抗真菌转基因水稻对稻田靶标病害和非靶标病虫害的影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】评价抗真菌转基因水稻对靶标真菌病害的抗性和稻田非靶标病虫害发生的影响。【方法】以过表达水稻酸性几丁质酶基因（RAC22）和水稻碱性几丁质酶基因（RCH10）及转化苜蓿β-1,3-葡聚糖酶基因（β-Glu）和大麦核糖体失活蛋白基因（B-RIP）的四价抗真菌转基因水稻品系E122-1和E127-1以及对照非转基因亲本E32为材料，通过温室接种和田间调查开展E122-1和E127-1对稻瘟病、稻曲病和胡麻叶斑病等靶标真菌病害的抗性和对白叶枯病、细菌性条斑病、三化螟和稻纵卷叶螟等非靶标病虫害的影响。【结果】E122-1和E127-1对稻瘟病菌株的抗性比对照明显提高，同时，E122-1和E127-1田间发生稻曲病和胡麻叶斑病的带病株率和病情指数比对照显著降低，而两者田间发生白叶枯病和细菌性条斑病的感病株率和病情指数，发生三化螟的枯心株率和发生稻纵卷叶螟的卷叶株率与对照相比无显著差异。在抗白叶枯病的抗性植株中，E122-1和E127-1的0级植株数量显著高于对照，3级植株数量显著低于对照。【结论】E122-1和E127-1对稻瘟病、稻曲病和胡麻叶斑病具有较好的抗性水平，田间种植，相比对照，不会显著引发白叶枯病、细菌性条斑病、三化螟和稻纵卷叶螟等非靶标病虫害的上升。

关键词: 转基因水稻 , 抗真菌基因 , 非靶标生物 , 病害 , 害虫

Abstract: 【Objective】The study aimed at the effects of transgenic rice with four anti-fungal genes on the target fungal diseases and the non-target bacterial diseases and insect pests in paddy fields. 【Method】 Two transgenic rice lines, E122-1 and E127-1, which were overexpression of rice acidic chitinase gene (RAC22) and rice basic chitinase gene (RCH10) and transformed with alfalfa β-1,3- glucanase gene (β-Glu) and barley ribosome inactivating protein gene (B-RIP), were tested for their effects on the target fungal diseases (rice blast, rice false smut and rice brown spot) and the non-target bacterial diseases (rice bacterial blight and rice bacterial leaf streak and insect pests (rice yellow stem borer and rice leaf roller) by means of innoculation in greenhouse and investigation in paddy fields, compared with their untransformed counterpart E32. 【Result】Both E122-1 and E127-1 showed broad spectrum of resistance against rice blast isolates and were significantly lower in the percentages of infected plants and the disease index resulted from rice false smut or rice brown spot, but had no significant difference in the percentages of susceptible plants and the disease index resulted from rice bacterial blight or rice bacterial leaf streak, the percentages of “dead heart” plants resulted from rice yellow stem borer and the percentages of leaf-rolled plants resulted from rice leaf roller in comparison with the counterpart E32. On the plants with resistance to rice bacterial blight, both E122-1 and E127-1 had significant higher number plants with no infected symptom and had significant lower number plants with the 3rd scale infected symptom than that of the counterpart E32. 【Conclusion】 Both E122-1 and E127-1 exhibited a high resistance to rice blast, rice false smut and rice brown spot, and did not cause obvious population increase of rice bacterial blight, rice bacterial leaf streak, rice yellow stem borer and rice leaf roller as compared to their counterpart during growing period in paddy fields.

Key words: transgenic rice , anti-fungal gene , non-target organism , disease , insect pest

李伟, 郭建夫, 袁红旭, 李玥仁, 刘月廉, 黄永相, 蒋世河. 抗真菌转基因水稻对稻田靶标病害和非靶标病虫害的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(24): 5032-5039.

LI Wei, GUO Jian-Fu, YUAN Hong-Xu, LI Yue-Ren, LIU Yue-Lian, HUANG Yong-Xiang, JIANG Shi-He. Effects of Anti-Fungal Transgenic Rice on the Target Fungal Diseases and the Non-Target Bacterial Diseases and Insect Pests in Paddy Fields[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012, 45(24): 5032-5039.

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