外源NO对缺氮胁迫下棉花幼苗形态及生长的调控效应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.23.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探讨外源一氧化氮（nitric oxide，NO）对缺氮胁迫下棉花幼苗不同部位叶片以及不同直径范围根系等形态特征及生长情况的影响，分析不同浓度NO对棉花形态生长的调控效应，为外源NO调控棉花生长发育提供理论依据。【方法】在光照培养室内采用水培方法，以农大棉8 号为供试品种，设7 个不同处理，其中以Hoagland全营养液培养的棉花幼苗为对照（CK），以缺氮Hoagland营养液培养的棉花幼苗为外源NO处理对象，利用外源NO供体硝普钠（sodium nitroprusside，SNP）处理棉花幼苗，设置6 个浓度梯度0 μmol·L^-1（T0）、50 μmol·L^-1（T1）、100 μmol·L^-1（T2）、200 μmol·L^-1（T3）、500 μmol·L^-1（T4）和1 000 μmol·L^-1（T5），研究不同NO水平对缺氮胁迫下棉花幼苗叶面积、根系形态、耗水量及干物重的影响。【结果】缺氮胁迫抑制棉花幼苗地上部以及地下部的生长，抑制棉花幼苗叶片数和叶面积的增加，降低了幼苗细根（0.05—0.20 mm）、中等根（0.2—0.45 mm）的根长、根表面积、根体积，减少了耗水量以及干物重。不同浓度外源NO对缺氮胁迫下棉花幼苗地上及地下部生长情况的影响不同。低浓度外源NO（SNP浓度为50—100 μmol·L^-1）能缓解缺氮胁迫对棉花幼苗的伤害，显著促进棉花幼苗上部和下部叶片的生长，促进细根和中等根生长，增加细根和中等根的根长、根表面积及根体积，增加棉花幼苗耗水量，显著增加幼苗干物重。当SNP浓度大于100 μmol·L^-1后，随浓度增加，其缓解作用下降。幼苗叶片数、上部和下部叶片的叶面积、细根和中等根的根长、根表面积、根体积、耗水量以及干物重均下降。综合分析认为氮素缺乏环境下，不同浓度外源NO通过影响棉花幼苗地上部以及根系的生长来缓解缺氮胁迫，以100 μmol·L^-1 SNP处理的棉花幼苗生长最好，而高浓度的SNP则加剧缺氮胁迫对棉苗的抑制。【结论】缺氮胁迫下棉花幼苗长势减弱，适宜浓度外源NO（SNP浓度为50—100 μmol·L^-1）能够在一定程度上缓解缺氮胁迫对棉花幼苗造成的伤害，促进棉花幼苗地上和地下部的生长，提高棉花幼苗对缺氮胁迫的耐性。其中以100 μmol·L^-1SNP缓解效果最显著。

关键词: 棉花, 缺氮胁迫, 一氧化氮, 形态特征, 生长

Abstract: 【Objective】In order to explore the effects of exogenous nitric oxide on cotton seedlings under nitrogen stress, the morphology characteristics of leaves and roots and cotton growth were analyzed, which would provide a theoretical basis for regulation of exogenous nitric oxide in cotton.【Method】The hydroponic experiment was conducted in a growth chamber. Nongdamian 8 was selected as the test material in this study. The experiment consisted of seven different treatments. The control group (CK) was growing under Hoagland's solution. Six treatment groups were grown under different SNP concentrations with the basis of Hoagland's solution without nitrogen. Concentrations of SNP, respectively, were 0 μmol·L^-1(T0), 50 μmol·L^-1(T1), 100 μmol·L^-1(T2), 200 μmol·L^-1(T3), 500 μmol·L^-1 (T4), and 1 000 μmol·L^-1(T5). The leaf area, root morphology characteristics, water consumption and dry weight of cotton seedlings under nitrogen stress were measured. 【Result】The growth of cotton seedlings above-ground and under-ground were inhibited by nitrogen stress. The increase of leaf number and leaf area was inhibited. The root length, root surface area and root volume of fine root (0.05-0.20 mm) and middle root (0.2-0.45 mm) decreased and the water consumption and dry weight also decreased. Different concentrations of exogenous nitric oxide had different effects on nitrogen-stressed cotton seedlings’ above-ground and under-ground growth. The damage of nitrogen stress was alleviated by low concentration exogenous nitric oxide (SNP concentration: 50-100 μmol·L^-1). The upper and down leaf area significant increased by low concentration exogenous nitric oxide. Fine root and middle root growth were affected significantly, whose root length, root surface area and root volume were increased by low concentration exogenous nitric oxide. Water consumption and dry weight also increased by low concentration exogenous nitric oxide. The alleviation effect reduced with the further increase of SNP concentration when the concentration was more than 100 μmol·L^-1. The leaf number, upper and down leaf area, root surface area and root volume of fine root and middle root, water consumption and dry weight all decreased. It was concluded that different concentrations of exogenous nitric oxide could ameliorate the negative effects of nitrogen stress by improving the growth of shoot and root. SNP at 100 μmol·L^-1 was the best in alleviation the nitrogen stress on cotton seedlings, while the high concentration of SNP enhanced the damage of nitrogen stress. 【Conclusion】 Nitrogen stress decreased the growth of cotton seedlings. Nitrogen deficiency was mitigated, the growth of above-ground and under-ground was increased, the tolerance to nitrogen stress was also increased by lower concentration of NO (SNP concentration: 50-100 μmol·L^-1). The 100 μmol·L^-1 SNP has the best mitigative effect on nitrogen stress.

Key words: cotton, nitrogen stress, nitric oxide, morphology, growth

陈静，刘连涛，孙红春，张永江，王占彪，李存东. 外源NO对缺氮胁迫下棉花幼苗形态及生长的调控效应[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(23): 4595-4605.

CHEN Jing, LIU Lian-tao, SUN Hong-chun, ZHANG Yong-jiang, WANG Zhan-biao, LI Cun-dong. Regulatory Effects of Exogenous Nitric Oxide on Morphology of Cotton Seedlings Under Nitrogen Stress[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(23): 4595-4605.

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