中国农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (10): 2013-2025.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.10.011
收稿日期:
2021-09-07
接受日期:
2021-12-31
出版日期:
2022-05-16
发布日期:
2022-06-02
通讯作者:
何非
作者简介:
韩晓,Tel:18801311676;E-mail: 基金资助:
HAN Xiao(),YANG HangYu,CHEN WeiKai,WANG Jun,HE Fei()
Received:
2021-09-07
Accepted:
2021-12-31
Online:
2022-05-16
Published:
2022-06-02
Contact:
Fei HE
摘要:
【目的】类黄酮物质是酿酒葡萄的重要代谢产物,对葡萄果实及其葡萄酒的品质有重要影响。研究不同砧木对‘丹娜’(Vitis vinifera L. cv. Tannat)葡萄基本理化指标和类黄酮物质的影响,为砧木的选择利用提供理论依据。【方法】以‘丹娜’葡萄新梢为接穗,绿枝嫁接‘1103P’‘101-14’‘SO4’和‘贝达’(‘Beta’)等4种不同砧木,在分析不同嫁接苗商业采收期(2016、2017和2019年)葡萄果实基本理化指标(可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、pH、百粒重)的基础上,利用高效液相色谱-质谱联用(HPLC-MS)技术,检测‘丹娜’葡萄不同砧穗组合和自根苗的类黄酮物质组成和含量。【结果】砧木对‘丹娜’葡萄果实百粒重影响较小,自根苗和‘101-14’嫁接的‘丹娜’葡萄可溶性固形物较高;Tannat/1103P、Tannat/101-14和Tannat/Beta组合果汁可滴定酸浓度高于自根苗;Tannat/SO4组合的花色苷和黄酮醇含量最低,Tannat/101-14组合与自根苗花色苷和黄酮醇含量较高;Tannat/101-14组合果皮中的黄烷醇含量较高,Tannat/1103P组合果皮中花色苷、黄酮醇含量较低,但黄烷醇含量较高。通过OPLS-DA模型,发现与自根苗相比,Tannat/101-14组合差异化合物主要是二甲花翠素类花色苷;Tannat/Beta组合主要差异化合物为二甲花翠素类、花翠素类和乙酰化类花色苷、槲皮素类黄酮醇以及总黄烷醇;而Tannat/SO4组合与自根苗差异化合物二甲花翠素类、花翠素类、花青素类和乙酰化类花色苷及槲皮素类黄酮醇;Tannat/1103P组合的差异化合物则主要为乙酰化类和二甲花翠素类花色苷、槲皮素类黄酮醇。【结论】在北京地区,4种砧木嫁接都有降低‘丹娜’葡萄果实中甲基花青素类、甲基花翠素类、花青素类、非酰化类、乙酰化类、香豆酰化类花色苷以及梅酮类和西伯利亚落叶松黄酮类黄酮醇物质的趋势。‘101-14’嫁接的‘丹娜’葡萄果皮中花色苷、黄酮醇、黄烷醇等类黄酮物质积累较多,有利于酿酒品质的提升,推荐使用;而‘SO4’嫁接的‘丹娜’葡萄类黄酮物质积累较少,不推荐使用。
韩晓, 杨航宇, 陈为凯, 王军, 何非. 不同砧木对欧亚种葡萄‘丹娜’果实类黄酮物质的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(10): 2013-2025.
HAN Xiao, YANG HangYu, CHEN WeiKai, WANG Jun, HE Fei. Effects of Different Rootstocks on Flavonoids of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Tannat Grape Fruits[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(10): 2013-2025.
表1
不同砧穗组合‘丹娜’葡萄果实的基本理化指标"
砧穗组合 Rootstock combination | 年份 Vintage | T | T/101-14 | T/1103P | T/Beta | T/SO4 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
百粒重 100-berries weight (g) | 2016 | 180.99±17.99a | 180.07±21.08a | 206.68±16.30a | 171.37±7.80a | 208.68±20.27a |
2017 | 179.90±1.73a | 177.68±9.11a | 165.63±3.12ab | 159.25±1.19bc | 174.92±2.30ab | |
2019 | 187.97±5.23a | 186.7±6.77a | 174.71±3.38b | 175.73±4.36b | NA | |
可溶性固形物 Total soluble solids (°Brix) | 2016 | 20.43±0.25a | 19.93±0.60ab | 18.32±1.21b | 19.90±0.57ab | 17.67±1.36b |
2017 | 17.05±0.07b | 18.30±0.14a | 16.75±0.07b | 14.65±0.07c | 17.15±0.07b | |
2019 | 22.1±0.26a | 22±0.1a | 20.07±0.21b | 19.4±0.1c | NA | |
pH | 2016 | 3.17±0.03ab | 3.23±0.05ab | 3.12±0.07b | 3.27±0.11a | 3.12±0.09b |
2017 | 2.94±0.01b | 3.07±0.01a | 2.95±0.01b | 2.87±0.20c | 2.92±0.02dc | |
2019 | 3.26±0.03b | 3.26±0.06b | 3.41±0.04a | 2.93±0.1c | NA | |
可滴定酸 Titratableacid (g∙L-1) | 2016 | 9.63±1.63ab | 9.13±1.61b | 9.07±0.72ab | 9.62±0.42ab | 10.07±0.75ab |
2017 | 7.27±0.07b | 8.52±0.55a | 8.66±0.35a | 8.44±0.04a | 8.14±0.07ab | |
2019 | 7.6±0.37c | 9.87±0.56b | 8.15±0.2c | 11.47±0.26a | NA |
表2
不同砧穗组合‘丹娜’葡萄花色苷的组成和含量(mg∙kg-1 FW)"
砧穗组合 Rootstock combination | 年份 Vintage | 非酰化 Non-acylation | 乙酰化 Acetylation | 香豆酰化 Coumaric acylation | 咖啡酰化 Coffee acylation | 甲基花青素类 Peonidins | 甲基花翠素类 Petunitins | 二甲花翠素类 Malvidins | 花青素类 Cyanidins | 花翠素类 Delphinidins | 总花色苷 Total anthocyanins |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T | 2016 | 567.12±139.77a | 226.47±51.21a | 235.9±34.35bc | 1.39±0.38b | 87.04±29.02ab | 200.43±48.12a | 641.07±104.17a | 32.86±14.82ab | 69.48±25.45ab | 1030.87±216.9a |
2017 | 744.74±36.87a | 358.3±10.43a | 502.04±3.38a | 7.77±0.14a | 238.58±7.59a | 106.67±2.18a | 1050.69±26.49a | 151.62±2.5a | 65.28±3.81a | 1612.85±46.94a | |
2019 | 981.51±54.3a | 346.17±4.59a | 346.83±15.31a | 4.67±0.17a | 229.49±6.21a | 218.40±18.91a | 1086.04±30a | 39.95±1.38a | 105.3±9.58a | 1679.19±60.84a | |
T/101-14 | 2016 | 382.79±139.68ab | 185.84±43.46ab | 225.76±64.57bc | 1.31±0.48b | 71.89±36.35b | 112.61±23.33c | 535.12±162.66ab | 30.48±11.95ab | 45.6±13.15bcd | 795.69±245.93ab |
2017 | 650.91±46.56b | 347.08±29.75a | 408.52±14.47b | 8.06±0.19a | 230.26±2.34a | 104.25±13.05a | 863.18±50.28b | 142.86±14.03a | 74.04±11.29a | 1414.57±128.66ab | |
2019 | 763.85±21.62b | 289.28±8.46b | 240.05±12.72b | 4.53±0.25a | 187.63±3.89b | 186.13±17.55b | 791.98±17.53c | 35.07±1.19b | 96.89±5.77a | 1297.72±41.12b | |
T/1103P | 2016 | 414.15±87.4ab | 199.18±26.56ab | 322.87±40.13a | 2.29±0.27a | 70.65±14.82b | 134.30±39.18bc | 668.78±67.63a | 27.43±3.74ab | 37.33±9.14cd | 938.49±116.35ab |
2017 | 488.72±13.71cd | 268.82±10.32bc | 329.47±25.82c | 4.58±0.91b | 152.45±14.86b | 86.18±1.2b | 697.44±20.56cd | 105.19±5.95b | 50.33±0.58b | 1091.59±57.64c | |
2019 | 748.87±11.12b | 240.79±3.92d | 327.25±3.56a | 3.92±0.07b | 195.68±4.59b | 149.59±3.9c | 899.87±0.99b | 22.12±2.64c | 53.58±0.41c | 1320.84±5.81b | |
T/Beta | 2016 | 500.06±27.41ab | 242.14±3.8a | 268.68±9.5ab | 1.51±0.07b | 85.88±2.82ab | 186.78±7.08ab | 654.81±25.5a | 24.71±0.38ab | 60.21±1.42abc | 1012.40±36.82a |
2017 | 433.32±51.44de | 223.84±33.39d | 305.85±42.22c | 4.43±1.02b | 116.11±17.34cd | 60.01±5.99d | 679.16±91.75cd | 79.94±4.31c | 32.24±9.68c | 967.44±182.54c | |
2019 | 736.9±49.46b | 271.7±13.42c | 272.86±49.41b | 3.83±0.25b | 178.17±15.64b | 158.60±10.16c | 859.6±69.26bc | 23.49±2.49c | 65.43±2.14b | 1285.29±98.21b | |
T/SO4 | 2016 | 304.25±93.14b | 134.6±53.44b | 179.64±53.49c | 1.08±0.45b | 54.39±20.36b | 106.37±31.17c | 407.89±128.36b | 16.5±5.14b | 34.42±15.66d | 619.57±199.89b |
2017 | 365.24±36.5e | 233.93±32.01cd | 304.02±38.52c | 2.85±0.45b | 94.78±16.91d | 71.22±5.91cd | 633.98±77.88d | 72.86±6.94c | 33.2±0.16c | 906.03±152c | |
2019 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
年份 Vintages | ns | *** | *** | *** | ns | *** | *** | *** | *** | ** | |
砧木 Rootstock | ** | * | ** | *** | ** | *** | * | *** | ** | ** | |
年份×砧木 Vintages × Rootstock | * | * | ** | *** | ** | *** | * | *** | ns | * |
表3
不同砧穗组合‘丹娜’葡萄黄酮醇的组成和含量(mg∙kg-1 FW)"
砧穗组合 Rootstock combination | 年份 Vintage | 杨梅酮类 Myricetins | 山奈酚类 Kaempferols | 槲皮素类 Quercetins | 西伯利亚落叶松黄酮 Laricitrins | 丁香亭类 Syringetins | 异鼠李素 Isorhamnetins | 总黄酮醇 Total flavonol concentrations |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T | 2016 | 14.37±3.69ab | 6.12±0.98b | 78.08±10.65ab | 7.17±0.82b | 7.42±0.54ab | 3.08±0.8bcd | 116.24±14.77ab |
2017 | 25±1.62a | 15.82±1.12a | 90.41±4.00a | 8.49±0.22abc | 9.28±1.06a | 4.23±0.67a | 152.06±10.01a | |
2019 | 22.37±1.03a | 5.66±1.78a | 105.79±4.83a | 5.49±0.48a | 1.44±0.04a | 16.92±0.34b | 157.66±5.85a | |
T/101-14 | 2016 | 13.72±5.02ab | 8.25±2.67ab | 67.32±28.75ab | 8.51±1.94ab | 9.84±2.98ab | 2.51±0.54cd | 110.15±40.6ab |
2017 | 21.25±0.88b | 14.04±0.95a | 75.08±1.51b | 8.26±0.16abc | 8.17±0.04ab | 4.18±0.20a | 131.51±4.53ab | |
2019 | 23.38±0.15a | 5.16±0.20a | 105.4±1.01a | 5.08±0.3ab | 1.24±0.08b | 20.46±0.55a | 160.71±0.27a | |
T/1103P | 2016 | 13.94±2.45ab | 8.72±1.00ab | 68.88±13.68ab | 8.69±1.02ab | 11.46±2.42a | 2.12±0.61d | 113.81±15.92ab |
2017 | 15.04±1.04c | 8.91±0.69b | 59.95±3.71c | 7.61±0.25bc | 8.24±0.16ab | 3.93±0.11ab | 102.78±7.66cd | |
2019 | 17.07±0.42b | 6±0.32a | 93.14±2.62b | 4.61±0.23bc | 1.16±0.04bc | 14.73±0.05d | 136.71±2.29b | |
T/Beta | 2016 | 15.61±0.83ab | 10.28±0.26ab | 81.42±1.82a | 10.96±0.63a | 10.79±1.07a | 4±0.32ab | 133.07±2.02a |
2017 | 10.99±0.30e | 6.81±0.30c | 58.57±3.34c | 7.34±0.55c | 8.91±0.58a | 2.93±0.15c | 96.38±7.09cd | |
2019 | 16.41±2.88b | 4.48±0.24a | 71.42±7.14c | 4.23±0.41c | 1.07±0.06c | 15.63±0.56c | 113.23±11.16c | |
T/SO4 | 2016 | 10.83±5.76b | 6.59±3.31b | 47.94±11.96b | 5.871.72b | 7.82.01ab | 2.06±0.81d | 81.11±25.12b |
2017 | 12.13±1.54de | 9.41±1.64b | 46.41±5.91d | 7.19±0.92c | 8.44±1.6ab | 3.49±0.27b | 85.17±16.14d | |
2019 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
年份 Vintage | ns | ns | ** | *** | ns | ns | ns | |
砧木 Rootstock | ns | * | ** | ** | ns | ns | ns | |
年份×砧木 Vintages × Rootstocks | ** | ns | ** | ** | ns | * | ns |
表4
不同砧穗组合‘丹娜’葡萄黄烷醇的组成和含量(mg∙kg-1 FW)"
砧穗组合 Rootstock combination | 年份 Vintage | 游离单元 Free unit (%) | 延伸单元 Extension unit (%) | 末端单元 End unit (%) | 总含量 Total content |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T | 2016 | 0.33±0.06ab | 97.64±0.18a | 2.03±0.15b | 2407.87±737.78ab |
2017 | 0.41±0.07a | 95.23±0.97b | 2.18±0.45a | 1739.7±537.72a | |
2019 | 0.35±0.08ab | 96.21±0.34a | 3.07±0.52a | 3105.94±526.06a | |
T/101-14 | 2016 | 0.28±0.05b | 97.59±0.23a | 2.13±0.28b | 3133.13±284.96a |
2017 | 0.3±0.09bc | 96.56±0.16a | 1.58±0.12b | 2039.73±431.15a | |
2019 | 0.4±0.04a | 96.09±0.04a | 3.37±0.25a | 2992.87±254.77a | |
T/1103P | 2016 | 0.3±0.05ab | 94.8±2.34ab | 4.9±2.39a | 1723.59±612.61b |
2017 | 0.25±0.01bcd | 95.81±0.19ab | 1.97±0.09ab | 2033.97±129.38a | |
2019 | 0.19±0.07b | 96.45±0.06a | 3.21±0.09a | 2944.9±61.53a | |
T/Beta | 2016 | 0.35±0.06ab | 97.57±0.30a | 2.08±0.24b | 2131.93±112.34ab |
2017 | 0.33±0.06ab | 94.97±0.79b | 2.35±0.36a | 1901.87±211.11a | |
2019 | 0.4±0.14a | 95.65±0.15b | 3.53±0.16a | 3411.52±43.98a | |
T/SO4 | 2016 | 0.35±0.14ab | 97.26±0.35a | 2.4±0.41b | 2308.82±116.85ab |
2017 | 0.31±0.07abc | 95.56±0.43ab | 2.06±0.24ab | 1729.58±619.48a | |
2019 | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
年份 Vintage | *** | ** | * | * | |
砧木 Rootstock | *** | ns | ns | ns | |
年份×砧木 Vintage × Rootstock | * | ns | ns | ns |
表5
基于类黄酮化合物构建的OPLS-DA模型参数"
比较组 Comparison | 成分 Component | R2X | R2Y | Q2Y | 200次置换检验 Permutation tests (200 times) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R2Y intercept | Q2Y intercept | |||||
T vs T/Beta | 1+6 | 0.999 | 0.958 | 0.656 | 0.633 | -1.75 |
T vs T/SO4 | 1+4 | 0.995 | 0.989 | 0.901 | 0.733 | -1.73 |
T vs T/1103P | 1+5 | 0.997 | 0.966 | 0.761 | 0.467 | -1.44 |
T vs T/101-14 | 1+5 | 0.998 | 0.929 | 0.659 | 0.623 | -1.34 |
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