不同有机质含量农田土壤微生物生态特征

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2011.18.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】土壤微生物在陆地生态系统中对土壤健康有重要的生物指示功能。比较东北不同有机质含量农田黑土间土壤微生物的生态特征，为维持或提高东北农田黑土的生态功能提供理论依据。【方法】于中国科学院海伦农业生态实验站，利用Biolog法与常规分析方法相结合测定空间移位（嫩江、北安、海伦、德惠、梨树）5年后5种不同有机质含量农田黑土在相同的气候条件下微生物生物量、微生物活性、群落结构及其代谢特性。【结果】土壤微生物量碳、基础呼吸、细菌数量随有机质含量的增加而增加，而真菌数量则随土壤有机质含量的增加而降低；且有机质含量最高的北安土壤与其它土壤之间的差异达到显著水平。平均色度变化表明，有机质含量最高的北安土壤中的微生物群落代谢能力高于有机质含量最低的梨树土壤；主成分分析表明，不同有机质含量农田黑土微生物群落对碳源的利用不同，有机质含量较高的北安和嫩江黑土中的土壤微生物对a-丁酮酸、腐胺、D,L-a-甘油的利用能力较高。土壤有机质含量最高的北安农田黑土微生物群落的丰度、多样性和均匀性指数最高。【结论】在外界环境一致的条件下，农田黑土有机质含量不同可影响土壤微生物群落的代谢功能及其代谢能力。

关键词: 农田黑土, 群落结构, 微生物区系, 代谢特性, 空间移位

Abstract: 【Objective】 Soil microbe play an important role in the whole terrestrial ecosystem. Soil microbial properties are important bio-indicators of soil health. Therefore, soil microbial properties were studied under different soil organic matter levels in order to provide a theoretical basis for maintaining or improving soil ecological functions in Chinese mollisols farmland. 【Method】The soils with different soil organic matters (SOM) contents were removed from Bei’an, Nenjiang and Hailun in Heilongjiang province, Dehui and Lishu in Jilin province to Hailun agroecology experimental station in Heilongjiang province, then soil microbial properties such as microbial biomass, activity, functional diversity of microbial community were investigated for five soils with different SOM contents by using Biolog and other universal analysis in the fifth year after soil spatial removal in Hailun agroecology experimental station. 【Result】 The results showed that soil microbial biomass C, soil basic respiration, and the amount of soil bacteria and fungi were increased with SOM increasing. Soil microbial properties in Bei’an with the highest content of SOM reached significant differences with the other soils. The average well color development values (AWCD) also indicated that the metabolizing capacity of microbe population in Bei’an was higher than that in Lishu with the lowest content of SOM. It was different for the carbon source used by microbe population under different SOM levels. The sensitive microbe C sources were α-butanone acid, putrescine, D, and L-α-glycerol which effectively used by soil microbe population in Bei’an and Nenjiang with higher SOM content. The soil of Bei’an with the highest SOM content had the highest diversity indices (H), richness indices (S), and evenness indices (E) of microbe populations. 【Conclusion】 These results showed that different SOM contents of black soils affected the metabolic functions of microbial community under the same external environmental conditions in farmland.

Key words:

Chinesemoillisolsfarmland, microbialcommunitystructure, soilmicrobesphere, metabolismcharacteristics, spatialremoval

焦晓光, 高崇升, 隋跃宇, 张兴义, 丁光伟. 不同有机质含量农田土壤微生物生态特征[J]. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44(18): 3759-3767.

JIAO Xiao-Guang, GAO Chong-Sheng, SUI Yue-Yu, ZHANG Xing-Yi, DING Guang-Wei. Research on Soil Microbial Ecology Under Different Soil Organic Matter Levels in Farmland[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(18): 3759-3767.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2011.18.007

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2011/V44/I18/3759

参考文献

[1]Green J L, Holmes A J, Westoby M, Oliver I, Briscoe D, Dangerfield M, Gillings M, Beattie A J. Spatial scaling of microbial eukaryote diversity. Nature, 2004, 432: 747-750.

[2]Nachimuthu G, King K, Kristiansen P, Lockwood P, Guppy C. Comparison of methods for measuring soil microbial activity using cotton strips and a respirometer. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 2007, 69(2):322-329.

[3]于树, 汪景宽, 李双异. 应用PLFA方法分析长期不同施肥处理对玉米地土壤微生物群落结构的影响. 生态学报, 2008, 28(9): 4221-4227.

Yu S, Wang J K, Li S Y. Effect of long-term fertilization on soil microbial community structure in corn field with the method of PLFA. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2008, 28(9):4221-4227.(in Chinese)

[4]Cookson W R, Abaye D A, Marschner P, Murphy D V, Stockdale E A, Goulding K W T. The contribution of soil organic matter fractions to carbon and nitrogen mineralization and microbial community size and structure. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2005, 37: 1726-1737.

[5]Griffiths B S, Ritz K, Ebblewhite N, Dobson G. Soil microbial community structure: effect of substrate loading rates. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1998, 31(1): 145-153.

[6]Van G M, Merckx R, Vlassak K. Microbial biomass responses to soil drying and rewetting: The fate of fast2 and slow-growing microorganisms in soils from different climates. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1993, 25: 109-123.

[7]Wilkinson S C, Anderson J M, Scardelis S P, Tisiafouli M, Taylor A, Wolters V. PLFA profiles of microbial communities in decomposing conifer litters subject to moisture stress. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2002, 34: 189-200.

[8]Andrews J A, Matamala R, Westover K M, Schlesinger W H. Temperature effects on the diversity of soil heterotrophs and the △13C of soil-respired CO2. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2000, 32: 699-706.

[9]Gordon H, Haygarth P M, Bardgett R D. Drying and rewetting effects on soil microbial community composition and nutrient leaching. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2008, 40: 302-311.

[10]张卫健, 许泉, 王绪奎, 卞新民. 气温上升对草地土壤微生物群落结构的影响. 生态学报, 2004, 24(8): 1742-1747.

Zhang W J, Xu Q, Wang X K, Bian X M. Impacts of emperimentai atmospheric waiming on soil microbial community structure in a tallgrassprairie. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2004, 24(8): 1742-1747. (in Chinese)

[11]Scowcroft P G, Turner D R, Vitousek P M. Decomposition of Metrosideros polymorpha leaf litter along elevational gradients in Hawaii. Global Change Biology, 2000, 6: 73-85.

[12]Shaw M R, Harte J. Control of litter decomposition in a subalpine meadow sagebrush ecotone under climate change. Ecological Applications, 2001, 11:1206-1223.

[13]Sjögersten S, Wookey P A. Decomposition of mountain birch leaf litter at the forest-tundra ecotone in the Fennoscandian mountains in relation to climate and soil conditions. Plant and Soil, 2004, 262: 215-227.

[14]Li X Z, Sarah P. Enzyme activities along a climatic transect in the Judean Desert. Catena, 2003,53:349-363.

[15]孔滨, 孙波, 郑宪清, 陈小云, 隋跃宇, 王帘里. 水热条件和施肥对黑土中微生物群落代谢特征的影响. 土壤学报, 2009, 46(1): 100-106.

Kong B, Sun B, Zheng X Q, Chen X Y, Sui Y Y, Wang L L. Effect of hydrothermal conditions and fertilization on metabolic characteristics of microbial community in a black soil. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2009, 46(1):100-106. (in Chinese)

[16]Hart S C, Perry D A. Transferring soils from high- to low-elevation forests increased nitrogen cycling rates: climate change implications. Global Change Biology, 1999, 5: 23-32.

[17]Vance E D, Brooks P C, Jenkinson D S. An extraction method for measure soil microbial biomass C. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1987,19 :703-707

[18]Islam K R, Weil R R. Land use effects on soil quality in a tropical forest ecosystem of Bangladesh. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment, 2000, 79: 9-16.

[19]Choi K H, Dobbs F C. Comparison of two kinds of biolog micro plates (GN and ECO) in their ability to distinguish among aquatic microbial communities. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 1999, 36: 203-213.

[20]Hackett C A, Griffiths B S. Statistical analysis of the time-course of biology substrate utilization. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 1997, 30(1): 63-69.

[21]李娟, 赵秉强, 李秀英, 姜瑞波, SO Hwat Bing. 长期不同施肥制度下几种土壤微生物学特征变化. 植物生态学报,2008,32(4): 891-899.

Li J, Zhao B Q, Li X Y, Jiang R B, SO H B. Changes of soil microbial properties affected by different long-term fertilization regimes. Journal of Plant Ecology, 2008, 32(4): 891-899. (in Chinese)

[22]Kirchmann H, Haberhauer G, Kandeler E. Effects of level and quality of organic matter input on carbon storage and biological activity in soils: Synthesis of a long-term experiment. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2004, 18: 38-46.

[23]胡亚林, 汪思龙, 颜绍馗. 影响土壤微生物活性与群落结构因素研究进展. 土壤通报, 2006,37(1): 170-176.

Hu Y L, Wang S L, Yan S K. Research advances on the factors influencing the activity and community structure of soil microorganism. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2006, 37(1): 170-176. (in Chinese)

[24]黄绍文, 金继运, 杨俐苹, 程明芳. 粮田土壤养分的空间格局及其与土壤颗粒组成之间的关系. 中国农业科学, 2002, 35(3):297-302.

Huang S W, Jin J Y, Yang L P, Cheng M F. Spatial distribution of soil nutrient and relationship between soil nutrient and soil granule composition for grain crop region. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2002, 35(3):297-302.(in Chinese)

[25]单娜娜, 潘伯荣, 文启凯, 罗明, 赖波. 塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地人工绿地土壤微生物特性研究. 干旱区研究, 2001(4): 297-302.

Shan N N, Pan B R, Wen Q K, Luo M, Lai B. Study on the ecological characteristics of soil-inhabiting microorganisms of the artificial vegetation in the Hinterland of Taklamakan desert. Arid Zone Research, 2001(4): 297-302.(in Chinese)

[26]Powlson D S, Boroks P C, Christensen B T. Measurement of soil microbial biomass provides an indication of changes in total soil organize matter due to straw incorporation. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1987, 19: 159-164.

[27]Lovell R J S, Bardgett R. Soil microbial biomass and activity in long-term grassland: effects of management changes. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1995, 27: 969-975.

[28]刘秉儒. 贺兰山东坡典型植物群落土壤微生物量碳、氮沿海拔梯度的变化特征. 生态环境学报, 2010, 19(4): 883-888.

Liu B Q. Changes in soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen under typical plant communities along an altitudinal gradient in east side of Helan Mountain. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2010, 19(4): 883-888. (in Chinese)

[29]Marschner P, Kandeler E, Marschner B. Structure and function of the soil microbial community in a long-term fertilizer experiment. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2003, 35: 453-461.

[30]黄靖宇, 宋长春, 张金波, 郭跃东, 廖玉静. 凋落物输入对三江平原弃耕农田土壤基础呼吸和活性碳组分的影响. 生态学报, 2008, 28(7): 3417-3424.

Huang Y J, Song C C, Zhang J B, Guo Y D, Liao Y J. Influence of litter importation on basal respiration and labile carbon inr estored farmland in Sanjiang Plain. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2008, 28(7): 3417-3424. (in Chinese)

[31]俞慎, 何振立, 张荣光, 陈国潮, 黄昌勇, 朱炳良. 红壤茶根层土壤基础呼吸作用和酶活性. 应用生态学报, 2003, 14(2):179-183.

Yu S, He Z L, Zhang R G, Chen G C, Huang C Y, Zhu B L. Soil basal respiration and enzyme activities in the root layer soil of tea bushes in a red soil. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2003, 14(2): 179-183. (in Chinese)

[32]任天志, Stefano Grego. 持续农业中的土壤生物指标. 中国农业科学, 2000, 33(1): 1-9.

Ren T Z, Grego S. Soil bioindicators in sustainable agriculture. Scientia Agriculture Sinica, 2000, 33(1):1-9.(in Chinese)

[33]Giller K E, Witter E, McGrath S P. Toxicity of heavy metals to microorganisms and microbial processes in agriculture soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1998, 30:1389-1414.

[34]孟庆杰, 许艳丽, 李春杰, 韩晓增, 裴希超. 不同植被覆盖对黑土微生物功能多样性的影响. 生态学杂志, 2008,27(7): 1134-1140.

Meng Q J, Xu Y L, Li C J, Han X Z, Pei X C. Effects of different vegetation coverage on microbial functional diversity in black soil. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2008, 27(7):1134-1140. (in Chinese)

[35]Gupa V V S R. Changes in microbial biomass and organic matter levels during the first year of modified tillage and stubble management practices on a red earth. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 1994, 32: 1339-1354.

[36]毕江涛, 贺达汉, 黄泽勇. 退化生态系统土壤微生物种群数量和分布对植被恢复的响应. 地理科学, 2009, 29(2):238-243.

Bi J T, He D H, Huang Z Y. Response of soil microbial population number an distribution to vegetation restoration in degraded ecological system. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2009, 29(2): 238-243. (in Chinese)

[37]Haack S K, Garchow H, Klug M J, Forney L J. Analysis of factors affecting the accuracy, reproducibility, and interpretation of microbial community carbon source utilization patterns. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1995, 61:1458-1468.

[38]Zhou J Z, Xia B, Treves D S, Wu L Y, Marsh T L, O’Neill R V, Palumbo R V, Tiedje J M. Spatial and resource factors influencing high microbial diversity in soil. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2002, 68: 326-334.

[39]Bending G D, Turner M K, Jones J E. Interactions between crop residue and soil organic matter quality and the metabolic functional diversity of soil microbial communities. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2002, 34: 1073-1082.

[40]Johnsen K, Jacobsen C S, Torsvik V, Sørensen J. Pesticide effects on bacterial diversity in agricultural soils-a review. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2001, 33(6): 443-453.