中国农业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (24): 4437-4452.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.24.001
解松峰1,2,吉万全1(),王长有1,胡卫国3,李俊4,张耀元1,师晓曦1,张俊杰1,张宏1,陈春环1
收稿日期:
2019-06-19
接受日期:
2019-08-06
出版日期:
2019-12-16
发布日期:
2020-01-15
通讯作者:
吉万全
作者简介:
解松峰,E-mail:xiesongfengboheng@163.com。
基金资助:
SongFeng XIE1,2,WanQuan JI1(),ChangYou WANG1,WeiGuo HU3,Jun LI4,YaoYuan ZHANG1,XiaoXi SHI1,JunJie ZHANG1,Hong ZHANG1,ChunHuan CHEN1
Received:
2019-06-19
Accepted:
2019-08-06
Online:
2019-12-16
Published:
2020-01-15
Contact:
WanQuan JI
摘要:
【目的】穗部性状是小麦重要的产量性状,在小麦产量构成中占据重要地位和作用。开展小麦穗部性状遗传研究、分析其遗传机制,对制定高产育种策略、提高育种效率提供理论和实践指导。【方法】以主茎穗长、小穗数、穗粒数、小穗粒数为指标,采用数量性状的主基因+多基因混合遗传模型方法,对不同生态环境条件下来自母本品冬34与父本BARRAN及其衍生的F7:8、F8:9代重组自交系群体(RIL)进行穗部性状的遗传模型分析与遗传参数估计,以确定控制各性状的基因数目,估计遗传效应值及遗传率。【结果】穗长和小穗数的最佳遗传模型均是B-2-1(PG-AI),符合2对连锁主基因+加性-上位性多基因遗传模型。穗长的多基因遗传率是90.64%,小穗数的多基因遗传率是89.52%,穗长的环境变异平均值占表型变异的比例为9.39%,小穗数的环境变异平均值占表型变异的比例为10.50%;穗粒数的最佳遗传模型是G-1(MX3-AI-A),符合3对加性-上位性主基因加多基因+加性混合遗传模型,主基因遗传率是69.39%,多基因遗传率是29.94%,环境变异平均值占表型变异的比例为2.18%。控制穗粒数的第1对主基因的加性效应值和第3对主基因的加性效应值数值相等,同是4.56,具有正向效应。第2对主基因的加性效应值与加性效应和第1对主基因×第2对主基因×第3对主基因的加性效应值相同,均是-1.64,且为负向效应。加性和加性×加性上位性互作效应值与加性和第2对主基因加性×第3对主基因加性上位性互作效应值相等,均是-6.02。加性和第1对主基因加性×第3对主基因加性上位性互作效应值是0.18,多基因的加性效应值是0.15,表现为较低的正向遗传效应;小穗粒数的最佳遗传模型是H-1(4MG-AI),符合4个主基因+加性-上位性遗传模型,主基因遗传率是81.50%。第1至4对主基因加性效应值分别为0.22、0.18、-0.20和0.24,加性和第1对主基因×第1对主基因的加性上位性互作效应值是-0.170,加性和第1对主基因×第3对主基因的加性效应值是0.240,加性和第1对主基因×第4对主基因的加性效应值是-0.20,加性和第2对主基因×第3对主基因的加性效应值与加性和第2对主基因加性×第4对主基因加性上位性互作效应值绝对值相同,效应相反,前者值是0.03,后者值是-0.03。加性和第3对主基因×第4对主基因×的加性效应值是0.06。【结论】小麦穗部性状以多基因遗传效应为主,符合数量遗传特征,易受环境影响。小穗粒数存在着主基因遗传特性,主基因遗传力较高,受环境影响小,小穗粒数可作为有效改良穗部性状早期选择的直接指标,实现单株定向选择,提高育种效率。
解松峰,吉万全,王长有,胡卫国,李俊,张耀元,师晓曦,张俊杰,张宏,陈春环. 小麦穗部性状的主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(24): 4437-4452.
SongFeng XIE,WanQuan JI,ChangYou WANG,WeiGuo HU,Jun LI,YaoYuan ZHANG,XiaoXi SHI,JunJie ZHANG,Hong ZHANG,ChunHuan CHEN. Genetic Analysis of Panicle Related Traits in Wheat with Major Gene Plus Polygenes Mixed Model[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(24): 4437-4452.
表1
重组自交系及其亲本穗部性状最佳线性无偏预测描述性分析"
环境Environment | 性状 Trait | 亲本Parent | 重组自交系群体 RIL | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
品冬34 Pin- Dong34 | Warran | 最小值 Minimum | 最大值 Maximum | 平均数 Average | 标准差 SD | 变异系数 Coefficient of variation/CV (%) | 遗传力 Heritability | 偏度系数 Skewness | 峰度系数 Kurtosis | ||
2016SY | 穗长 SL (cm) | 9.00 | 5.00 | 4.00 | 14.00 | 8.44 | 1.92 | 0.23 | 0.92 | 0.08 | -0.53 |
2017SY | 9.00 | 5.25 | 4.00 | 26.20 | 8.45 | 1.92 | 0.23 | 0.91 | 1.58** | 14.10** | |
2017HY | 9.78 | 6.13 | 4.88 | 14.90 | 9.43 | 1.80 | 0.19 | 0.90 | 0.02 | -0.45 | |
2017SG | 10.67 | 5.17 | 3.77 | 14.17 | 9.00 | 2.48 | 0.27 | 0.97 | -0.16 | -0.98 | |
平均 Average | 9.61 | 5.39 | 4.16 | 17.32 | 8.83 | 2.03 | 0.23 | 0.92 | 0.38** | 3.03** | |
2016SY | 小穗数SME | 19.00 | 14.00 | 11.00 | 27.00 | 18.39 | 2.34 | 0.13 | 0.88 | 0.27** | 0.58** |
2017SY | 19.00 | 15.75 | 12.60 | 22.33 | 17.19 | 1.59 | 0.09 | 0.34 | 0.21* | 0.14* | |
2017HY | 17.25 | 15.00 | 9.25 | 39.50 | 17.48 | 2.37 | 0.14 | 0.62 | 1.66** | 5.36** | |
2017SG | 21.00 | 21.00 | 13.33 | 59.00 | 20.58 | 3.11 | 0.15 | 0.95 | 1.77** | 3.71** | |
平均值 Average | 19.06 | 16.44 | 11.55 | 36.96 | 18.41 | 2.35 | 0.13 | 0.70 | 0.98** | 2.45** | |
2016SY | 单穗 粒数 GME | 50.00 | 39.00 | 27.00 | 104.00 | 56.32 | 10.92 | 0.19 | 0.92 | 0.92** | 2.31** |
2017SY | 44.25 | 39.25 | 26.00 | 69.60 | 43.01 | 5.86 | 0.14 | 0.40 | 0.48** | 1.05** | |
2017HY | 33.75 | 35.75 | 15.25 | 55.50 | 37.11 | 5.35 | 0.14 | 0.80 | 0.15* | 0.68** | |
2017SG | 48.33 | 52.00 | 8.33 | 94.00 | 45.14 | 12.70 | 0.28 | 0.92 | -0.35 | 0.36** | |
平均 Average | 44.08 | 41.50 | 19.15 | 80.78 | 45.39 | 8.71 | 0.19 | 0.76 | 0.30** | 1.10** | |
2016SY | 小穗 粒数 GSE | 2.63 | 2.79 | 2.00 | 9.00 | 3.07 | 0.44 | 0.14 | 0.85 | 5.67** | 12.24** |
2017SY | 2.32 | 2.53 | 1.73 | 8.78 | 2.62 | 0.77 | 0.29 | 0.81 | 5.72** | 17.04** | |
2017HY | 1.95 | 2.38 | 1.62 | 31.25 | 2.21 | 1.35 | 0.61 | 0.90 | 2.03** | 5.58** | |
2017SG | 2.30 | 2.48 | 0.20 | 3.71 | 2.15 | 0.62 | 0.29 | 0.97 | -0.92 | 0.95** | |
平均 Average | 2.30 | 2.54 | 1.39 | 13.18 | 2.51 | 0.80 | 0.32 | 0.88 | 3.13** | 8.95** |
表2
小麦重组自交系品冬34×Barran F8、F9群体穗部性状最佳遗传模型分离分析的极大似然函数MLV值和Akaike信息准则AIC值"
环境Environment | a模型代码Model Code | b模型含义Implication of model | AIC值AIC value | 极大似然函数值log_Max_likelihood_value | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
穗长 SL(cm) | 小穗数 SME | 单穗粒数GME | 小穗粒数GSE | 穗长 SL(cm) | 小穗数 SME | 单穗粒数GME | 小穗粒数GSE | |||
2016SY | B-1-9 | 2MG-IE | 2008.766 | 2202.984 | 3630.920 | 568.647 | -1001.383 | -1098.492 | -1812.460 | -281.323 |
2017SY | 2042.412 | 1871.954 | 3892.716 | 836.451 | -1018.206 | -932.977 | -1943.358 | -415.226 | ||
2017HY | 2005.506 | 2264.683 | 3068.409 | -151.936 | -999.753 | -1129.341 | -1531.204 | 78.968 | ||
2017SG | 2280.090 | 2518.826 | 3905.365 | 831.225 | -1137.045 | -1256.413 | -1949.683 | -412.612 | ||
平均值Average | 2084.194 | 2214.612 | 3624.353 | 521.097 | -1039.097 | -1104.306 | -1809.176 | -257.548 | ||
2016SY | B-2-1 | PG-AI | 1991.08 | 2184.541 | 3649.384 | 554.133 | -990.540 | -1087.271 | -1819.692 | -272.066 |
2017SY | 2016.217 | 1855.786 | 3899.482 | 920.279 | -1003.108 | -922.893 | -1944.741 | -455.140 | ||
2017HY | 1965.160 | 2256.652 | 3074.416 | -88.404 | -977.58 | -1123.326 | -1532.208 | 49.202 | ||
2017SG | 2260.751 | 2507.815 | 3890.493 | 905.074 | -1125.375 | -1248.908 | -1940.246 | -447.537 | ||
平均值Average | 2058.302 | 2201.199 | 3628.444 | 572.771 | -1024.151 | -1095.599 | -1809.222 | -281.385 | ||
2016SY | E-2-5 | MX2-ER-A | 1993.659 | 2204.400 | 3631.760 | 557.823 | -990.83 | -1096.200 | -1809.880 | -272.911 |
2017SY | 2037.382 | 1872.533 | 3888.241 | 841.737 | -1012.691 | -930.267 | -1938.120 | -414.868 | ||
2017HY | 1975.250 | 2264.573 | 3074.295 | -155.919 | -981.625 | -1126.287 | -1531.147 | 83.960 | ||
2017SG | 2179.590 | 2509.166 | 3879.773 | 825.033 | -1083.795 | -1248.583 | -1933.887 | -406.517 | ||
平均值Average | 2046.470 | 2212.668 | 3618.517 | 517.168 | -1017.235 | -1100.334 | -1803.259 | -252.584 | ||
2016SY | E-2-6 | MX2-AE-A | 1984.375 | 2205.064 | 3681.667 | 558.402 | -986.188 | -1096.532 | -1834.834 | -273.201 |
2017SY | 2035.499 | 1870.327 | 3888.148 | 924.373 | -1011.749 | -929.163 | -1938.074 | -456.187 | ||
2017HY | 1964.365 | 2264.534 | 3076.497 | -156.411 | -976.183 | -1126.267 | -1532.248 | 84.206 | ||
2017SG | 2190.648 | 2510.324 | 3892.530 | 907.513 | -1089.324 | -1249.162 | -1940.265 | -447.756 | ||
平均值Average | 2043.722 | 2212.562 | 3634.711 | 558.469 | -1015.861 | -1100.281 | -1811.355 | -273.235 | ||
2016SY | E-2-7 | MX2-CE-A | 2008.310 | 2206.715 | 3681.548 | 558.968 | -999.155 | -1098.357 | -1835.774 | -274.484 |
2017SY | 2038.900 | 1871.419 | 3886.283 | 925.424 | -1014.450 | -930.710 | -1938.141 | -457.712 | ||
2017HY | 1992.014 | 2265.186 | 3074.897 | -157.747 | -991.007 | -1127.593 | -1532.449 | 83.874 | ||
2017SG | 2212.174 | 2508.126 | 3891.372 | 908.553 | -1101.087 | -1249.063 | -1940.686 | -449.276 | ||
平均值Average | 2062.850 | 2212.862 | 3633.525 | 558.799 | -1026.425 | -1101.431 | -1811.763 | -274.400 | ||
2016SY | F-1 | 3MG-AI | 1985.792 | 2203.003 | 3578.592 | 500.386 | -983.896 | -1092.501 | -1780.296 | -241.193 |
2017SY | 2050.987 | 1865.838 | 3896.524 | 837.993 | -1016.493 | -923.919 | -1939.262 | -409.997 | ||
2017HY | 1967.168 | 2268.794 | 3076.632 | -170.353 | -974.584 | -1125.397 | -1529.316 | 94.177 | ||
2017SG | 2164.521 | 2523.808 | 3889.178 | 812.895 | -1073.26 | -1252.904 | -1935.589 | -397.447 | ||
平均值Average | 2042.117 | 2215.361 | 3610.232 | 495.230 | -1012.058 | -1098.68 | -1796.116 | -238.615 | ||
2016SY | F-2 | 3MG-A | 2061.739 | 2303.912 | 3654.398 | 428.251 | -1025.870 | -1146.956 | -1822.199 | -209.126 |
2017SY | 2115.129 | 1856.02 | 3931.771 | 838.167 | -1052.565 | -923.01 | -1960.885 | -414.084 | ||
2017HY | 2116.900 | 2370.007 | 3175.847 | -166.145 | -1053.45 | -1180.003 | -1582.924 | 88.073 | ||
2017SG | 2263.549 | 2451.369 | 3917.213 | 822.204 | -1126.775 | -1220.685 | -1953.606 | -406.102 | ||
平均值Average | 2139.329 | 2245.327 | 3669.807 | 480.619 | -1064.665 | -1117.663 | -1829.904 | -235.310 | ||
2016SY | G-1 | MX3-AI-A | 1985.729 | 2203.538 | 3562.874 | 487.927 | -981.865 | -1090.769 | -1770.437 | -232.963 |
2017SY | 2034.889 | 1869.268 | 3892.910 | 841.503 | -1006.444 | -923.634 | -1935.455 | -409.751 | ||
2017HY | 1963.325 | 2267.739 | 3081.815 | -178.949 | -970.663 | -1122.870 | -1529.907 | 100.474 | ||
2017SG | 2172.129 | 2518.193 | 3883.909 | 826.033 | -1075.064 | -1248.096 | -1930.954 | -402.017 | ||
平均值Average | 2039.018 | 2214.685 | 3605.377 | 494.128 | -1008.509 | -1096.342 | -1791.688 | -236.064 | ||
2016SY | H-1 | 4MG-AI | 1804.726 | 2198.415 | 3572.438 | 572.548 | -891.363 | -1088.207 | -1775.219 | -275.274 |
2017SY | 2048.989 | 1873.771 | 3893.070 | 822.622 | -1013.495 | -925.885 | -1935.535 | -400.311 | ||
2017HY | 1960.836 | 2268.425 | 3079.402 | -244.665 | -969.418 | -1123.212 | -1528.701 | 133.332 | ||
2017SG | 2164.815 | 2518.811 | 3885.512 | 805.103 | -1071.407 | -1248.406 | -1931.756 | -391.552 | ||
平均值Average | 1994.842 | 2214.856 | 3607.606 | 488.902 | -986.421 | -1096.428 | -1792.803 | -233.451 |
表3
重组自交系群体(品冬34×Barran)穗部相关性状的最佳遗传模型适合性检验"
性状 Traits | 环境 Environment | 模型代码 Modelcode | 模型含义 Implication of model | 世代 Generation | 统计量Statistic | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
U12 | U22 | U32 | nW2 | Dn | |||||
穗长 SL(cm) | 2017SY | B-2-1 | PG-AI | P1 | 0.5511(0.4579) | 0.3309(0.5651) | 0.3297(0.5659) | 0.5036(0.0397) | 0.4948(0.0088) |
P2 | 0.0268(0.8701) | 0.0993(0.7527) | 0.3929(0.5308) | 0.151(0.3881) | 0.4143(0.3929) | ||||
RIL | 0.0577(0.8102) | 0.3641(0.5463) | 2.1999(0.1380) | 0.0854(0.6733) | 0.0354(0.5748) | ||||
小穗数 SME | 2016SY | B-2-1 | PG-AI | P1 | 0(0.9998) | 0(0.9968) | 0.0003(0.9865) | 0.0541(0.8519) | 0.25(0.9062) |
P2 | 0(1) | 0.0245(0.8756) | 0.392(0.5312) | 0.0385(0.9405) | 0.24(0.9810) | ||||
RIL | 0.1318(0.7166) | 0.2995(0.5842) | 0.6132(0.4336) | 1.8464(2.98E-05) | 0.154(2.51E-10) | ||||
穗粒数 GME | 2016SY | G-1 | MX3-AI-A | P1 | 0.4341(0.5100) | 0.3268(0.5676) | 0.0704(0.7908) | 0.0678(0.771) | 0.3233(0.8155) |
P2 | 0.4341(0.5100) | 0.3268(0.5676) | 0.0704(0.7908) | 0.0678(0.771) | 0.3233(0.8155) | ||||
RIL | 0.0455(0.8311) | 0.0049(0.9440) | 1.2258(0.2682) | 1.428(2.52E-04) | 0.1279(3.00E-07) | ||||
小穗粒数 GSE | 2017SY | H-1 | 4MG-AI | P1 | 0.1133(0.7364) | 0.5279(0.4675) | 2.5687(0.1090) | 0.1469(0.4011) | 0.3086(0.2420) |
P2 | 0.0564(0.8122) | 0.0075(0.9312) | 1.6016(0.2057) | 0.0937(0.6285) | 0.3291(0.7942) | ||||
RIL | 0.0036(0.9519) | 0.0086(0.9261) | 0.0188(0.8908) | 0.0394(0.9364) | 0.0315(0.7159) | ||||
2017HY | H-1 | 4MG-AI | P1 | 1.9215(0.1657) | 0.1336(0.7148) | 15.2622(9.36E-05) | 0.5132(0.0375) | 0.457(0.0199) | |
P2 | 0.0427(0.8363) | 0.0469(0.8286) | 2.7766(0.0957) | 0.1411(0.4202) | 0.2822(0.4653) | ||||
RIL | 0.0016(0.9677) | 0.2173(0.6411) | 4.0874(0.0432) | 0.1458(0.4046) | 0.0501(0.1760) | ||||
2017SG | H-1 | 4MG-AI | P1 | 0.2727(0.6015) | 0.1454(0.7029) | 0.247(0.6192) | 0.1503(0.3902) | 0.2221(0.4761) | |
P2 | 0.0023(0.9615) | 0.0588(0.8083) | 1.3396(0.2471) | 0.0813(0.6955) | 0.346(0.7437) | ||||
RIL | 0(0.9954) | 0.0001(0.9917) | 0.0004(0.9844) | 0.0344(0.9596) | 0.0275(0.8516) |
表4
品冬34×Barran群体产量相关性状的部分模型的遗传参数"
性状Traits | 穗长SL(cm) | 小穗数SME | 穗粒数GME | 小穗粒数GSE | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
环境Environment | 2017SY | 2016SY | 2016SY | 2017SY | 2017HY | 2017SG | |
模型含义Implication of model | PG-AI | PG-AI | MX3-AI-A | 4MG-AI | 4MG-AI | 4MG-AI | |
一阶参数估计值1st order parameter Estimate (%) | m(m1) | 8.70 | 17.00 | 56.22 | 2.16 | 2.19 | 2.18 |
m2 | 5.25 | 13.00 | — | — | — | — | |
m3 | 8.45 | 18.40 | — | — | — | — | |
d(da) | — | — | 4.56 | 0.22 | -0.12 | -0.33 | |
db | — | — | -1.64 | 0.18 | -0.12 | 0.16 | |
dc | — | — | 4.56 | -0.20 | -0.07 | 0.06 | |
dd | — | — | — | 0.24 | -0.09 | 0.24 | |
iab (i*) | — | — | -6.02 | -0.17 | 0.08 | 0.01 | |
iac | — | — | 0.18 | 0.24 | 0.06 | 0.11 | |
iad | — | — | — | -0.20 | 0.08 | 0.19 | |
ibc | — | — | -6.02 | 0.03 | 0.06 | -0.09 | |
ibd | — | — | — | -0.03 | 0.08 | -0.03 | |
icd | — | — | — | 0.06 | 0.03 | -0.17 | |
iabc | — | — | -1.64 | — | — | — | |
[d] | — | — | 0.15 | — | — | — | |
二阶参数估计值2nd order parameter Estimate (%) | σ2e | 0.35 | 0.57 | 0.80 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.06 |
σ2p | 3.70 | 5.46 | 36.44 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.06 | |
σ2mg | — | — | 82.59 | 0.31 | 0.04 | 0.33 | |
h2mg (%) | — | — | 69.39 | 81.50 | 71.36 | 85.49 | |
σ2pg | 3.36 | 4.90 | 35.64 | — | — | — | |
h2pg(%) | 90.64 | 89.52 | 29.94 | — | — | — |
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