慢生根瘤菌及其与花生共生机制研究进展

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.08.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

氮是植物生长发育所必需的大量元素之一,豆科植物通过与根瘤菌的共生固氮获得氮素。这种共生关系的建立包括结瘤和固氮两个过程,涉及复杂的互作调控机理,并受环境因素的显著影响。花生与慢生根瘤菌的共生对花生生产尤为重要,具有较多特异和未知的共生机制。本文综述了慢生根瘤菌及其与花生共生的相关内容,具体包括：（1）花生的慢生根瘤菌多样性和基因组功能;（2）花生与慢生根瘤菌的共生机制,包括慢生根瘤菌的裂隙侵染及与花生的共生信号交流,花生的结瘤固氮和根瘤数调控机制;（3）田间环境因素（土壤氮素、pH、温度、水分）对花生结瘤固氮及产量的影响。本文从慢生根瘤菌、慢生根瘤菌与花生的共生以及在花生田间的应用三方面指出目前研究中存在的问题主要为：针对花生的慢生根瘤菌基因组功能研究较少、慢生根瘤菌与花生互作调节机理细节未知、慢生根瘤菌菌剂田间应用利用率差等。基于此,未来研究重点应该集中在花生慢生根瘤菌基因组及基因功能分析;慢生根瘤菌与花生的信号交流、根瘤数调节和营养交换机制;与根瘤固氮规律相配合的化学氮肥合理施用技术、通过合成生物学手段获得适用于花生种植的新型根瘤菌剂等方面。本文为深入了解豆科植物与根瘤菌的共生机制、提高豆科作物结瘤固氮效率和产量、减少化学氮肥施用和改善农业生态环境等提供理论基础。

关键词: 慢生根瘤菌, 花生, 共生固氮, 结瘤固氮机制, 多样性, 环境因素

Abstract:

Nitrogen is one of the essential elements for plant growth, which is obtained by legumes through symbiotic nitrogen fixation with rhizobia. The establishment of symbiotic relationship includes nodulation and nitrogen fixation, involving complex regulatory mechanisms, which is also significantly affected by environmental factors. Symbiosis between peanut and bradyrhizobia is essential for peanut growth and production, but contains many specific and unknown symbiotic mechanisms. In this review, symbiosis between peanut bradyrhizobia and peanut was reviewed, including: (1) Diversity and genomic functions of peanut bradyrhizobia; (2) Symbiotic mechanisms between peanut and bradyrhizobia: rhizobial crack infection and symbiotic signal exchange with peanut, peanut nodulation, nitrogen fixation, and nodule number regulation mechanisms; (3) Effects of environmental factors (soil nitrogen, pH, temperature and water content) on peanut nodulation, nitrogen fixation and yield. This review pointed out current problems in peanut bradyrhizobia, symbiosis between peanut and bradyrhizobia, and peanut field application, including few studies on genome functions of peanut bradyrhizobia, unknown interaction mechanisms between bradyrhizobia and peanut in details, as well as, poor utilization rate of peanut bradyrhizobia in the field, etc. Based on this analysis, the future researches should focus on genome omics analysis and gene functional analysis of peanut bradyrhizobia; signal communication pathways, nodule number regulation mechanisms, nutrient exchange systems between bradyrhizobia and peanut; rational application systems of nitrogen fertilizer that match with nodule nitrogen fixation rules, and obtain new peanut bradyrhizobia agents for peanut planting through synthetic biology. This article provided the theoretical basis for further understanding the symbiotic mechanisms of legumes and rhizobia, improving nodulation and nitrogen fixation efficiency of legume crops, reducing chemical nitrogen application, and improving agricultural ecological environment.

Key words: bradyrhizobia, peanut, symbiotic nitrogen fixation, mechanism of nodulation and nitrogen fixation, diversity, environmental factor

吴月, 隋新华, 戴良香, 郑永美, 张智猛, 田云云, 于天一, 孙学武, 孙棋棋, 马登超, 吴正锋. 慢生根瘤菌及其与花生共生机制研究进展[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(8): 1518-1528.

WU Yue, SUI XinHua, DAI LiangXiang, ZHENG YongMei, ZHANG ZhiMeng, TIAN YunYun, YU TianYi, SUN XueWu, SUN QiQi, MA DengChao, WU ZhengFeng. Research Advances of Bradyrhizobia and Its Symbiotic Mechanisms with Peanut[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(8): 1518-1528.

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