低温循环诱导的胁迫记忆调控黄瓜耐冷性机制

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.24.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】低温是导致我国北方冬季设施黄瓜产量和品质下降的重要胁迫因子，低温诱导的胁迫记忆作为植物应对环境变化的可塑性行为在其对逆境的适应中发挥重要作用。探讨低温循环诱导的胁迫记忆调控黄瓜耐冷性机制，为增强设施黄瓜对低温逆境的适应能力提供技术指导。【方法】以‘津优35号’黄瓜幼苗为试材，在人工气候室内进行处理，设未进行低温诱导处理（C0R0）、低温诱导1次（C1R1：光照8 ℃/黑暗8 ℃处理24 h→25 ℃/18 ℃恢复48 h）、循环诱导2次（C2R2：低温和恢复条件同上，循环2次）和3次（C3R3：低温和恢复条件同上，循环3次）4个处理，然后进行低温处理（8 ℃/5 ℃），以常温下C0R0处理作对照。低温胁迫48—72 h后取样测定相关指标。【结果】与C0R0相比，低温下，经低温循环诱导的黄瓜幼苗冷害症状明显减轻，丙二醛（MDA）、电解质渗漏率（EL）、冷害指数（CI）及过氧化氢（H₂O₂）和超氧阴离子（$\mathrm{O}_2^{\bar{.}}$）积累量显著降低，超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、抗坏血酸过氧化酶（APX）和谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）活性与mRNA表达量显著升高，其中，以C2R2的冷害症状最轻。低温胁迫48 h C2R2黄瓜幼苗的CI比C0R0低30.6%，MDA含量、EL及H₂O₂和$\mathrm{O}_2^{\bar{.}}$积累量分别比C0R0低39.4%、29.8%、34.0%和48.0%，SOD、POD、APX和GR活性分别比C0R0高48.3%、185.1%、34.8%和50.4%，其mRNA表达量分别比C0R0高0.94、3.45、1.76和1.17倍。低温循环诱导还可显著上调冷胁迫响应基因CsICE1、CsCBF1、CsCOR47及热激蛋白基因CsHSPs水平，CsHSP26.5和CsHSP17.6C过表达可显著提高低温循环诱导的黄瓜耐冷性。【结论】低温胁迫记忆可提高黄瓜幼苗耐冷性，循环2次效果最好，其主要作用机理是：（1）增强低温下黄瓜幼苗抗氧化系统活性，减少活性氧（ROS）积累，从而减轻低温胁迫造成的氧化伤害；（2）通过上调低温下黄瓜幼苗叶片冷胁迫响应基因表达和功能激活提高黄瓜耐冷性；（3）CsHSPs参与低温循环诱导的胁迫记忆对黄瓜耐冷性的调控。低温循环诱导2次产生的黄瓜胁迫记忆时间介于14—21 d。

关键词: 低温循环诱导, 胁迫记忆, 抗氧化系统, 冷胁迫响应基因, 热激蛋白, 黄瓜

Abstract:

【Objective】Chilling stress is a significant abiotic factor that leads to reduction in yield and quality of cucumber plants cultivated in solar greenhouse during winter. Cold-induced stress memory, as a flexible behavior in response to environmental changes, plays an important role in plant acclimation to adverse conditions. To elucidate the regulatory mechanism of cold circulation-induced stress memory on the chilling tolerance in cucumber, and provide technical guidance for enhancing the adaptation of cucumber to low temperature in solar-greenhouse. 【Method】Jinyou 35 cucumber plants were used as experimental materials, and were treated in an artificial climate chamber. There were four treatments: No cold induction treatment (C0R0), single cold induction (C1R1: 24 h treatment at a day/night temperature of 8 ℃/8 ℃ followed by a recovery period of 48 h at 25 ℃/18 ℃), repeated cold circulation induction twice (C2R2: same conditions as C1R1, cycle twice), and repeated cold circulation induction three times (C3R3: same conditions as C1R1 treatment, cycle three times). Subsequently, the seedlings were exposed to chilling stress condition (8 ℃/5 ℃). The C0R0 treatment at normal temperature (25 ℃/18 ℃) was used as the control. Following a 48 h exposure to chilling stress, the functional leaves were sampled for analysis. 【Result】The results showed that cold circulation induction significantly alleviated the symptoms of chilling injury, markedly reduced the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), electrolyte leakage (EL), chilling injury index (CI), as well as the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and superoxide anion ($\mathrm{O}_2^{\bar{.}}$) in cucumber seedlings, compared with the C0R0. The cold circulation induction treatments exhibited a significant increase in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) and their mRNA expression levels, relative to the C0R0 treatment under chilling stress. Among the cold circulation induction treatments, C2R2 exhibited the mildest symptoms of chilling injury. After exposure to 8 ℃/5 ℃ for 48 h, the CI of C2R2 seedlings decreased by 30.6% compared to that of the C0R0. Moreover, the MDA content, EL, as well as the accumulation of H₂O₂and $\mathrm{O}_2^{\bar{.}}$ in C2R2 seedlings were lower by 39.4%, 29.8%, 34.0% and 48.0%, respectively compared with those observed in C0R0 seedlings. However, the activities of SOD, POD, APX and GR of C2R2 treatment were 48.3%, 185.1%, 34.8% and 50.4% higher, with corresponding increases in mRNA expression by 0.94-, 3.45-, 1.76- and 1.17-fold, respectively, compared to the C0R0 seedlings. The induction of cold circulation also significantly upregulated the expression levels of cold- responsive genes CsICE1, CsCBF1, CsCOR47 and heat shock protein CsHSPs. Overexpression of CsHSP26.5 and CsHSP17.6C distinctly enhanced the chilling tolerance of cucumber induced by cold circulation induction. 【Conclusion】Stress memory induced by cold circulation can enhance the chilling tolerance of cucumber seedlings, with the most optimal effect observed after two cycles. The main mechanisms are: (1) Cold circulation induction increase the activity of antioxidant system and decrease the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under chilling stress, and consequently alleviate the oxidative damage in cucumber caused by chilling stress; (2) Cold circulation induction upregulate the expression of cold- responsive genes and activates of their function, thereby improving the chilling tolerance of cucumber seedlings; (3) CsHSPs are involve in the regulation of stress memory induced by cold circulation to the chilling tolerance in cucumber. The stress memory induced following two cycles of cold circulation in cucumber plants was between 14 d and 21 d.

Key words: cold circulation induction, stress memory, antioxidant system, cold response genes, CsHSPs, cucumber

赵猛, 毕焕改, 孟令浩, 姜婷婷, 张晓伟, 艾希珍. 低温循环诱导的胁迫记忆调控黄瓜耐冷性机制[J]. 中国农业科学, 2024, 57(24): 4933-4944.

ZHAO Meng, BI HuanGai, MENG LingHao, JIANG TingTing, ZHANG XiaoWei, AI XiZhen. The Regulatory Mechanism of Cold Circulation Induction Stress Memory in Chilling Tolerance in Cucumber[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(24): 4933-4944.

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