province, whereas Yr15, Yr26, Lr10, Lr21 and Lr80 were not detected; for the pyramiding of multiple Yr/Lr genes, the highest proportion was the QYrqin.nwafu-2AL+QYrsn.nwafu-3DL and Lr46+Lr68 combinations. GWAS identified five loci significantly associated with stripe rust resistance, 2B, 5B and 7A may harbor novel loci associated with stripe rust resistance, simultaneously identified fourteen loci significantly associated with resistance to leaf rust disease, 1B, 4A and 5A may harbor novel loci associated with stripe rust resistance.【Conclusion】Shanxi wheat exhibits generally good resistance to stripe rust during the seedling stage, but overall resistance to leaf rust is poor, thirty-eight loci significantly associated with stripe rust/leaf rust resistance were mapped across 13 chromosomes, including 1B, 2B, and 3B. Preliminary analysis suggests that fourteen of these loci, including QYrs-2B, QLrs-2A and QLrs-4A may represent novel rust resistance loci.

Key words: Shanxi wheat, stripe rust, leaf rust, resistance gene, GWAS

毛嘉琦, 武棒棒, 赵佳佳, 郝宇琼, 郑兴卫, 吴建辉, 曾庆东, 刘敏捷, 郑军. 山西小麦品种苗期锈病抗性鉴定及抗病基因检测[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(14): 3006-3021.

MAO JiaQi, WU BangBang, ZHAO JiaJia, HAO YuQiong, ZHENG XingWei, WU JianHui, ZENG QingDong, LIU MinJie, ZHENG Jun. Evaluation of Rust Resistance in the Seedling Stage of Wheat Varieties and Disease-Resistant Gene Detection in Shanxi Province, China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(14): 3006-3021.

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基因 Gene	标记 Marker	引物序列 Primer sequence (5′-3′)	参考文献 References
Lr1	WR003F	GGGACAGAGACCTTGGTGGA	[35]
Lr1	WR003R	GACGATGATGATTTGCTGCTGG	[35]
Lr10	Lrk10D1	GAAGCCCTTCGTCTCATCTG	[36]
Lr10	Lrk10D2	TTGATTCATTGCAGATGAGATCACG	[36]
Lr21	D14-L	CGCTTTTACCGAGATTGGTC	[37]
Lr21	D14-R	TCTGGTATCTCACGAAGCCTT	[37]
Lr26+	ω-secalinF	ACCTTCCTCATCTTTGTCCT	[38]
Lr26+	ω-secalinR	CCGATGCCTATACCACTACT
Lr26-	Glu-B3F	GGTACCAACAACAACAACCC
Lr26-	Glu-B3R	GTTGCTGCTGAGGTTGGTTC
Lr34	csLV34F	GTTGGTTAAGACTGGTGATGG	[39]
Lr34	csLV34R	TGCTTGCTATTGCTGAATAGT	[39]
Yr5	S19M93-100-F	TAATTGGGACCGAGAGACG	[40]
Yr5	S19M93-100-R	TTCTTGCAGCTCCAAAACCT	[40]
Yr9	H20-F	GTTGGAAGGGAGCTCGAGCTG	[41]
Yr9	H20-R	GTTGGGCAGAAAGGTCGACATC	[41]
Yr15	uhw301R-F	GGAGATAGAGCACATTACAGAC	[12]
Yr15	uhw301R-R	TTTCGCATCCCACCCTACTG	[12]

生理小种 Physiological race	标记 Marker	染色体 Chromosome	物理位置 Physical position (Mb)	P值 P value	表型贡献率 R²(%)	参考文献 References
CYR32	QYrs-2B	2B	394.98	3.16	5.11
CYR32	QYrs-7A	7A	450.89	3.01	4.90
CYR34	QYrs-3B	3B	69.81	3.07	5.03	[43]
	QYrs-3D	3D	344.36	3.09	5.07	[44]
	QYrs-5B	5B	40.90	4.03	5.97
PHSH	QLrs-1B	1B	276.31—310.58	3.00—3.64	5.58
	QLrs-1B.1	1B	388.87	3.50	5.74—6.24
	QLrs-1B.2	1B	546.67—615.58	3.21—3.38	4.90—6.02	[45]
	QLrs-2A	2A	709.15—712.70	3.15—3.71	4.82—5.69
	QLrs-2B	2B	593.63	3.14	4.79	[46]
	QLrs-2B.1	2B	710.72	3.77	6.69
	QLrs-4A	4A	108.38—132.33	3.84	6.81—7.62
	QLrs-4B.1	4B	295.96—329.77	3.63—3.82	5.87—5.90
	QLrs-5A	5A	314.16—355.87	3.05—3.09	4.66—4.72
	QLrs-5A.1	5A	364.19—377.11	3.07—3.84	4.68—5.90
	QLrs-6B	6B	633.89—704.89	3.03—3.39	4.62—6.42	[47]
	QLrs-6D	6D	151.83—159.39	4.13—3.46	5.26—6.35
	QLrs-6D.1	6D	237.98—258.61	3.35—3.89	5.13—5.97
	QLrs-7B	7B	477.99—533.57	3.15—3.33	4.82—5.95

山西小麦品种苗期锈病抗性鉴定及抗病基因检测

Evaluation of Rust Resistance in the Seedling Stage of Wheat Varieties and Disease-Resistant Gene Detection in Shanxi Province, China

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