不同氮浓度对茴香植株生长发育、精油含量和组分的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.20.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】揭示氮浓度对植物生长发育和次生代谢产物——精油累积的影响特性及其内在关系。【方法】采用水培方法，以日本园试配方中氮含量为标准1N，设计1/8N、1/4N、1/2N、1N和2N处理，研究不同氮浓度对茴香生长发育、精油含量和组分的影响。【结果】随着氮处理浓度的升高，茴香株高、分枝数、花序数、节数、地上部鲜重、全株鲜重、全株干重和单株精油产量等指标均表现为先不断增高，然后降低的规律，并且最高值均为1N处理；随着氮浓度的增加，茴香全氮含量、蛋白氮含量和色素含量呈不断增高趋势，全碳含量、可溶性糖、C/N比、精油含量呈不断降低的趋势；相关分析表明，全氮含量与蛋白氮含量极显著正相关；全碳含量、可溶性糖含量和碳氮比彼此呈极显著正相关；全氮含量和蛋白氮含量与全碳含量、可溶性糖含量和碳氮比彼此呈极显著负相关；精油含量与全碳含量、可溶性糖含量相关达到极显著正相关水平；单株精油产量分别与全氮含量、蛋白氮含量呈显著和极显著正相关；精油共鉴定出23种成分，不同氮浓度处理的茴香精油成分种类没有差别，但其成分相对含量差异达显著或极显著水平；精油第一主要成分反式-茴香脑含量为63.89%-79.28%，第二主要成分柠檬烯含量为5.65%-18.28%，第三主要成分莳萝芹菜脑相对含量2.26%-12.61%。【结论】不同氮浓度不但影响茴香的生长发育，还影响茴香次生代谢产物精油的含量、产量和成分组成比例；适宜的氮浓度（1N）可以实现茴香初生代谢产物累积（生长发育）与次生代谢产物累积（精油产量）均高的结果。

关键词: 氮浓度, 茴香, 生长发育, 精油

Abstract: 【Objective】 The objective of this study was to reveal the response characteristics and the internal correlation of plant growth and essential oil accumulation to nitrogen concentrations. 【Method】 Effect of different nitrogen concentrations on fennel plant growth, essential oil content and components was studied by using the method of solution culture, with Japanese garden formula’s nitrogen content as 1N, and 1/8N, 1/4N, 1/2N, 1N and 2N as designed treatment. 【Result】 With the increase of nitrogen concentration, the plant height, branch number, inflorescence number, number of nodes, shoot fresh weight (FW), fresh and dry weight (DW) of whole plant and yield of essential oil per plant had a trend that firstly increase then decrease, and the maximum values were all in 1N. Total nitrogen, protein nitrogen and pigment contents increased continuously, while total carbon, soluble sugar and essential oil contents and C/N ratio exhibited an opposite trend with increasing nitrogen concentrations. Correlation analysis showed that: total nitrogen content was significantly correlated to protein nitrogen content; total carbon and soluble sugar contents were significantly correlated to C/N ratio; total nitrogen, protein nitrogen contents were significantly and negatively correlated to total carbon content and soluble sugar contents and C/N ratio; essential oil content was significantly correlated with total carbon and soluble sugar contents; yield of essential oil per plant was significantly correlated to total nitrogen, protein nitrogen contents. A total of 23 kinds of components in essential oil were identified, but there were no differences in components of essential oil among different N concentration treatments. However, relative contents of components were significantly different when p<0.01 and p<0.05. (E)-anethole is the dominant essential oil component, contributing 63.89% to 79.28% of the total amount of oil. The second most abundant chemical was limonene, ranging from 5.65% to 18.28% in the total amount of oil, while dill apiol, the third abundant chemical, had the relative amount of 2.26% to 12.61%.【Conclusion】Different nitrogen concentrations not only affect the fennel plant growth, but also affect the yield and concentration of essential oil. Appropriate concentration of nitrogen can contribute to the high rate of plant growth and yield of essential oil.

Key words: nitrogen concentrations, fennel, growth, essential oil

何金明, 肖艳辉, 王羽梅, 潘春香. 不同氮浓度对茴香植株生长发育、精油含量和组分的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(20): 4224-4232.

HE Jin-Ming, XIAO Yan-Hui, WANG Yu-Mei, PAN Chun-Xiang. The Effect of Different Nitrogen Concentrations on Fennel Plant Growth, Essential Oil Contents and Components (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012, 45(20): 4224-4232.

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