苜蓿方捆袋贮饲料品质评价

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.13.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】方捆袋贮是紫花苜蓿青贮模式之一，具有运输使用方便灵活等优点，然而，草捆青贮袋容易破损，导致青贮饲料内部或表面呈斑块状发霉。通过对青贮袋破损与未破损方捆苜蓿青贮饲料品质的综合评价，为紫花苜蓿青贮模式的选择及其在养殖业中的利用提供理论依据。【方法】取青贮袋破损的草捆中未发霉的青贮饲料以及青贮袋未破损的苜蓿青贮饲料，分别从草捆上、中、下三层取样，比较微生物菌落数、化学成分及pH、有机酸和氨态氮含量，使用V-Score和Kariser两种评价方法，综合评价两者的青贮发酵品质。【结果】苜蓿方捆袋贮饲料的干物质含量为43.86%—45.47%，粗蛋白含量为21%以上，中性洗涤纤维含量为35.87%—37.42%，酸性洗涤纤维含量为30.68%—31.79%，灰分含量为8.37%—8.50%，可溶性碳水化合物含量为0.46%—0.53%。青贮袋破损的未发霉苜蓿青贮饲料除了干物质含量显著低于青贮袋未破损的苜蓿青贮饲料之外，两者的各营养成分无显著差异。苜蓿方捆袋贮饲料pH值为4.63—4.72，乳酸、乙酸、丙酸和丁酸占干物质的百分比分别为6.12%—7.04%、2.41%—3.21%、0.18%—0.20%、0.67%—0.89%，氨态氮占总氮的百分比为5.33%—5.79%。青贮袋破损的未发霉苜蓿青贮饲料除了pH值和乙酸含量高于青贮袋未破损的苜蓿青贮饲料之外，两者的乳酸、丙酸、丁酸和氨态氮含量均无显著差异。未发霉的苜蓿青贮饲料中霉菌酵母菌的数量均在104cfu/FM以下。两者V-Score评分等级均属尚可，Kariser评分等级均为3级。【结论】苜蓿方捆袋贮饲料具有良好的发酵品质，方捆袋贮是较理想的苜蓿青贮模式。去除发霉部分，青贮袋破损的青贮饲料其营养成分与青贮袋未破损的苜蓿青贮饲料相同。

关键词: 草捆青贮, 紫花苜蓿, 发酵品质, V-Score评价, Kariser评价

Abstract: 【Objective】 Rectangular bale silage is one pattern of alfalfa silage, which has a greater flexibility with transport and feeding. The technique of big-bale silage is, however, prone to locally spoilage in the face or in the core, because the plastic bag is easily broken. Evaluation to the bale silage quality would provide a theory basis for choosing the alfalfa silage pattern and its application in feeding. 【Method】 Non-spoilage alfalfa silage samples were taken from rectangular bales which the plastic bag were broken or not broken, from upper layer, middle layer and lower layer. Microbial colony numbers, nutrient composition and fermentation quality were compared. Two evaluation systems of V-Score and Kariser were used to evaluate alfalfa bale silage fermentation quality. 【Result】 The dry matter (DM) content of alfalfa bale silage was 43.86%-45.47%, crude protein (CP) was above 21%, natural detergent fiber (NDF) was 35.87%-37.42%, acid detergent fiber (ADF) was 30.68%-31.79%, Ash was 8.37%-8.50%, and water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) was 0.46%-0.53%. The DM of the sample from alfalfa bale silage which plastic bag were broken (BS) were significantly lower than that of sample from alfalfa bale silage which plastic bag were not broken (NBS). The chemical composition were not different from each other. The pH ranged from 4.36 to 4.72, and LA, AA, PA, BA content was 6.12%-7.04%, 2.41%-3.21%, 0.18%-0.20% and 0.67%-0.89%, respectively. AN/TN was 5.33%-5.79%. pH and AA from BS silage were higher than those from NBS silage. Mold and yeast counts of all sample were lower than 104cfu/FM. The mark of V-Score evaluation was average and the mark of Kaiser evaluation was three. 【Conclusion】 Rectangular bale silage is an good alfalfa silage pattern, and has a good fermentation quality. After removing the visible mold silage, the silage from bale which plastic bags were broken could be used as the silage with same quality of silage from bale which plastic bag were not broken.

Key words: rectangular bale silage, alfalfa, fermentation quality, V-Score evaluation, Kaiser evaluation

孙娟娟，王国良，阿拉木斯，赵金梅，白春生. 苜蓿方捆袋贮饲料品质评价[J]. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(13): 2592-2599.

SUN JuanJuan, WANG GuoLiang, A LaMuSi, ZHAO JinMei, BAI ChunSheng. Evaluation of the Quality of Rectangular Bale Alfalfa Silage[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(13): 2592-2599.

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