关键词: 玉米, 病害, 病原, 汉译名称

Abstract:

By reorganization of maize diseases and causal agents reported worldwide, a proposal for standardized translation of Chinese names of maize diseases and pathogens has been given in this article. A total of 185 fungal, oomycete, bacterial, viral and nematode diseases and 380 species/times causal agents in maize were gathered from books, including Compendium of Corn Diseases (4th edition, MUNKVOLD G P and WHITE D G, 2016), Maize Diseases (MCGEE D C, 1988), Field Crop Diseases (NYVALL R F, 1999), Illustrated Handbook of Maize Diseases, Insect Pests and Weeds in China (WANG X M and WANG Z Y, 2018), The American Phytopathological Society (APSnet, 2019), and some research articles. Some English names of maize diseases were originated from their pathogen species names. Accompanied by advances on scientific knowledge and identification techniques, 62 pathogen species were changed to new taxonomic category, which is different from the old taxonomic name, so the old disease name is not related with the new pathogen name that it will cause the confusion in practice. For international communication on maize diseases with universality, scientificity and normativity, 27 English names of maize diseases are proposed to modify with their new taxonomic names. 185 infectious diseases on maize were collected and reorganized including 123, 20, 26 and 16 diseases caused by fungi/oomycetes, bacteria, viruses and nematodes, respectively. The 185 maize diseases were caused by 286 pathogenic species/subspecies/varieries/pathovars, included 147 fungi, 34 oomycetes, 20 bacteria and 3 spitoplasm/phytoplasm, 38 viruses and 44 nematodes. The 185 Chinese names of maize diseases have been revised based on the principle of respecting the names published in historical and classic works of Chinese maize diseases or widely adopted in practice, including 96 new Chinese names based on the causal agent names and typical symptoms on maize. For the Chinese name of the maize pathogens, it should be given priority to the name of fungi, bacteria, viruses or nematodes in published plant and medical pathogen monographs, Flora Fungorum Sinicorum and research articles, and to give Chinese name first for the pathogen without Chinese name before based on the original meaning of pathogen’s Latin genus name and species epithet (English in virus). Standardized English names of maize diseases and determined taxonomic status of pathogens will be of benefit to scientific communication among maize disease researchers worldwide and to promote new researches. Under the determination of Chinese names of maize diseases and pathogens, the standardized names will be widely used for preventing translation between English-Chinese name of maize disease and pathogen optionally, and it will provide a correct list for research and teaching on maize diseases to avoid various ambiguities of the names and mistakes of disease-to-pathogen.

Key words: maize, disease, pathogen, Chinese name