冷藏和杀胚处理对米蛾卵扩繁松毛虫赤眼蜂效率的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.18.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【背景】卵寄生蜂的高效人工扩繁需要高质量的替代寄主卵，因此保持寄主卵的新鲜和营养状态是影响寄生蜂扩繁效率的关键因素之一。【目的】以目前农业生产上广泛应用的卵寄生蜂松毛虫赤眼蜂（Trichogramma dendrolimi）及其优势替代寄主米蛾（Corcyra cephalonica）卵为供试材料，探究冷藏和杀胚处理对寄主卵质量的影响，从而为科学保藏寄主卵、优化卵寄生蜂人工扩繁技术、提升扩繁效率、降低防治成本提供数据支撑。【方法】通过对1日龄米蛾卵设置仅经过紫外杀胚处理（K）以及杀胚与4 ℃冷藏不同时序组合的4个处理：冷藏3 d后杀胚（3 d+K）、杀胚后冷藏3 d（K+3 d）、冷藏7 d后杀胚（7 d+K）和杀胚后冷藏7 d（K+7 d），比较不同处理后米蛾卵对松毛虫赤眼蜂寄生率、子代羽化率、雌蜂比和发育历期的影响，同时结合对各处理米蛾卵内甘油三酯、总蛋白及海藻糖含量的测定，以及米蛾卵和子代松毛虫赤眼蜂体内Wolbachia菌群水平的检测，评价不同处理米蛾卵对松毛虫赤眼扩繁效率的影响并分析相关生理机制。【结果】与K相比，7 d+K处理可显著增加松毛虫赤眼蜂的寄生率约20%，显著提升子代雌蜂数约72%，而对羽化率和发育历期无显著影响；K+7 d处理也可以显著提升赤眼蜂的寄生率约19%，但子代蜂羽化率显著下降。营养物质含量测定结果表明，冷藏处理（无论杀胚前后）均能显著提高米蛾卵内甘油三酯含量，先冷藏3 d再杀胚的处理（3 d+K）可显著提高米蛾卵内蛋白质含量，冷藏和杀胚处理顺序对海藻糖含量均无显著影响。相关性分析显示，米蛾卵内甘油三酯含量与松毛虫赤眼蜂的寄生率、子代雌蜂比及Wolbachia菌群水平均呈显著正相关关系。【结论】在紫外杀胚前对1日龄米蛾卵进行7 d的4 ℃冷藏预处理可有效延长其保鲜期，并可提高其卵内甘油三酯等营养物质含量，以及松毛虫赤眼蜂的寄生效率与子代雌蜂比例。研究结果可为米蛾卵作为替代寄主进行高效、低成本人工扩繁赤眼蜂提供优化的保鲜与预处理技术方案。

关键词: 松毛虫赤眼蜂, 米蛾卵, 冷藏, 甘油三酯, 人工扩繁

Abstract:

【Background】Efficient artificial propagation of egg parasitoids requires high quality alternative host eggs, so the fresh and nutritional states of host eggs are key factors to the propagation efficiency of egg parasitoids.【Objective】The Trichogramma dendrolimi, an egg parasitoid widely used in agricultural production, and its dominant alternative host Corcyra cephalonica eggs were used as test materials to explore the effects of refrigeration and embryo-killing on the quality of host eggs, so as to provide data support for scientific preservation of host eggs, optimization of artificial propagation technology of egg parasitoids, improvement of propagation efficiency and reduction of control costs.【Method】Four treatments of 1-day-old C. cephalonica eggs were performed: 4 ℃ refrigeration for 3 d followed by UV irradiation for embryo-killing (3 d+K), UV irradiation followed by 4 ℃ storage for 3 d (K+3 d), 4 ℃ storage for 7 d followed by UV irradiation (7 d+K), and UV irradiation followed by 4 ℃ storage for 7 d (K+7 d), with eggs only treated with UV irradiation for embryo-killing (K) as control. The parasitism rate of T. dendrolimi and the eclosion rate, female ratio, and developmental duration of the offspring parasitoids in eggs resulted from different treatments were compared. The contents of triglyceride, total protein, and trehalose in C. cephalonica eggs from each treatment were quantified, as well as the Wolbachia levels in both C. cephalonica eggs and T. dendrolimi emerged from the eggs, and their correlations with the biological indices of T. dendrolimi were analyzed.【Result】Compared with the control (K), the 7 d+K treatment significantly increased about 20% of the parasitism rate, and significantly increased about 72% of the offspring female amount of T. dendrolimi, without significant impact on eclosion rate and developmental duration of the offspring. The K+7 d treatment also could significantly increase 19% parasitism rate of the T. dendrolimi, but decreased the eclosion rate of the offspring wasps. Nutrient analysis showed that 4 ℃ storage (either before or after embryo-killing) significantly increased the triglyceride content in C. cephalonica eggs. Refrigeration treatment for 3 d before UV irradiation (3 d+K) significantly increased the protein content. None of the treatments significantly affected the trehalose content in host eggs. Correlation analysis revealed that triglyceride content in the eggs was significantly positively correlated with the parasitism rate of T. dendrolimi, the female proportion of its offspring and the Wolbachia level in the offspring wasps.【Conclusion】Pretreatment of 1-day-old C. cephalonica eggs with 7 d of refrigeration at 4 ℃ prior to embryo-killing under UV can effectively extend the duration of their freshness. This pretreatment may promote the parasitism efficiency and offspring female ratio of T. dendrolimi by increasing nutrient content, such as triglyceride, in host eggs. This study provides an optimized preservation and processing protocol for efficient and low-cost artificial mass rearing of T. dendrolimi using C. cephalonica eggs as an alternative host.

Key words: Trichogramma dendrolimi, Corcyra cephalonica egg, refrigeration, triglyceride, artificial mass rearing

孙佳宁, 刘晨曦, 刘小侠, 李贞. 冷藏和杀胚处理对米蛾卵扩繁松毛虫赤眼蜂效率的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(18): 4021-4032.

SUN JiaNing, LIU ChenXi, LIU XiaoXia, LI Zhen. Effects of Refrigeration and Embryo-Killing Treatment of Corcyra cephalonica Eggs on Propagation Efficiency of Egg Parasitoid Trichogramma dendrolimi[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(18): 4021-4032.

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处理 Treatment	寄生率 Parasitism rate (%)	羽化率 Eclosion rate (%)	雌蜂比 Female ratio (%)	发育历期 Developmental duration (d)
K	36.33±2.48c	87.62±3.63a	77.98±3.98a	10.85±0.08a
3 d+K	43.64±4.95abc	76.88±7.22ab	81.24±8.69a	10.36±0.15b
K+3 d	40.33±4.54bc	78.77±5.79ab	79.33±5.52a	10.30±0.15b
7 d+K	55.95±2.69a	83.53±2.97ab	90.50±1.13a	10.83±0.08a
K+7 d	54.58±2.99ab	71.30±3.55b	82.00±2.56a	10.39±0.09b

生物学指标 Biological indicator	相关性 Correlation	甘油三酯 Triglyceride	蛋白质 Protein	海藻糖 Trehalose
寄生率 Parasitism rate	相关系数ρ Correlation coefficient ρ	0.900*	0.700	0.100
寄生率 Parasitism rate	P值P value	0.037*	0.188	0.873
子代蜂羽化率 Offspring eclosion rate	相关系数ρ Correlation coefficient ρ	0.300	0.500	0.300
子代蜂羽化率 Offspring eclosion rate	P值P value	0.624	0.391	0.624
子代蜂雌蜂比 Offspring female ratio	相关系数ρ Correlation coefficient ρ	0.900*	0.700	0.100
子代蜂雌蜂比 Offspring female ratio	P值P value	0.037*	0.188	0.873
子代蜂发育历期 Offspring developmental duration	相关系数ρ Correlation coefficient ρ	0.100	0.300	0.100
子代蜂发育历期 Offspring developmental duration	P值P value	0.873	0.624	0.873
子代雌蜂数 Offspring female number	相关系数ρ Correlation coefficient ρ	0.900*	0.700	0.100
子代雌蜂数 Offspring female number	P值P value	0.037*	0.188	0.873