土壤团聚结构上水溶性有机物的性质及其对有机肥的响应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.05.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究有机肥和无机肥施用后水溶性有机物（DOM）的性质及与团聚体保护的关系，揭示有机碳稳定性机制。【方法】以不同有机肥施用制度（有机肥种类、数量和施用时间）的稻田长期定位试验土壤为研究对象，通过湿筛分组获得不同团聚结构位置的水溶性有机物，测定DOM中的碳水化合物（CHC）和酚类物质（PEC）浓度。【结果】与游离组分及原土微团聚体相比，大团聚体包裹的微团聚体之间的CHC和PEC浓度更高，平均值分别为163.8和38.6 mg C•kg-1，并具有高CHC/PEC比（4.27）。与单纯施用化肥相比，施用有机肥显著提高了CHC和PEC在各团聚结构位置上的浓度，增幅分别达10.3%和6.3%，且大团聚体内微团聚体之间的位置对有机肥的响应更灵敏。基于团聚体对有机碳的保护程度，有机肥作用下大团聚体保护的CHC和PEC含量和比例均最高，而降低了原土微团聚体保护的CHC和PEC的含量和比例。【结论】不同团聚结构位置上DOM空间分布差异明显，既说明大团聚体是土壤活性有机碳增加和物理保护的最重要结构，又暗示DOM可能对大团聚体及其内部微团聚体的形成具有重要影响。CHC和PEC的浓度及二者比例均在有机肥作用下显著提高。结合团聚体分组进行DOM的评价有助于了解有机碳稳定机制及农业措施对土壤有机碳稳定性的影响。

关键词: 团聚体 , 物理保护 , 水溶性有机物 , 有机肥 , 碳水化合物 , 酚类

Abstract: 【Objective】 The interactions between dissolved organic matter (DOM) and aggregate structure were investigated with soil after organic and inorganic amendments. This study would not only help optimize fertilization managements but also provide mechanistic understanding of organic carbon stabilization. 【Method】 Soil samples were collected from long-term rice paddy field including fertilization treatments of the quantity, quality and the time of organic amendments. The DOM solution located in various aggregate structure was obtained by wet-sieving physical fractionation method, and carbohydrate (CHC) and phenolics (PEC) were determined as DOM properties. 【Result】 Compared to free fractions and original microaggregates, higher CHC (163.8 mg C•kg-1) and PEC (38.6 mg C•kg-1) as well as CHC/PEC ratio (4.27) were observed in the position of inter-microaggregates in macroaggregates. Regardless of aggregate structure, organic amendments increased the CHC and PEC concentrations by 10.3% and 6.3% than that of treatment with only chemical fertilizer, respectively. But the position of inter-microaggregates in macroaggregate showed more sensitive to organic amendments than other positions. Based on the extent of protection exerted by aggregate structure, the contents and proportions of CHC and PEC protected by macroaggregates were the highest, while those in free microaggregates outside of macroaggregates were the lowest. 【Conclusion】 Spatial heterogeneity of DOM distribution demonstrated DOM preferred accumulation at inter-microaggregates of macroaggregates, which have a great significance in respect to macroaggregate stability and the formation of interior microaggregate. Organic amendments increased CHC and PEC and modified their ratio. Combining aggregate and DOM fractionation would help understand the physical mechanism of organic carbon stabilization as well as the impacts of agricultural managements.

Key words: aggregates , physical protection , dissolved organic matter , organic amendments , carbohydrate , phenolics

刘满强, 陈小云, 秦江涛, 黄欠如, 余喜初, 李辉信, 胡锋. 土壤团聚结构上水溶性有机物的性质及其对有机肥的响应[J]. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46(5): 961-969.

LIU Man-Qiang, CHEN Xiao-Yun, QIN Jiang-Tao, HUANG Qian-Ru, YU Xi-Chu, LI Hui-Xin, HU Feng. Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) Properties in Different Aggregates Structure and Their Responses to Organic Amendments[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(5): 961-969.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.05.011

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2013/V46/I5/961

参考文献

[1]Kalbitz K, Solinger S, Park J H, Michalzik B, Matzner E. Controls on the dynamics of dissolved organic matter in soils: a review. Soil Science, 2000, 165: 277-304.

[2]Kalbitz K, Schmerwitz J, Schwesig D, Matzner E. Biodegradation of soil-derived dissolved organic matter as related to its properties. Geoderma, 2003, 113: 273-291.

[3]李忠佩, 吴晓晨, 陈碧云. 不同利用方式下土壤有机碳转化及微生物群落功能多样性变化. 中国农业科学, 2007, 40(8): 1712-1721.

Li Z P, Wu X C, Chen B Y. Changes in transformation of soil organic carbon and functional diversity of soil microbial community under different land use patterns. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2007, 40(8): 1712-1721. (in Chinese)

[4]李玲, 肖和艾, 苏以荣, 黄道友, 吴金水. 土地利用对亚热带红壤区典型景观单元土壤溶解有机碳含量的影响. 中国农业科学, 2008, 41(1): 122-128.

Li L, Xiao H A, Su Y R, Huang D Y, Wu J S. Effects of land use on the content of soil dissolved organic carbon in the typical landscape units in subtropical red earth region. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2008, 41(1): 122-128. (in Chinese)

[5]江玉梅, 陈成龙, 徐志红, 刘苑秋, 欧阳菁, 王芳. 退化红壤区人工林土壤的可溶性有机物、微生物生物量和酶活性. 应用生态学报, 2010, 21(9): 2273-2278.

Jiang Y M, Chen C L, Xu Z H, Liu W Q, Ouyang J, Wang F. Soil soluble organic matter, microbial biomass, and enzyme activities in forest plantations in degraded red soil region of Jiangxi Province, China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2010, 21(9): 2273- 2278 (in Chinese)

[6]梁尧, 韩晓增, 宋春, 李海波. 不同有机物料还田对东北黑土活性有机碳的影响. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44(16): 3565-3574.

Liang Y, Han X Z, Song C, Li H B. Impacts of returning organic materials on soil labile organic carbon fractions redistribution of mollisol in northeast China. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(16): 3565-3574. (in Chinese)

[7]Lamparter A, Bachmann J, Goebel M O, Woche S K. Carbon mineralization in soil: Impact of wetting-drying, aggregation and water repellency. Geoderma, 2009, 150: 324-333.

[8]Liang Q, Chen H, Gong Y, Fan M, Yang H, Lal R, Kuzyakov Y. Effects of 15 years of manure and inorganic fertilizers on soil organic carbon fractions in a wheat-maize system in the North China Plain. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2012, 92: 21-33.

[9]刘满强, 胡锋, 陈小云. 土壤有机碳稳定机制研究进展. 生态学报, 2007, 27(6): 2642- 2650.

Liu M Q, Hu F, Chen X Y. A review on mechanisms of soil organic carbon stabilization. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2007, 27(6): 2642-2650. (in Chinese)

[10]陈晓芬, 李忠佩, 刘明, 江春玉. 不同施肥处理对红壤水稻土团聚体有机碳、氮分布和微生物生物量的影响.中国农业科学, 2013, 46(5): 950-960.

Chen X F, Li Z P, Liu M, Jiang C Y. Effects of different fertilizations on organic carbon and nitrogen contents in water-stable aggregates and microbial biomass content in paddy soil of subtropical China. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(5): 950-960. (in Chinese)

[11]von Lützow M, Kögel-Knabner I, Ekschmitt K, Flessa H, Guggenberger G, Matzner E, Marschner B. SOM fractionation methods: Relevance to functional pools and to stabilization mechanisms. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2007, 39: 2183-2207.

[12]窦森, 郝翔翔. 黑土团聚体与颗粒中碳、氮含量及腐殖质组成的比较. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46(5): 970-977.

Dou S, Hao X X. Comparison of carbon, nitrogen contents and humus compositions in the aggregates and particles of black soil. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(5): 970-977. (in Chinese)

[13]刘恩科, 赵秉强, 梅旭荣, HWAT Bing-So, 李秀英, 李娟. 不同施肥处理对土壤水稳定性团聚体及有机碳分布的影响. 生态学报, 2010, 30(4): 1035-1041.

Liu E K, Zhao B Q, Mei X R, HWAT B S, Li X Y, Li J. Distribution of water-stable aggregates and organic carbon of arable soils affected by different fertilizer application. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2010, 30(4): 1035-1041. (in Chinese)

[14]李辉信, 袁颖红, 黄欠如, 胡锋, 潘根兴, 樊后保. 长期施肥对红壤性水稻土团聚体活性有机碳的影响. 土壤学报, 2008, 45(2): 259-266.

Li H X, Yuan Y H, Huang Q R, Hu F, Pan G X, Fan H B. Effects of long-term fertilization on labile organic carbon in soil aggregates in red paddy soil. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2008, 45(2): 259-266. (in Chinese)

[15]杨佳波, 曾希柏, 李莲芳, 白玲玉. 3 种土壤对水溶性有机物的吸附和解吸研究. 中国农业科学，2008, 41(11): 3656-3663.

Yang J B, Zeng X B, Li L F, Bai L Y. Adsorption and desorption of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in soils. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2008, 41(11): 3656-3663. (in Chinese)

[16]Gregorich E G, Beare M H, Stoklas U, St-Georges P. Biodegradability of soluble organic matter in maize-cropped soils. Geoderma, 2003, 113: 237-252.

[17]Zhang B, Peng X H, Zhao Q G, Hallet P D. Eluviation of dissolved organic carbon under wetting and drying and its influence on water infiltration in degraded soils restored with vegetation. European Journal of Soil Science, 2004, 55: 725-737.

[18]李忠佩, 张桃林, 陈碧云. 可溶性有机碳的含量动态及其与土壤有机碳矿化的关系. 土壤学报, 2004, 41(4): 544-552.

Li Z P, Zhang T L, Chen B Y. Dynamics of soluble organic carbon and its relation to mineralization of soil organic carbon. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2004, 41(4): 544-552. (in Chinese)

[19]占新华, 周立祥, 卢燕宇. 农业常用有机物料中水溶性有机物的理化性质特征. 中国环境科学, 2010, 30(5): 619-624.

Zhan X H, Zhou L X, Lu Y Y. Fractionation and characterization of dissolved organic matter derived from different organic material commonly applied in agriculture. China Environmental Science, 2010, 30(5): 619-624. (in Chinese)

[20]Qualls R G. Biodegradability of humus substances and other fractions of decomposing leaf litter. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2004, 68: 1705-1712.

[21]Chantigny M H. Dissolved and water-extractable organic matter in soils: a review on the influence of land use and management practices. Geoderma, 2003, 113: 357-380.

[22]周萍, 潘根兴, 李恋卿, 张旭辉. 南方典型水稻土长期试验下有机碳积累机制. V. 碳输入与土壤碳固定. 中国农业科学, 2009, 42(12): 4260-4268.

Zhou P, Pan G X, Li L Q, Zhang X H. SOC enhancement in major types of paddy soils in a long-term agro-ecosystem experiment in south China. V. Relationship between carbon input and soil carbon sequestration. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2009, 42(12): 4260-4268. (in Chinese)

[23]刘中良, 宇万太. 土壤团聚体中有机碳研究进展. 中国生态农业学报, 2011, 19(2): 447-455.

Liu Z L, Yu W T. Review of researches on soil aggregate and soil organic carbon. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2011, 19(2): 447-455. (in Chinese)

[24]Liu M Q, Hu F, Chen X Y, Huang Q R, Jiao J G, Zhang B, Li H X. Organic amendments with reduced chemical fertilizer promote soil microbial development and nutrient availability in a subtropical paddy field: The influence of quantity, type and application time of organic amendments. Applied Soil Ecology, 2009, 42: 166-175.

[25]Six J, Callewaert P, Lenders S, Gryze S, Morris S J, Gregorich E G, Paul E A, Paustian K. Measuring and understanding carbon storage in afforested soils by physical fractionation. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2002, 66: 1981-1987.

[26]Dubois M, Giles K A, Hamilton, J K, Rebers P A, Smith F. Colorimetric method for the determination of sugars and related substances. Analytical Chemistry, 1956, 28: 350-356.

[27]Morita H. Total phenolic conetent in the pyrophosphate extracts of two peat soil profiles. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 1980, 60: 291-297.

[28]Rovira P, Vallejo V R. Labile and recalcitrant pools of carbon and nitrogen in organic matter decomposing at different depths in soil: an acid hydrolysis approach. Geoderma, 2002, 107: 109-141.

[29]刘满强. 不同有机肥管理下水稻土生物学性质和有机碳物理保护机制研究[D]. 南京: 南京农业大学, 2005.

Liu M Q. Biological properties and soil organic matter physical protection of paddy soil under different organic management practices[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University, 2005. (in Chinese)

[30]Pan G X, Zhou P, Li Z P, Smith P, Li L Q, Qiu D S, Zhang X H, Xu X B, Shen S Y, Chen X M. Combined inorganic/organic fertilization enhances N efficiency and increases rice productivity through organic carbon accumulation in a rice paddy from the Tai Lake region, China. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment, 2009, 131: 274-280.

[31]Gregorich E G, Liang B C, Drury C F, Mackenzie A F, McGill W B. Elucidation of the source and turnover of water soluble and microbial biomass carbon in agricultural soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2000, 32: 581-587.

[32]Kaiser K, Guggenberger G, Haumaier L. Changes in dissolved lignin-derived phenols, neutral sugars, uronic acids, and amino sugars with depth in forested Haplic Arenosols and Rendzic Leptosols. Biogeochemistry, 2004, 70:135-151.

[33]李江涛, 张斌, 彭新华, 赖涛. 施肥对红壤性水稻土颗粒有机物形成及团聚体稳定性的影响. 土壤学报, 2004, 41(6): 912-917.

Li J T, Zhang B, Peng X H, Lai T. Effects of fertilization on particulate or organic matter formation and aggregate stability in paddy soil. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2004, 41(6): 912-917. (in Chinese)

[34]Singh S, Singh J S. Microbial biomass associated with water-stable aggregates in forest, savanna and cropland soils of a seasonally dry tropical region, India. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1995, 27: 1027-1033.

[35]Puget P, Chenu C, Balesdent J. Total and young organic matter distributions in aggregates of silty cultivated soils. European Journal of Soil Science, 1995, 46: 449-459.

[36]Six J, Elliott E T, Paustian K. Soil macroaggregate turnover and microaggregate formation: a mechanism for C sequestration under no-tillage agriculture. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2000, 32: 2099-2103.

[37]Bachmann J, Guggenberger G, Baumgartl T, Ellerbrock R H, Urbanek E, Goebel M O, Kaiser K, Horn R, Fischer W R. Physical carbon-sequestration mechanisms under special consideration of soil wettability. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 2008, 171: 14-26.

[38]Ashman M R, Hallett P D, Brookes P C. Are the links between soil aggregate size class, soil organic matter and respiration rate artefacts of the fractionation procedure? Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2003, 35: 435-444.