旱地麦田深松蓄水和覆盖播种土壤水分变化与小麦籽粒蛋白质含量的关系

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.15.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】明确旱地麦田休闲期深松蓄水和覆盖保水的技术效果，有利于探索旱地小麦增产提质的最佳耕作及覆盖播种技术新途径。【方法】于2012—2014年度在山西农业大学闻喜小麦试验基地开展大田试验，以休闲期深松和当地传统耕作为主区，以全膜覆土穴播、膜际条播、常规条播为副区，研究深松和覆盖播种对3 m内土壤水分、小麦籽粒蛋白质含量及其产量的影响。【结果】旱地麦田休闲期深松处理播种至开花期0—300 cm土层蓄水量较免耕处理显著提高，产量提高12%—30%，且籽粒谷蛋白含量、蛋白质产量显著提高。两覆盖播种较常规条播，土壤蓄水量越冬至开花期均显著提高，产量提高6%—24%，籽粒醇溶蛋白、总蛋白含量及蛋白质产量显著提高，清蛋白提高。深松条件下，膜际条播较全膜覆土穴播开花期土壤水分显著降低；免耕条件下，两覆盖处理间各生育时期土壤水分差异不显著。膜际条播较全膜覆土穴播产量提高，在2012—2013深松条件和2013—2014免耕条件下差异显著。深松条件下，膜际条播较全膜覆土穴播籽粒蛋白质组分含量，总蛋白质含量及其产量显著提高。此外，相关性分析表明，开花期0—100、100—200、200—300 cm土层土壤蓄水量通过直接与间接作用对籽粒蛋白质积累的总影响均表现为正向作用，且2012—2013年100—200 cm土层土壤水分对籽粒蛋白质含量的提高贡献最大，2013—2014年200—300 cm土层土壤水分对籽粒蛋白质含量的提高贡献最大。从籽粒蛋白质产量形成的贡献来看，休闲期深松主要通过影响开花期土壤水分影响籽粒蛋白质产量，且深松条件下覆盖播种主要是通过影响孕穗期土壤水分而影响籽粒蛋白质产量，且膜际条播对蛋白质产量的贡献显著大于全膜覆土穴播。【结论】休闲期深松有利于蓄积休闲期降雨，覆盖播种有利于保蓄土壤水分，其效果延续至开花期，而生育中期土壤水分与籽粒蛋白质积累密切相关，休闲期深松配套膜际条播覆盖播种有利于旱地小麦产量和品质协同提高。

关键词: 旱地小麦, 休闲期深松, 覆盖播种, 土壤水分, 籽粒蛋白质含量

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of this paper was to clarify the effects of sub-soiling in fallow period (SS) and mulched-sowing on soil water storage, so as to contribute to explore the best tillage and mulched-sowing technique of winter wheat, which could further improve wheat grain yield and quality coordinately. 【Method】Field experiment was carried out from 2012 to 2014 in Wenxi, Shanxi province. Taking with or without SS as the main plots and three sowing methods (film-mulched soil hole sowing, FSH; film-mulched sowing, FM; drill sowing, DS) as the subplots, the effects of sub-soiling and mulched-sowing on soil water storage in the depth of 3 m, grain yield, grain protein content and yield were assessed.【Result】Compared with NT, the soil water storage in 0-300 cm soil layer from sowing stage to anthesis was improved significantly under SS, the yield was increased by 12%-30%, and the grain glutenin content and grain protein yield were improved significantly. Compared with DS, the soil water storage from wintering stage to anthesis stage was improved significantly, the grain yield was increased by 6%-24%, the grain gliadin content, grain protein content and grain protein yield increased significantly, the grain albumin increased. Compared with FSH, the soil water storage at anthesis was decreased significantly under the condition of SS combined with FM, yet showed no significant difference at each stage under the condition of NT combined with FM. The grain yield under FM was superior to that under FSH, showing significant difference under SS in 2012-2013, NT in 2013-2014. Under the condition of SS, the grain protein components content, grain protein content and yield were improved significantly under FM, compared with FSH. In addition, the soil water storage in the soil layer of 0-100, 100-200, 200-300 cm at anthesis showed positive effect by interaction, the soil water storage in the 100-200 cm soil layer showed closely relationship with grain protein in 2012-2013, and the soil water storage in the 200-300 cm soil layer showed closely relationship with grain protein in 2013-2014. Focusing on the contribution to grain protein yield, SS influenced the grain protein yield by affecting the soil water storage at anthesis; Under the condition of SS, the mulched-sowing influenced the grain protein yield by affecting the soil water storage at booting stage, and the contribution under FM was higher than under FSH. 【Conclusion】SS was beneficial to accumulate the precipitation. Mulched-sowing was conductive to reserve the soil water, such effect could last to anthesis. The soil water during the medium-term of the whole life related closely to the grain protein accumulation. In conclusion, SS plus film-mulched sowing could ultimately achieve the coordinated improvement of yield and grain protein content.

Key words: dryland wheat, sub-soiling during the fallow period, mulched-sowing, soil water, grain protein content

张慧芋，孙敏，高志强，梁艳妃，杨清山，张娟，李念念. 旱地麦田深松蓄水和覆盖播种土壤水分变化与小麦籽粒蛋白质含量的关系[J]. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(15): 2860-2871.

ZHANG HuiYu, SUN Min, GAO ZhiQiang, LIANG YanFei, YANG QingShan, ZHANG Juan, LI NianNian. Relationship Between Soil Water Variation, Wheat Yield and Grain Protein and Its Components Contents Under Sub-Soiling During the Fallow Period Plus Mulched-Sowing[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(15): 2860-2871.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.15.003

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2018/V51/I15/2860

参考文献

[1] 侯贤清, 李荣, 贾志宽, 韩清芳. 西北旱作农田不同耕作模式对土壤性状及小麦产量的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(5): 1146-1157.

HOU X Q, LI R, JIA Z K, HAN Q F. Effects of different tillage practices on soil properties and wheat yields in dry farmland of northwest China. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2017, 23(5): 1146-1157. (in Chinese)

[2] WANG X B, CAI D X, HOOGMOED W B, OENEMA O, PERDOK U D. Potential effect of conservation tillage on sustainable land use: a review of global long-term studies. Pedosphere, 2006, 16(5): 587-595.

[3] WANG X B, WU H J, DAI K, ZHANG D C, FENG Z H, ZHAO Q S, WU X P, JIN K, CAI D X, OENEMA O, HOOGMOED W B. Tillage and crop residue effects on rainfed wheat and maize production in northern China. Field Crops Research, 2012, 132(3): 106-116.

[4] 侯贤清, 王维, 韩清芳, 贾志宽, 严波, 李永平, 苏秦. 夏闲期轮耕对小麦田土壤水分及产量的影响. 应用生态学报, 2011, 22(10): 2524-2532.

HOU X Q, WANG W, HAN Q F, JIA Z K, YAN B, LI Y P, SU Q. Effects of rotational tillage during summer fallow on wheat field soil water regime and grain yield. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2011, 22(10): 2524-2532. (in Chinese)

[5] 秦红灵, 高旺盛, 马月存, 马丽, 尹春梅. 两年免耕后深松对土壤水分的影响. 中国农业科学, 2008, 41(1): 78-85.

QIN H L, GAO W S, MA Y C, MA L, YIN C M. Effects of subsoiling on soil moisture under no-tillage 2 years later. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2008, 41(1): 78-85. (in Chinese)

[6] Han J, Jia Z K, Wu W, Li C S, Han Q F, Zhang J. Modeling impacts of film mulching on rainfed crop yield in Northern China with DNDC. Field Crops Research, 2014, 155(5): 202-212.

[7] Dai J L, Dong H Z. Intensive cotton farming technologies in China: Achievements, challenges and countermeasures. Field Crops Research, 2014, 155: 99-110.

[8] LAMPURLANES J, ANGAS P, CANTERO-MARTINEZ C. Root growth, soil water content and yield of barely under different tillage systems on two soils in semiarid conditions. Field Crops Research, 2001, 69(1): 27-40.

[9] 侯慧芝, 吕军峰, 郭天文, 张国平, 董博, 张绪成. 旱地全膜覆土穴播对春小麦耗水、产量和土壤水分平衡的影响. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(22): 4392-4404.

HOU H Z, LÜ J F, GUO T W, ZHANG G P, DONG B, ZHANG X C. Effects of whole field soil-plastic mulching on spring wheat water consumption, yield, and soil water balance in semiarid region. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(22): 4392-4404. (in Chinese)

[10] 李福, 刘广才, 李诚德, 朱永永, 周德禄, 陈其鲜, 单秀章. 旱地小麦全膜覆土穴播技术的土壤水分效应. 干旱地区农业研究, 2013, 31(4): 73-78, 98.

LI F, LIU G C, LI C D, ZHU Y Y, ZHOU D L, CHEN Q X, SHAN X Z. Effects of whole film mulching with soil covering and bunch planting on soil water in field of dry-land wheat. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2013, 31(4): 73-78, 98. (in Chinese)

[11] 李儒, 崔荣美, 贾志宽, 韩清芳, 路文涛, 侯贤清. 不同沟垄覆盖方式对冬小麦土壤水分及水分利用效率的影响. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44(16): 3312-3322.

LI R, CUI R M, JIA Z K, HAN Q F, LU W T, HOU X Q. Effects of different furrow-ridge mulching ways on soil moisture and water use efficiency of winter wheat. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(16): 3312-3322. (in Chinese)

[12] 戴廷波, 赵辉, 荆奇, 姜东, 曹卫星. 灌浆期高温和水分逆境对冬小麦籽粒蛋白质和淀粉含量的影响. 生态学报, 2006, 26(11): 3671-3676.

DAI T B, ZHAO H, JING Q, JIANG D, CAO W X. Effects of high temperature and water stress during grain filling on grain protein and starch formation in winter wheat. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2006, 26(11): 3671-3676. (in Chinese)

[13] 孙敏, 葛晓敏, 高志强, 任爱霞, 邓妍, 赵维峰, 赵红梅. 不同降水年型休闲期耕作蓄水与旱地小麦籽粒蛋白质形成的关系. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(9): 1692-1704.

SUN M, GE X M, GAO Z Q, REN A X, DENG Y, ZHAO W F, ZHAO H M. Relationship between water storage conservation in fallow period and grains protein formation in dryland wheat in different precipitation years. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(9): 1692-1704. (in Chinese)

[14] 范雪梅, 姜东, 戴廷波, 荆奇, 曹卫星. 花后干旱和渍水下氮素供应对小麦籽粒蛋白质和淀粉积聚关键调控酶活性的影响. 中国农业科学, 2005, 38(6): 1132-1141.

FAN X M, JIANG D, DAI T B, JING Q, CAO W X. Effects of nitrogen rates on activities of key regulatory enzymes for grain starch and protein accumulation in wheat grown under drought and waterlogging from anthesis to maturity. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2005, 38(6): 1132-1141. (in Chinese)

[15] 许振柱, 于振文, 王东, 张永丽. 灌溉量对小麦氮素吸收和运转的影响. 作物学报, 2004, 30(10): 1002-1007.

XU Z Z, YU Z W, WANG D, ZHANG Y L. Effects of irrigation amount on absorbability and translocation of nitrogen in winter wheat. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2004, 30(10): 1002-1007. (in Chinese)

[16] Ozturk A, Aydin F. Effects of water stress at various growth stages on some quality characteristics of winter wheat. Journal of Agronomy &Crop Science, 2004, 190: 93-99. (in Chinese)

[17] 侯贤清, 李荣, 韩清芳, 王维, 贾志宽. 夏闲期不同耕作模式对土壤蓄水保墒效果及作物水分利用效率的影响. 农业工程学报, 2012, 28(3): 94-100.

Hou X Q, Li R, Han Q F, Wang W, Jia Z K. Effects of different tillage patterns during summer fallow on soil water conservation and crop water use efficiency. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2012, 28(3): 94-100. (in Chinese)

[18] 孙敏, 温斐斐, 高志强, 任爱霞, 邓妍, 赵维峰, 赵红梅, 杨珍平, 郝兴宇, 苗果园. 不同降水年型旱地小麦休闲期耕作的蓄水增产效应研究. 作物学报, 2014, 40(8): 1459-1469.

SUN M, WEN F F, GAO Z Q, REN A X, DENG Y, ZHAO W F, ZHAO H M, YANG Z P, HAO X Y, MIAO G Y. Effects of farming practice during fallow period on soil water storage and yield of dryland wheat in different rainfall years. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2014, 40(8): 1459-1469. (in Chinese)

[19] 赵红梅, 高志强, 孙敏, 赵维峰, 李青, 邓妍, 杨珍平. 休闲期耕作对旱地小麦土壤水分、花后脯氨酸积累及籽粒蛋白质积累的影响. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(22): 4574-4586.

ZHAO H M, GAO Z Q, SUN M, ZHAO W F, LI Q, DENG Y, YANG Z P. Effects of tillage in fallow period on soil water, post-anthesis proline accumulation and grains protein accumulation in dryland wheat. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012, 45(22): 4574-4586. (in Chinese)

[20] 褚鹏飞, 于振文, 王东, 张永丽. 耕作方式对小麦耗水特性和籽粒产量的影响. 中国农业科学, 2010, 43(19): 3954-3964.

CHU P F, YU Z W, WANG D, ZHANG Y L. Effects of tillage on water consumption characteristics and grain yield of wheat. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2010, 43(19): 3954-3964. (in Chinese)

[21] 薛玲珠, 孙敏, 高志强, 王培如, 任爱霞, 雷妙妙, 杨珍平. 深松蓄水增量播种对旱地小麦植株氮素吸收利用、产量及蛋白质含量的影响. 中国农业科学, 2017, 50(13): 2451-2462.

XUE L Z, SUN M, GAO Z Q, WANG P R, REN A X, LEI M M, YANG Z P. Effects of incremental seeding rate under sub-soiling during the fallow period on nitrogen absorption and utilization, yield and grain protein content in dryland wheat. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(13): 2451-2462. (in Chinese)

[22] 雷妙妙, 孙敏, 高志强, 王培如, 任爱霞, 薛玲珠, 杨珍平. 休闲期深松蓄水时期播种对旱地小麦产量的影响. 中国农业科学, 2017, 50(15): 2904-2915.

LEI M M, SUN M, GAO Z Q, WANG P R, REN A X, XUE L Z, YANG Z P. Effects of subsoiling during the fallow period and timely sowing on water storage and wheat yield of dryland. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(15): 2904-2915. (in Chinese)

[23] HE Z H, XIA X C, PENG S B, LUMPKIN T A. Meeting demands for increased cereal production in China. Journal of Cereal Science, 2014, 59(3): 235-244.

[24] 何春雨, 周祥椿, 杜久元, 鲁清林, 张礼军, 周洁, 白斌, 周刚. 全膜覆土免耕穴播栽培技术对冬小麦产量效应的研究. 农业现代化研究, 2010, 31(6): 746-749.

HE C Y, ZHOU X C, DU J Y, LU Q L, ZHANG L J, ZHOU J, BAI B, ZHOU G. Study on winter wheat yield under technology of no-tillage, bunch-planting, whole film and soil mulching during whole growth. Research of Agricultural Modernization, 2010, 31(6): 746-749. (in Chinese)

[25] REHMAN S, KHALIL S K, REHMAN A, AMANULLAH, KHAN A Z, SHAH N H. Micro-watershed enhances productivity of wheat under rainfed condition. Soil and Tillage Research, 2009, 104(1): 82-87.

[26] 李廷亮, 谢英荷, 任苗苗, 邓树元, 单杰, 雷震宇, 洪坚平, 王朝辉. 施肥和覆膜垄沟种植对旱地小麦产量及水氮利用的影响. 生态学报, 2011, 31(1): 212-220.

LI T L, XIE Y H, REN M M, DENG S Y, SHAN J, LEI Z Y, HONG J P, WANG Z H. Effects of fertilization and plastic film mulched ridge-furrow cultivation on yield and water and nitrogen utilization of winter wheat on dryland. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2011, 31(1): 212-220. (in Chinese)

[27] 杨长刚, 柴守玺, 常磊, 杨德龙. 不同覆膜方式对旱作冬小麦耗水特性及籽粒产量的影响. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(4): 661-671.

YANG C G, CHAI S X, CHANG L, YANG D L. Effects of plastic mulching on water consumption characteristics and grain yield of winter wheat in arid region of northwest China. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(4): 661-671. (in Chinese)

[28] 张勉, 孙敏, 高志强, 任爱霞, 尹美强, 杨珍平, 郝兴宇. 年际间周年覆盖保水对旱地小麦植株氮素利用的调控研究. 水土保持学报, 2017, 31(2): 253-261.

ZHANG M, SUN M, GAO Z Q, REN A X, YIN M Q, YANG Z P, HAO X Y. A study on the effects of interannual mulching on nitrogen utilization of dryland wheat in different precipitation years. Journal of soil and water conservation, 2017, 31(2): 253-261. (in Chinese)

[29] 赵晓东, 李廷亮, 谢英荷, 余高, 岳丽, 高慧洲, 加武斌. 覆膜对旱地麦田土壤水分及氮素平衡的影响. 生态学报, 2018, 38(5): 1550-1559.

ZHAO X D, LI T L, XIE Y H, YU G, YUE L, GAO H Z, JIA W B. Effects of plastic film mulching on soil water and nitrogen balance in dryland wheat fields. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018, 38(5): 1550-1559. (in Chinese)

[30] 何红霞, 王朝辉, 包明, 马小龙, 佘旭, 何刚, 邱炜红. 栽培模式对旱地小麦产量和籽粒养分含量的影响. 应用生态学报, 2018, 29(3): 818-826.

HE H X, WANG Z H, BAO M, MA X L, SHE X, HE G, QIU W H. Effects of cultivation patterns on wheat yield and grain nutrient concentration in dryland. Chinese Journal of Applies Ecology, 2018, 29(3): 818-826. (in Chinese)

[31] 李凤民, 鄢珣, 王俊, 李世清, 王同朝. 地膜覆盖导致春小麦产量下降的机理. 中国农业科学, 2001, 34(3): 330-333.

LI F M, YAN X, WANG J, LI S Q, WANG T C. The mechanism of yield decrease of spring wheat resulted from plastic film mulching. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2001, 34(3): 330-333. (in Chinese)

[32] 陈继康, 张宇, 陈军胜, 陈阜, 张海林. 不同耕作方式麦田土壤温度及其对气温的响应特征—土壤温度特征及热特性. 中国农业科学, 2009, 42(8): 2747-2753.

CHEN J K, ZHANG Y, CHEN J S, CHEN F, ZHANG H L. Characteristics of soil temperature and its response to air temperature under different tillage systems—Characteristics of soil temperature and thermal properties. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2009, 42(8): 2747-2753. (in Chinese)

[33] 陈玉章, 柴守玺, 范颖丹, 程宏波, 黄彩霞, 谭凯敏, 常磊, 杨长刚. 覆盖模式对旱地冬小麦土壤温度和产量的影响. 中国农业气象, 2014, 35(4): 403-409.

CHEN Y Z, CHAI S X, FAN Y D, CHENG H B, HUANG C X, TAN K M, CHANG L, YANG C G. Effects of mulching models on soil temperature and yield of winter wheat in rainfed area. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2014, 35(4): 403-409. (in Chinese)

[34] 陈玉华, 张岁岐, 田海燕, 陈炜. 地膜覆盖及施用有机肥对地温及冬小麦水分利用的影响. 水土保持通报, 2010, 30(3): 58-63.

CHEN Y H, ZHANG S Q, TIAN H Y, CHEN W. Effects of plastic mulch and manure on soil temperature and water consumption of winter wheat. Bulletin of soil and water conservation, 2010, 30(3): 58-63. (in Chinese)

[35] 李国清, 石岩. 深松和翻耕对旱地小麦花后根系衰老及产量的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2012, 32(3): 500-502.

LI G Q, SHI Y. Effects of subsoiling tillage and ploughing tillage on the root senescence after anthesis and yield of wheat in dryland. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2012, 32(3): 500-502. (In Chinese)

[36] 李强, 王朝辉, 李富翠, 戴健, 李孟华, 何刚, 曹群虎, 段长林, 鱼昌为. 氮肥管理与地膜覆盖对旱地冬小麦产量和氮素利用效率的影响. 作物学报, 2014, 40(1): 93-100.

LI Q, WANG Z H, LI F C, DAI J, LI M H, HE G, CAO Q H, DUAN C L, YU C W. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer management on yield and nitrogen use efficiency in winter wheat growing on dryland with plastic film mulching. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2014, 40(1): 93-100. (in Chinese)

[37] 张礼军, 张耀辉, 鲁清林, 白玉龙, 周刚, 汪恒兴, 张文涛, 白斌, 周洁, 何春雨. 耕作方式和氮肥水平对旱地冬小麦籽粒品质的影响. 核农学报, 2017, 31(8): 1567-1575.

ZHANG L J, ZHANG Y H, LU Q L, BAI Y L, ZHOU G, WANG H X, ZHANG W T, BAI B, ZHOU J, HE C Y. Effect of tillage model and nitrogen rate on grain quality of dryland winter wheat. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 31(8): 1567-1575. (in Chinese)