棉花纤维品质改良相关基因研究进展

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.22.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 棉纤维是优良的、使用最为广泛的天然纤维。随着人们生活水平的提高，对天然纯棉织物的需求不断增加，同时对品质的要求也愈来愈高。因此，提高棉纤维产量和品质成为当前棉花遗传育种的重要目标，对棉纤维发育相关基因的克隆与功能研究是实现这一目标的重要基础。棉纤维发育由4个明显但又重叠的时期组成，包括纤维细胞的起始、伸长（初生壁合成）、次生壁合成和脱水成熟。起始是影响纤维细胞数量的重要时期，而纤维长度和强度的决定发生在次生壁合成期和脱水成熟期。棉纤维发育是一个复杂而有序的过程，由大量的基因参与调控。目前，已经有一些在棉纤维发育过程中发挥重要作用的基因被报道，包括各种转录因子、参与激素代谢基因、编码细胞壁蛋白和细胞骨架蛋白基因、活性氧代谢相关基因、以及参与糖和脂类代谢的基因等。文中对已报道的这些与棉花纤维发育相关基因的克隆和功能分析进行了系统总结，以期为棉花纤维发育及品质改良研究提供参考。

关键词: 棉花, 纤维, 基因, 品质改良

Abstract: Cotton is an excellent and the most widely used natural fiber. With the improvement of living standards of people, the demand for more and better natural cotton fabrics is increasing continuously. Therefore, improving fiber yield and quality has become an important objective of cotton genetic breeding. To achieve this goal, cloning and functionally identifying cotton fiber development-related genes is the main foundation. Cotton fiber development consists of four distinct but overlapping stages, including fiber initiation, elongation (primary cell wall synthesis), secondary cell wall biosynthesis, and drying and maturation. The number of fibre cells per ovule is established at the initiation stage, and the length and strength of fibres are determined mainly at the stages of elongation and secondary cell wall synthesis. Cotton fiber development is a complicated and ordered process regulated by a large number of genes. To date, it has been reported that some genes play important roles in cotton fibre development, including various transcription factors, genes controlling the metabolism of plant hormones, cell wall and cytoskeleton-associated proteins, gene involving in the release or consumption of ROS, and lipid- and sugar- metabolism genes, etc. In order to provide reference for the future study of cotton fiber development and quality improvement, advances in the cloning and functional analysis of genes related to cotton fiber development were systematically summarized in this paper.

Key words: cotton, fiber, gene, quality improvement

杨君，马峙英，王省芬. 棉花纤维品质改良相关基因研究进展[J]. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(22): 4310-4322.

YANG Jun, MA Zhi-ying, WANG Xing-fen. Progress in Studies on Genes Related to Fiber Quality Improvement of Cotton[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(22): 4310-4322.

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