中国农业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (13): 2309-2327.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.13.010

• 园艺 • 上一篇    下一篇

日中性草莓不同季节果实挥发性成分差异

董静,钟传飞,王桂霞,常琳琳,孙健,孙瑞,张宏力,李睿,隗永青,郑书旗,张运涛()   

  1. 北京市林业果树科学研究院/北京市草莓工程技术研究中心/农业部华北地区园艺作物生物学与种质创新重点实验室,北京 100093
  • 收稿日期:2019-01-18 接受日期:2019-05-13 出版日期:2019-07-01 发布日期:2019-07-11
  • 通讯作者: 张运涛
  • 作者简介:董静,E-mail:dj310730@sohu.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFE0112400);国家自然科学基金(31601714);北京市粮经作物产业创新团队项目(BAIC09-2019)

Comparative Study on Fruit Volatiles of Different Day-Neutral Strawberry Cultivars in Autumn and Winter

DONG Jing,ZHONG ChuanFei,WANG GuiXia,CHANG LinLin,SUN Jian,SUN Rui,ZHANG HongLi,LI Rui,WEI YongQing,ZHENG ShuQi,ZHANG YunTao()   

  1. Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences/Beijing Engineering Research Center for Strawberry/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100093
  • Received:2019-01-18 Accepted:2019-05-13 Online:2019-07-01 Published:2019-07-11
  • Contact: YunTao ZHANG

摘要:

【目的】比较日中性草莓秋季和冬季果实挥发性成分,明确季节变化对挥发性成分构成及香气值的影响,为研究草莓香气形成和开发利用日中性品种提供理论依据。【方法】以日中性品种‘阿尔比’‘蒙特瑞’‘波特拉’和‘圣安德瑞斯’的秋季大拱棚栽培和冬季日光温室栽培的成熟果实为试材,采用顶空固相微萃取和气谱-质谱联用方法检测挥发性成分并进行定性、定量分析,计算挥发性成分的数量、含量、比例和香气值,通过主成分分析对秋、冬果实香气成分含量差异做进一步分析,并依据香气值>1的成分,利用聚类热图对供试样品进行分类。【结果】共检测到88种挥发性成分,计算了57种成分的香气值,其中有30种成分的香气值>1。季节变化对各类挥发性成分数量和总含量的影响因品种而异;冬季果实中酯类成分的含量及在总挥发性成分中的比例显著高于秋季果实,而萜烯类成分的比例则显著低于秋季果实。主成分分析表明,‘波特拉’果实的挥发性成分含量受季节变化影响最小,而‘圣安德瑞斯’受季节影响最大。所有挥发性成分中,丁酸乙酯的平均香气值最高,对果实香气有重要影响;与秋季果实相比,冬季果实乙酸丁酯和丁酸甲酯的香气值显著升高;香气值>1的萜烯类成分在冬季果实中的香气值之和均低于秋季果实。丁酸乙酯、丁酸丁酯、4-甲氧基-2,5-二甲基-3(2H )-呋喃酮(DMMF)、己酸乙酯、芳樟醇等成分在不同季节果实的香气差异中起重要作用。通过热图分析可以将供试样品分为3类,其中第I类样品包括‘阿尔比’秋季果实、冬季果实和‘蒙特瑞’秋季果实,它们的总香气值和丁酸乙酯香气值均高于其他样品。【结论】季节变化主要影响果实的酯类和萜烯类成分,冬季果实的酯类含量、比例显著高于秋季果实,而萜烯类的比例则显著低于秋季果实。4个品种中,‘波特拉’果实挥发性成分含量受季节影响最小,而‘阿尔比’果实香气最浓,香气受季节变化的影响最小,‘圣安德瑞斯’挥发性成分含量和香气均受影响最大。

关键词: 草莓, 日中性品种, 果实挥发性成分构成, 香气值, 酯类, 萜烯类

Abstract:

【Objective】 Fruit volatiles of day-neutral strawberries harvested in autumn and winter were compared to clarify the effects of seasonal changes on volatile composition and odor activity value (OAV) of volatiles, aiming to provide theoretical basis for research on strawberry aroma and utilization of day-neutral cultivars. 【Method】 Matured fruits of day-neutral cultivars (including Albion, Monterey, Portola, and San Andreas) were harvested from high-tunnel in autumn and greenhouse in winter, respectively. Volatiles were extracted by using solid-phase microextraction (SPME), detected by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The numbers, contents, percentages and OAVs of volatiles were calculated. Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to analyze the differences in volatiles content between autumn and winter strawberries. Clustered heatmap was used to classify the samples depending on the volatiles with OVA higher than 1. 【Result】 A total of 88 individual volatiles were identified and the OAVs of 57 volatiles were calculated. It was found that there were 30 components with OAV higher than 1. Effects of seasonal changes on the number of each chemical category and the total content of volatiles varied among cultivars. Compared to the autumn fruits, the content and percentage of esters in winter fruits were significantly higher, while terpenes were remarkably lower. The result of PCA indicated that, compared with other cultivars, volatiles pattern of Portola showed less variation, whereas San Andreas showed the highest variation between two seasons. Ethyl butanoate was very important for these tested cultivars since its average OAV was the highest in all volatiles. The OAVs of butyl acetate and methyl butanoate in winter fruits were noticeably higher than that in autumn fruits. However, compared with autumn fruits, the winter fruits of each cultivar had a lower sum of terpene OAVs that were higher than 1. Ethyl butanoate, butyl butanoate, 4-methoxy-2, 5-dimethyl- 3(2H)-furanone, ethyl hexanoate and linalool played an important role in the aroma differences between fruits of different seasons. The eight tested samples were classified into 3 groups using clustered heatmap. The group I included Albion autumn, Albion winter and Monterey autumn, of which total OAVs and the OAVs of ethyl butanoate were significantly higher than other groups. 【Conclusion】 Seasonal change had a remarkable impact on esters and terpenes in fruit volatiles of day-neutral strawberry cultivars. It was showed that the content and percentage of esters in winter fruits were significantly higher than autumn fruits, while the percentage of terpenes was remarkably lower in winter fruits. Among the 4 tested cultivars, Portola showed the least variation in volatile content between autumn and winter. Albion was the cultivar with intense aroma and its aroma performance presented the least changes when season changed, however, San Andreas was the one with the largest volatile variation both in volatile content and fruit aroma.

Key words: Fragaria × ananassa, day-neutral cultivars, fruit volatiles composition, odor activity value, esters, terpenes