河北省太行山区‘辽宁1号’核桃叶片营养诊断技术研究

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.06.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】测定河北省太行山区核桃主栽品种‘辽宁1号’叶片矿质元素并对叶片营养状况进行诊断，为‘辽宁1号’核桃科学施肥提供依据。【方法】测定‘辽宁1号’不同发育阶段叶片中矿质元素含量，以确定叶片营养诊断的采样时间；采用组分营养诊断法（CND）建立核桃叶片营养诊断的元素含量适宜值；运用诊断施肥综合法（L-DRIS）、CND法和适宜值偏差百分数法（DOP）对核桃低产园进行叶片营养诊断，并提供施肥建议。【结果】河北省太行山区‘辽宁1号’核桃叶片营养诊断采集最适时期为8—9月。元素相关性分析显示太行山区核桃叶片中矿质元素之间主要存在相互协同作用，K和Mg之间存在较强的拮抗作用。基于CND拐点值法将产量3.64 t·hm^-2选择为划分核桃高产果园的临界值，由高产果园确定的太行山区核桃叶片矿质元素含量适宜值范围为：N（13.04—17.04）g·kg^-1、P（0.67—1.23）g·kg^-1、K（5.94—10.64）g·kg^-1、Ca（15.64—22.16）g·kg^-1、Mg（3.80—6.62）g·kg^-1、Cu（5.14—8.48）mg·kg^-1、Fe（437.38—794.58）mg·kg^-1、Mn（126.94—172.02）mg·kg^-1、Zn（14.59—34.25）mg·kg^-1。用L-DRIS法、CND法以及DOP法对河北省太行山区核桃低产园进行营养诊断得到的叶片矿质元素含量丰缺状况有所差异，其中L-DRIS法与CND法诊断结果一致性更高。综合3种营养诊断方法得到河北省太行山区核桃低产园的需肥顺序为：K>P>N>Zn>Mn>Ca>Fe>Mg>Cu。【结论】河北省太行山区核桃低产园施肥时建议以K元素为主，配施N、P两种矿质元素，同时避免Mg、Cu元素过量施入。

关键词: 核桃, 营养诊断, CND法, 含量适宜值

Abstract:

【Objective】 The mineral element content in leaves of Liaoning 1 walnut in Taihang Mountain area of Hebei Province were determined and the nutritional status of leaves were diagnosed, so as to provide the basis for scientific fertilization for Liaoning 1. 【Method】 The content of mineral elements in Liaoning 1 leaves at different developmental stages were measured to determine the sampling time of leaf nutritional diagnosis. Component nutritional diagnosis (CND) method was used to establish the standard values of element contents for the nutritional diagnosis of Liaoning 1. The diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (L-DRIS), CND, and deviation from optimum percentage (DOP) methods were used to diagnose the leaf nutritional status in low-yielding orchards to provide fertilization strategies. 【Result】 The suitable period for leaf nutritional diagnosis of Liaoning 1 in Taihang Mountains of Hebei province from August to September. Correlation analysis showed that the mineral elements in Liaoning 1 leaves from Taihang Mountain area mainly had synergistic effects, and there was strong antagonistic interaction between K and Mg. Based on the CND analysis, the yield of 3.64 t∙hm^-2 was selected as the yield cutoff value of high-yielding orchards. The optimal values of mineral element content determined by high-yielding orchards were N (13.04-17.04) g∙kg^-1, P (0.67-1.23) g∙kg^-1, K (5.94-10.64) g∙kg^-1, Ca (15.64-22.16) g∙kg^-1, Mg (3.80-6.62) g∙kg^-1, Cu (5.14-8.48) mg∙kg^-1, Fe (437.38-794.58) mg∙kg^-1, Mn (126.94-172.02) mg∙kg^-1, and Zn (14.59-34.25) mg∙kg^-1. There were differences in the abundance and deficiency of mineral elements in Liaoning 1 leaves of low-yielding orchards obtained through L-DRIS, CND, and DOP methods, and the diagnosis results of L-DRIS and CND methods were more consistent. The fertilization order of low-yielding orchards in Taihang Mountain of Hebei province was K>P>N>Zn>Mn>Ca>Fe>Mg>Cu. 【Conclusion】 It was suggested that K should be the main fertilizer, combined with N and P, while excessive applications of Mg and Cu should be avoided in low-yielding orchards.

Key words: walnut, nutritional diagnosis, CND method, optimal values

安秀红, 孙妍, 王芳, 冯启科, 王宁, 李津津, 张俊佩, 王红霞. 河北省太行山区‘辽宁1号’核桃叶片营养诊断技术研究[J]. 中国农业科学, 2024, 57(6): 1153-1166.

AN XiuHong, SUN Yan, WANG Fang, FENG QiKe, WANG Ning, LI JinJin, ZHANG JunPei, WANG HongXia. Research on Leaf Nutritional Diagnosis of Liaoning 1 Walnut in Taihang Mountain Area of Hebei Province[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(6): 1153-1166.

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图/表 11

图1

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图2

表2

表3

核桃园产量"

编号 No.	产量 Yield (t∙hm^-2)	编号 No.	产量 Yield (t∙hm^-2)	编号 No.	产量 Yield (t∙hm^-2)
唐县66 Tangxian66	5.17	曲阳25 Quyang25	3.51	邢台84 Xingtai84	2.84
唐县76 Tangxian76	5.18	唐县20 Tangxian20	3.46	临城32 Lincheng32	2.78
唐县68 Tangxian68	4.84	涉县45 Shexian45	3.45	唐县22 Tangxian22	2.75
赞皇2 Zanhuang2	4.83	井陉60 Jingxing60	3.46	邢台80 Xingtai80	2.70
赞皇1 Zanhuang1	4.74	井陉64 Jingxing64	3.39	赞皇54 Zanhuang54	2.64
邢台67 Xingtai67	4.74	邢台85 Xingtai85	3.38	邢台69 Xingtai69	2.48
邢台77 Xingtai77	4.73	井陉62 Jingxing62	3.36	涉县51 Shexian51	2.46
邢台78 Xingtai78	4.72	赞皇10 Zanhuang10	3.35	武安39 Wu’an39	2.44
赞皇3 Zanhuang3	4.56	赞皇15 Zanhuang15	3.33	武安40 Wu’an40	2.43
邢台72 Xingtai72	4.53	唐县19 Tangxian19	3.32	武安41 Wu’an41	2.40
邢台73 Xingtai73	4.52	曲阳24 Quyang24	3.32	临城31 Lincheng31	2.39
邢台79 Xingtai79	4.28	井陉61 Jingxing61	3.30	邢台83 Xingtai83	2.34
赞皇7 Zanhuang7	4.25	涉县50 Shexian50	3.24	武安42 Wu’an42	2.25
赞皇6 Zanhuang6	4.13	唐县18 Tangxian18	3.23	武安43 Wu’an43	2.24
赞皇14 Zanhuang14	4.04	唐县17 Tangxian17	3.15	邢台92 Xingtai92	2.22
元氏57 Yuanshi57	4.02	唐县21 Tangxian21	3.15	涉县47 Shexian47	2.08
邢台70 Xingtai70	3.94	涉县44 Shexian44	3.15	邢台81 Xingtai81	2.03
赞皇12 Zanhuang12	3.92	赞皇56 Zanhuang54	3.15	顺平37 Shunping37	2.01
元氏59 Yuanshi59	3.91	邢台75 Xingtai75	3.14	邢台86 Xingtai86	1.85
赞皇13 Zanhuang13	3.89	井陉63 Jingxing63	3.14	邢台89 Xingtai89	1.55
元氏58 Yuanshi58	3.87	涉县49 Shexian49	3.12	邢台93 Xingtai93	1.44
赞皇5 Zanhuang5	3.75	唐县23 Tangxian23	3.08	邢台82 Xingtai82	1.35
赞皇16 Zanhuang16	3.75	邢台71 Xingtai71	3.04	邢台88 Xingtai88	1.34
赞皇52 Zanhuang52	3.74	邢台87 Xingtai87	3.04	顺平38 Shunping38	1.20
邢台90 Xingtai90	3.71	临城28 Lincheng28	3.02	顺平36 Shunping36	1.04
赞皇8 Zanhuang8	3.68	赞皇4 Zanhuang4	3.01	顺平34 Shunping34	0.84
赞皇11 Zanhuang11	3.67	临城29 Lincheng29	3.01	临城30 Lincheng30	0.75
涉县46 Shexian46	3.62	涉县48 Shexian48	2.97	顺平33 Shunping33	0.75
赞皇55 Zanhuang55	3.62	临城27 Lincheng27	2.93	顺平35 Shunping35	0.71
邢台74 Xingtai74	3.61	邢台65 Xingtai65	2.93	邢台94 Xingtai94	0.68
赞皇53 Zanhuang53	3.54	邢台91 Xingtai91	2.90
赞皇9 Zanhuang9	3.53	曲阳26 Quyang26	2.84

表3

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表5

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表7

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时间（月-日） Time (M-D)	N	P	K	Ca	Cu	Fe	Mg	Mn	Zn
5-4	0.609	0.838	0.286	-0.328	-0.767	-0.995**	0.233	0.542	-0.983*
6-6	-0.201	0.889	0.599	-0.158	0.402	0.11	0.727	0.883	0.260
7-7	0.911	0.812	0.539	0.774	0.889	0.833	0.813	0.219	-0.473
8-12	0.643	-0.921	-0.405	0.919	0.771	0.531	0.966*	0.781	-0.575
9-2	0.502	-0.673	0.536	0.795	0.785	0.744	0.832	0.886	0.900

元素 Element	累积方差函数F^C_i（V_x）与产量（Y）之间的函数式 Function between F^C_i (V_x) and yield (Y)	产量拐点 Yield at inflection point (t∙hm^-2)
N	F^C_i（V_N）=4.4793Y³-43.221Y²+96.247Y+37.69（R²=0.9809）	3.22
P	F^C_i（V_P）=-0.8969Y³+6.252Y²-26.809Y+94.36（R²=0.9601）	2.32
K	F^C_i（V_K）=-1.5858Y³+17.32Y²-66.391Y+95.064（R²=0.7466）	3.64
Ca	F^C_i（V_Ca）=-0.9607Y³+7.1506Y²-29.851Y+95.241（R²=0.9283）	2.48
Mg	F^C_i（V_Mg）=2.9072Y³-26.402Y²+47.272Y+58.744（R²=0.9681）	3.02
Cu	F^C_i（V_Cu）=3.4702Y³-24.403Y²+15.803Y+105.98（R²=0.9476）	2.34
Fe	F^C_i（V_Fe）=4.4661Y³-41.06Y²+83.777Y+50.262（R²=0.9857）	3.06
Mn	F^C_i（V_Mn）=3.6101Y³-31.227Y²+51.428Y+74.014（R²=0.9949）	2.88
Zn	F^C_i（V_Zn）=3.2087Y³-32.114Y²+69.841Y+57.054（R²=0.99）	3.34
分析参数Norms R	F^C_i（V_R）=4.8623Y³-46.297Y²+102.88Y+33.925（R²=0.9809）	3.17

元素 Element	高产园High-yielding orchards
元素 Element	最大值 Max	最小值 Min	平均值 Mean	标准差 SD	含量适宜值 CCV	最大值 Max	最小值 Min	平均值 Mean	标准差 SD
N (g∙kg^-1)	20.93	11.68	15.04	2.00	15.04±2	20.59	9.86	14.95	2.25
P (g∙kg^-1)	1.59	0.66	0.95	0.28	0.95±0.28	2.14	0.49	0.88	0.28
K (g∙kg^-1)	13.73	4.27	8.29	2.35	8.29±2.35	11.50	3.53	6.54	2.14
Ca (g∙kg^-1)	22.90	10.24	18.90	3.26	18.90±3.26	22.98	9.11	18.55	2.76
Mg (g∙kg^-1)	6.99	3.08	5.21	1.41	5.21±1.41	9.55	2.63	6.11	1.49
Cu (mg∙kg^-1)	10.75	3.58	6.81	1.67	6.81±1.67	12.93	3.43	7.69	1.53
Fe (mg∙kg^-1)	1129.68	358.68	615.98	178.60	615.98±178.60	1282.83	381.93	691.81	173.27
Mn (mg∙kg^-1)	314.33	51.75	149.48	22.54	149.48±22.54	350.83	49.83	154.72	67.78
Zn (mg∙kg^-1)	46.08	10.25	24.42	9.83	24.42±9.83	59.68	12.75	25.04	7.48

元素 Element	N	P	K	Ca	Mg	Cu	Fe	Mn	Zn
N	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
P	-0.017	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
K	0.18	0.034	1	-	-	-	-	-	-
Ca	0.011	0.034	0.017	1	-	-	-	-	-
Mg	-0.061	0.093	-0.613**	0.495**	1	-	-	-	-
Cu	-0.051	0.049	0.094	-0.019	-0.194	1		-	-
Fe	0.270*	0.037	0.09	0.034	-0.058	0.136	1	-	-
Mn	-0.037	-0.014	0.083	0.2	0.047	0.088	-0.003	1	-
Zn	-0.147	-0.128	0.222	0.326**	-0.177	-0.017	-0.234	0.234	1

地点Site	I_N	I_P	I_K	I_Ca	I_Mg	I_Cu	I_Fe	I_Mn	I_Zn	NBIm
赞皇 Zanhuang	-6.85	-1.01	-8.15	0.52	3.69	1.88	5.53	2.79	1.59	6.80
唐县 Tangxian	-2.26	-1.89	0.31	-0.88	-3.05	5.83	-1.01	-2.54	5.50	4.35
曲阳 Quyang	-0.65	1.07	-9.27	4.54	12.39	-2.26	0.45	-0.06	-6.21	4.82
临城 Lincheng	-7.76	-3.51	-6.23	-10.56	-10.22	47.72	0.03	-2.50	-6.97	13.31
顺平 Shunping	-5.16	-4.64	-11.85	-1.33	10.51	10.14	2.86	-0.37	-0.15	6.73
武安 Wu’an	-4.01	-6.51	-1.06	-3.29	-5.67	4.57	7.16	6.69	2.14	5.51
涉县 Shexian	-0.58	-4.99	-10.51	-1.12	0.92	1.38	9.00	5.55	0.35	6.19
元氏 Yuanshi	1.93	-0.50	-2.08	1.58	-0.06	2.40	1.19	-3.23	-1.24	6.63
井陉 Jingxing	2.21	-3.47	-6.68	-4.35	2.27	1.69	-0.04	10.28	-1.91	5.42
邢台 Xingtai	3.63	-1.35	-8.03	4.39	8.77	0.68	-2.71	-3.49	-1.88	7.64
太行山区 Taihang	-1.42	-2.72	-7.09	-0.35	3.04	6.74	1.67	0.75	-0.62	7.00