水分状态对连阴雨天气采收柑橘果实贮藏性能的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.24.012

中国农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (24): 5259-5273.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.24.012

水分状态对连阴雨天气采收柑橘果实贮藏性能的影响

覃璐¹(), 谌丹丹², 江晓丽¹, 谢合平³, 敖义俊⁴, 杨阳², 朱峰¹, 许让伟¹, 廖文月²^,^*(), 程运江¹^,^*()

¹ 华中农业大学园艺林学学院/果蔬园艺作物种质创新与利用全国重点实验室/国家柑橘保鲜技术研发专业中心，武汉 430070
² 宜昌市农业科学研究院，湖北宜昌 443009
³ 宜昌市夷陵区农业技术服务中心，湖北宜昌 443199
⁴ 城固县果业技术指导站，陕西汉中 723299

收稿日期:2025-04-18 接受日期:2025-06-25 出版日期:2025-12-22 发布日期:2025-12-22
通信作者:
廖文月，E-mail：liaowy2022@163.com。
程运江，E-mail：yjcheng@mail.hzau.edu.cn
联系方式: 覃璐，Tel：15872513569；E-mail：1848486639@qq.com。
基金资助:
宜昌市科技研究与开发项目(A24-1-064)

Effect of Water Status on the Storability of Citrus Fruits Harvested Under Continuous Rainy Weather

QIN Lu¹(), SHEN DanDan², JIANG XiaoLi¹, XIE HePing³, AO YiJun⁴, YANG Yang², ZHU Feng¹, XU RangWei¹, LIAO WenYue²^,^*(), CHENG YunJiang¹^,^*()

¹ College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences of Huazhong Agricultural University/National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Wuhan 430070
² YiChang Academy of Agricultural Science, Yichang 443009, Hubei
³ Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Yiling County, Yichang 443199, Hubei
⁴ Chenggu Fruit Industry Technical Guidance Station, Hanzhong 723299, Shaanxi

Received:2025-04-18 Accepted:2025-06-25 Published:2025-12-22 Online:2025-12-22

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】采收期连阴雨天气造成腐烂损耗率高，一直是困扰柑橘采后生产的重要问题。阐明持续降雨影响柑橘保鲜效果的原因，为针对此问题开发经济实用的柑橘保鲜技术提供理论依据。【方法】以采收期遭受连阴雨天气的宽皮柑橘为材料，广谱消毒为对照组，采用3种方式对果实进行保鲜处理：（1）柑橘生产的常用保鲜剂处理（50 mg·L^-1氯氟吡氧乙酸+100 mg·L^-1咪鲜胺+100 mg·L^-1百可得，BX）；（2）40 ℃环境中热处理2 h（HT）；（3）保鲜剂协同40 ℃环境中热处理2 h（BH）。将处理后的果实常温贮藏，每隔7 d统计一次腐烂率，并检测果实失重率、果皮含水量、果皮抗氧化酶活性以及总酚、总黄酮等指标。为进一步探讨水分状态对连阴雨天气采收柑橘果实贮藏性能的影响，以山金柑果实为材料进行平行试验，采用低场核磁共振技术（LF-NMR）分析贮藏过程中果实内部自由水和结合水的动态变化及比例和初生代谢物含量的变化。【结果】保鲜剂协同热处理（BH）能使遭受连阴雨天气的柑橘果皮含水量保持稳态，果皮含水量维持在（75.51±1.00）%的稳定区间；且根据柑橘果实品种的差异，温州蜜柑果实的腐烂率较对照组下降（15.24±5.35）个百分点，椪柑果实的腐烂率较对照组下降4.58个百分点；同时，该处理增强了果实SOD、POD活性，维持总酚、总黄酮的积累并增强果实抗性，减缓果皮水分散失并降低采后腐烂率。山金柑果实在常温贮藏35 d后，BH处理组果实腐烂率比对照组下降了15.56个百分点，总含水量维持在69.80%，比对照组高2.58个百分点，其变化趋势与宽皮柑橘一致。低场核磁共振检测显示，与对照组相比，BH处理组山金柑果实在贮藏后期果实内部水分充足且分布均匀。贮藏第28天，结合水比例较初始值增长2.00个百分点，自由水较初始值下降3.00个百分点，各水分状态在贮藏期间保持稳定，表明BH处理可有效抑制水分相态迁移并维持其稳定性。同时，山金柑果实的初生代谢物分析证实BH处理还能促进抗性相关代谢物积累。【结论】保鲜剂协同40 ℃热处理2 h（BH）可有效维持遭受连阴雨天气柑橘果实采后水分稳态，促进结合水比例增长，激活活性氧清除系统和苯丙烷代谢途径，通过协同调控水分状态与抗性代谢网络改善果实贮藏性能，显著降低果实的腐烂率。

关键词: 柑橘, 采后保鲜, 抗性, 低场核磁, 水分, 热处理, 初生代谢

Abstract:

【Objective】Continuous precipitation during the harvest season results in elevated decay incidence in citrus fruits, posing a critical challenge for postharvest management. This study aimed to decipher the underlying mechanisms by which continuous precipitation compromises fruit preservation, so as to provide a theoretical basis for developing economically storage protocols. 【Method】Satsuma mandarin and Ponkan fruits were harvested under continuous precipitation during the harvest period, broad-spectrum disinfection as the control group, which subjected to three treatments: (1) industry-standard preservative cocktail (50 mg·L^-1 chlorofluoropyridine acetic acid+10 mg·L^-1 prochlorpene+100 mg·L^-1beclomethasone) (BX); (2) heat treatment (2 hours 40 ℃ ) (HT), and (3) Synergistic treatment combining BX and HT (BH). Fruits were stored under ambient conditions, with decay rates recorded weekly. Additional fruit quality parameters were also measured, including weight loss, pericarp moisture content, enzymatic activities and total phenolic/flavonoid levels. Parallel experiments were conducted on Fortunella hindsii Swingle fruits, utilizing low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) to quantify bound/free water ratios. Moreover, primary metabolite profiles of the samples during storage were detected by GC-MS. 【Result】The BH treatment stabilized pericarp moisture at (75.51±1.00)%, significantly mitigating water loss relative to controls. Decay rates declined by (15.24±5.35) and 4.58 percentage points of BH-treated Satsuma mandarin and Ponkan, respectively. Moreover, BH-treated fruits exhibited elevated SOD and POD activities, maintaining phenolic/flavonoid accumulation and enhancing oxidative stress resistance. BH-treated fruit exhibited elevated SOD/POD activities, sustaining phenolic/flavonoid accumulation and enhancing oxidative stress resistance. In Fortunella hindsiii Swingle, BH reduced decay by 15.56 percentage points at day 35, with total moisture content at 69.80% (2.58% higher than controls). Furthermore, LF-NMR revealed BH promoted bound water (+2.00%) while reducing free water (-3.00%) after 28 days, inhibiting water phase migration and enhancing stability. Metabolite profiling confirmed BH-induced accumulation of resistance-related metabolites.【Conclusion】The synergistic treatment (BH) effectively maintained postharvest water homeostasis of citrus fruits harvested under continuous precipitation by increasing bound water ratios, activating ROS scavenging systems (via SOD/POD upregulation), and enhancing phenylpropanoid metabolism. Consequently, this dual regulatory mechanism of water status and metabolic networks significantly suppressed decay incidence.

Key words: citrus, postharvest preservation, resistance, low-field nuclear magnetic resonance, water content, heat treatment, primary metabolism

覃璐, 谌丹丹, 江晓丽, 谢合平, 敖义俊, 杨阳, 朱峰, 许让伟, 廖文月, 程运江. 水分状态对连阴雨天气采收柑橘果实贮藏性能的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(24): 5259-5273.

QIN Lu, SHEN DanDan, JIANG XiaoLi, XIE HePing, AO YiJun, YANG Yang, ZHU Feng, XU RangWei, LIAO WenYue, CHENG YunJiang. Effect of Water Status on the Storability of Citrus Fruits Harvested Under Continuous Rainy Weather[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(24): 5259-5273.

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水分状态对连阴雨天气采收柑橘果实贮藏性能的影响

Effect of Water Status on the Storability of Citrus Fruits Harvested Under Continuous Rainy Weather

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