核桃种子油体发育及不同品种种子子叶油体特征差异分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.19.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】通过观察不同核桃品种种子油体发育过程，分析其成熟期子叶油体特征，旨在寻找核桃种子油体合成的起始时间及发生位置，了解不同品种种子在子叶油体特征上的差异及其与含油率间的关系，加深对新疆早实核桃品种种子细胞超微结构的认识。【方法】以新疆早实核桃品种‘温185’和‘新新2号’为试验材料，采用索式脂肪测定仪检测核桃种子脂肪含量，并运用透射电子显微镜技术观察种子发育进程中细胞器的发育消解及油体发育过程。【结果】花后30 d，核桃种子胚中开始存在单独的细胞，各细胞壁之间界限清晰；单独细胞中开始形成各种细胞器。花后50 d，细胞内的细胞器更为丰富，同时内质网数量不断增多，且以条状为主。花后60 d，内质网两端开始膨胀增厚，零星出现油体，随后种子胚中的油体数量不断增加直至成熟。细胞中的内质网数量于花后90 d开始减少，其余各种细胞器于花后110 d开始消解。花后120 d，细胞被油体和蛋白体填满。子叶细胞中的油体积累滞后于胚中的油体积累，花后60 d才开始形成单独细胞且细胞内已出现各种细胞器，同时子叶细胞中的内质网已开始膨胀增厚。至花后80 d，内质网才开始分泌小泡，形成油体，晚于胚20 d。成熟期核桃种子子叶细胞完全被油体和少量蛋白体充实，油体呈椭球体或不规则多面体，较少为球体，且油体个体间的形态与大小特征存在较大差异。种子含油率相对较高的‘温185’子叶贮藏细胞内油体数量较种子含油率相对较低的‘新新2号’少，但其直径和截面积之和却较大，且在两个品种间分别存在极显著（P＜0.01）和显著（P＜0.05）差异。【结论】核桃种子胚和子叶中的油体主要发生于内质网，在花后60 d开始积累，且子叶中油体的积累滞后于胚，二者不具有同步性。成熟后种子子叶贮藏细胞内油体直径大小和截面积之和是导致‘温185’与‘新新2号’种仁含油率产生差异的内在主要因素。

关键词: 核桃, 种子, 胚, 子叶, 油体形成

Abstract: 【Objective】Through the observations of different varieties of walnut seed oil body development processes and the analyses of the mature cotyledon oil body characteristics, we aimed at finding walnut seed oil body synthesis initiation time and location, understanding the relationship between the oil rate and the differences in the cotyledon oil of the seeds of different varieties and deepen the understanding of Xinjiang early fruit walnut seed cell ultrastructure.【Method】The oil content were tested by a fat analyzer. The ultrathin sections of resin embedded seeds were observed by a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). 【Result】 Juglans regia ‘Wen185’ and J. regia ‘Xinxin2’seeds were used as materials. The results showed that, in the embryo, the cell can be distinguished from each other and organelles such as vacuole, nucleolus, chloroplast, starch grain, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondrion, the Golgi’s body appeared in each cell after 30 days after flowering (DAF). The number of endoplasmic reticulum were increased after 50 DAF. The tip of the double membrane of endoplasmic reticulum began to be inflated and oil bodies were observed after 60 DAF. The number of oil bodies increased gradually until the fruit matured. The number of endoplasmic reticulum decreased after 90 DAF and organelles disappeared after 110 DAF. The period of organelles which were observed in the cotyledon was later than the embryo. In the period of seed maturity, cells consisted of oil bodies and protein bodies in the cotyledon. The sizes and shapes of the oil bodies were different. Most of oil bodies showed an elliptical or irregular shape. The J. regia ‘Wen185’ had more oil content than J. regia ‘Xinxin2’. Also, it was found that the mean size of the oil bodies of the cotyledons for J. regia ‘Wen185’ was significantly different from the oil bodies of the cotyledons for J. regia ‘Xinxin2’. J. regia ‘Wen185’ has less number of oil bodies per cell than J. regia ‘Xinxin2’. J. regia ‘Wen185’ has larger oil bodies than J. regia ‘Xinxin2’. 【Conclusion】These results provide that oil bodies were originated from the endoplasmic reticulum. The period of organelles which were observed in the cotyledon was later than in the embryo. The length and total sum of the areas of the oil bodies correlate well with the oil content of walnut of Juglans regia ‘Wen185’ and J. regia ‘Xinxin2’.

Key words: walnut, seed, embryo, cotyledons, oil bodies formation

陈虹，潘存德，王蓓，肖真真，胡渊，胡国俊. 核桃种子油体发育及不同品种种子子叶油体特征差异分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(19): 3899-3909.

CHEN Hong, PAN Cun-de, WANG Bei, XIAO Zhen-zhen, HU Yuan, HU Guo-jun . Oil Body Observation in Seed Development and Its Analysis in Seed of Juglans regia ‘Wen185’ and J. regia ‘Xinxin2’ in Period of Seed Maturity[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(19): 3899-3909.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.19.012

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2015/V48/I19/3899

参考文献

[1] 郗荣庭, 张毅萍. 中国核桃. 北京: 中国林业出版社, 1992: 4-6.

Xi R T, Zhang Y P. Chinese Walnut. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House, 1992: 4-6. (in Chinese)

[2] Tzen J T C. Integral proteins in plant oil bodies. International Scholarly Research Network Botany, 2012, doi:10.5402/2012/173954.

[3] 仇键, 谭晓风. 植物种子油体及相关蛋白研究综述. 中南林学院学报, 2005, 25(4): 96-100.

Qiu J, Tan X F. A research summary of oil bodies and protein-associated oil bodies in plant seeds. Journal of Central South Forestry University, 2005, 25(4): 96-100. (in Chinese)

[4] Graham I A. Seed storage oil mobilization. Annual Review Plant Biology, 2008, 59(1): 115-142.

[5] Baud S, Lepiniec L. Physiological and developmental regulation of seed oil production. Progress in Lipid Research, 2010, 49(3): 235-249.

[6] Yatsu L Y, Jacks T L. Spherosome membranes-Half unitmembranes. Plant Physiology, 1972, 49(6): 937-943.

[7] Huang A H C. Oil bodies and oleosins in seeds. Annual Review Plant Physiology, 1992, 43(1): 177-200.

[8] 程红焱, 宋松泉. 种子的贮油细胞器——油体及其蛋白. 植物学通报, 2006, 23(4): 418-430.

Cheng H Y, Song S Q. Seed lipid storage organelles: oil bodys and their proteins. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2006, 23(4): 418-430. (in Chinese)

[9] Tzen J T C, Huang A H C. Surface structure and properties of plant seed oil bodies. Journal of Cell Biology, 1992, 117(2): 327-335.

[10] 傅丽霞, 瞿波. 不同含油量油菜种子子叶贮藏细胞内脂体和蛋白体超微结构的研究. 华中农业大学学报, 1993, 129(6): 566-660.

Fu L X, Qu B. Studies on the ultrastructure of oily bodies and protein bodies in the cotyledon storage cell of mature seeds in rapeseed. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University, 1993, 129(6): 566-660. (in Chinese)

[11] Tzen J T C, Cao Y Z, Laurent P, Ratnayake C, Huang A H C. Lipids, proteins and structure of seed oil bodies from diverse species. Plant Physiology, 1993, 101(1): 267-276.

[12] 董劲松, 石东乔, 高建芹, 李成磊, 刘洁, 戚存扣, 杨维才. 甘蓝型油菜油体数量及面积之和与含油量的相关性. 植物学报, 2009, 44 (1): 79-85.

Dong J S, Shi D Q, Gao J Q, Li C L, Liu J, Qi C K, Yang W C. Correlation between the quantity and the sum of areas of oil bodies and oil content in rapeseed (Brassica napus).Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2009, 44 (1): 79-85. (in Chinese)

[13] 韦存虚, 钦风凌, 李爱民, 张永泰, 周卫东, 王幼平. 油菜种子油体的观察和大小分析. 中国油料作物学报, 2009, 31(4): 445-448.

Wei C X, Qin F L, Li A M, Zhang Y T, Zhou W D, Wang Y P. Oil body observation in seeds of Brassica napus L. Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences, 2009, 31(4): 445-448. (in Chinese)

[14] 殷冬梅, 宋佳静, 张幸果, 李贺敏, 王允, 崔党群. 花生种子在不同发育时期的显微结构分析. 核农学报, 2013, 27(3): 344-349.

Yin D M, Song J J, Zhang X G, Li H M, Wang Y, Cui D Q. Microstructure of peanut seeds at different developmental stages. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, 2013, 27(3): 344-349. (in Chinese)

[15] Huang A H. Oleosins and oil bodies in seeds and other organs. Plant Physiology, 1996, 110(4): 1055-1061.

[16] 王学东, 李英, 崔琳. 大豆子叶发育过程中的显微结构变化. 电子显微学报, 2009, 28(4): 396-403.

Wang X D, Li Y, Cui L. Microstructural changes of cotyledon cells in soybean during seed development. Journal of Chinese Electron Microscopy Society, 2009, 28(4): 396-403. (in Chinese)

[17] 李英, 吕薇, 卜贵军, 崔琳, 王学东. 大豆子叶发育过程中显微结构变化. 东北农业大学学报, 2009, 40(1): 61-65.

Li Y, Lv W, Bu G J, CUI L, Wang X D. Microstructural changes of cotyledon cell in soybean during seeds development. Journal of Northeast Agricultural University, 2009, 40(1): 61-65. (in Chinese)

[18] Schmidt M A, Herman E M. Suppression of soybean oleosin produces micro-oil bodies that aggregate into oil body/ER complexes.Molecular Plant, 2008, 1(6): 910-924.

[19] Huang C Y, Chung C I, Lin Y C, Hsing Y I, Huang A H C. Oil bodies and oleosins in Physcomitrella possess characteristics representative of early trends in evolution. Plant Physiology, 2009, 150(3): 1192-1203.

[20] Siloto R M P, Findlay K, Lopez-Villalobos A,Yeung E C, Nykiforuk C L, Moloney M M. The accumulation of oleosins determines the size of seed oil bodies in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell, 2006, 18(8): 1961-1974.

[21] Mantese A I, Medan D, Hall A J. Achene structure, development and lipid accumulation in sunflower cultivars differing in oil content at maturity. Annuals of Botany, 2006, 97(6): 999-1010.

[22] 罗丽萍, 肖萍, 杜尚广, 江香梅, 付宇新, 郭夏丽. 油茶油体观察及其与含油量的相关性. 中国粮油学报, 2014, 29(11): 82-85.

Luo L P, Xiao P, Du S G, Jiang X M, Fu Y X, Guo X L. Oil bodies observation and the correlation between the oil bodies and oil content in Camellia oleifera Seeds. Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association, 2014, 29(11): 82-85. (in Chinese)

[23] 赵娜, 张媛, 王静, 刘欣, 赵翠格, 郭惠红. 文冠果种子发育及油脂累积与糖类、蛋白质累积之间的关系研究. 植物研究, 2015, 35(1): 133-140.

Zhao N, Zhang Y, Wang J, Liu X, Zhao C G, Guo H H. Seed development, lipid accumulation and its relationship with carbohydrates and protein in Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2015, 35(1): 133-140. (in Chinese)

[24] 王晓茹. 黄连木果实发育以及果实中油体的形成[D]. 西安: 西北大学, 2011.

Wang X R. Fruit development and oil bodies formation in the fruit of Pistaeia chiensis. Shaanxi: Northwest University, 2011. (in Chinese)

[25] Ho L S, Nair A, Yusof H M, Kulaveerasingam H, Jangi M S. Morphometry of lipid bodies in embryo, kernel and mesocarp of oil palm: Its relationship to yield. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 2014, 5(9): 1163-1173.

[26] Pasaribu B, Lin L P, Chen C S, Lu C Y, Jiang P L. Nutrient limitation in Auxenochlorella protothecoides in duces qualitative changes of fatty acid and expression of caleosin as a membrane protein associated with oil bodies. Biotechnology Letters, 2014, 36(1): 175-180.

[27] 中华人民共和国卫生部. GB/T5009.6-2003. 食品中脂肪的测定. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2010.

MinistryofHealthofthePeople’sRepublicof China. GB/T5009.6- 2003. Method For Determination of Fat in Foods. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2010. (in Chinese)

[28] Ekman A, Hayden D M, Dehesh K, Bülow L, Stymne S. Carbon partitioning between oil and carbohydrates in developing oat (Avena sativa L.) seeds. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2008, 59(15): 4247-4257.

[29] Herman E M. Endoplasmic reticulum bodies: solving the insoluble. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 2008, 11(6): 672-679.

[30] Schmidt M A, Herman E M. Suppression of soybean oleosin produces micro-oil bodies that aggregate into oil body/ER complexes. Molecular Plant, 2008, 1(6): 910-924.

[31] Kuerschner L, Moessinger C, Thiele C. Imaging of lipid biosynthesis: how a neutral lipid enters lipid droplets. Traffic, 2008, 9(3): 338-352.

[32] Hu Z Y, Hua W, Zhang L,Deng L B, Wang X F, Liu G H, Hao W J, Wang H Z. Seed structure characteristics to form ultrahigh oil content in rapeseed. Plos One, 2013, 8(4): 1-10.

[33] Heneen W K, Karlsson G, Brismar K, Gummeson P O, Marttila S, Leonova S, Carlsson A S, Bafor M, Banas A, Mattsson B, Debski H, Stymne S. Fusion of oil bodies in endosperm of oat grains. Planta, 2008, 228(4): 589-599.