基于代谢组和转录组解析多雨寡照对桃果皮着色和类黄酮积累的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.06.010

中国农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (6): 1173-1194.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.06.010

基于代谢组和转录组解析多雨寡照对桃果皮着色和类黄酮积累的影响

孙萍¹(), 朱文灿²^,³(), 林贤锐¹, 吴嘉颀¹, 曹译文¹, 陈辰斐¹, 王轶¹, 朱建锡¹, 贾惠娟⁴, 钱敏杰²^,³(), 沈建生¹()

¹ 金华市农业科学研究院（浙江省农业机械研究院），浙江金华 321017
² 海南大学三亚南繁研究院，海南三亚 572025
³ 海南大学热带农林学院/海南省热带园艺作物品质调控重点实验室，海口 570228
⁴ 浙江大学农业与生物技术学院，杭州 310013

收稿日期:2024-09-07 接受日期:2024-10-20 出版日期:2025-03-16 发布日期:2025-03-25
通信作者:
钱敏杰，E-mail：minjie.qian@hainanu.edu.cn。
沈建生，E-mail：sjsjhnky@163.com
联系方式: 孙萍，E-mail：sunpingzju@163.com。朱文灿，E-mail：wencanzhu@hainanu.edu.cn。孙萍和朱文灿为同等贡献作者。
基金资助:
浙江省“十四五”农业（果品）新品种选育重大科技专项-桃李新品种选育(2021C02066-4)

Effects of Rainy and Low Light Conditions on Coloration and Flavonoid Accumulation in Peach Peel Based on Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses

SUN Ping¹(), ZHU WenCan²^,³(), LIN XianRui¹, WU JiaQi¹, CAO YiWen¹, CHEN ChenFei¹, WANG Yi¹, ZHU JianXi¹, JIA HuiJuan⁴, QIAN MinJie²^,³(), SHEN JianSheng¹()

¹ Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Zhejiang Institute of Agricultural Machinery), Jinhua 321017, Zhejiang
² Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya 572025, Hainan
³ School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University/Key Laboratory of Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crop in Hainan Province, Haikou 570228
⁴ College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310013

Received:2024-09-07 Accepted:2024-10-20 Published:2025-03-16 Online:2025-03-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】桃的果皮色泽与果实的外观品质和经济价值紧密相关，花青苷是桃果皮着色的决定性色素物质。本研究基于代谢组和转录组联合分析，探究梅雨季节寡照多雨的环境条件对桃果皮类黄酮（花青苷、黄酮醇、原花青素）含量和类黄酮合成相关基因表达的影响，鉴定和挖掘桃类黄酮生物合成通路关键基因以及转录调控因子，为改善梅雨季节桃栽培措施、促进桃果皮着色以及进一步丰富桃类黄酮生物合成分子机制提供应用依据和理论基础。【方法】以桃品种‘中金蟠7-12号’为试材。模拟多雨环境栽培为T1试验组，模拟寡照多雨环境栽培为T2试验组以及避雨栽培（模仿正常栽培环境）为CK对照组。在不同时期（0D和24D），对不同处理的桃果实果皮样品进行代谢组测定以及转录组测序（RNA-Seq）分析。进一步通过KEGG富集通路以及加权基因共表达网络分析（WGCNA）鉴定调节类黄酮化合物生物合成的关键候选基因。【结果】代谢组测定结果显示，矢车菊素-3-O-葡萄糖苷、原花青素B1和槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷分别为桃果皮中花青苷、原花青素和黄酮醇的主要成分。其中，矢车菊素-3-O-葡萄糖苷是桃果皮红色着色的决定性物质。T1和T2处理均抑制了桃果皮的花青苷含量，并且以T2处理的抑制效果更显著。通过RNA-Seq分析，共鉴定得到8 296个差异表达基因（DEG），其中24D-T1 vs 0D组间筛选得到的DEG数目最多，为6 879个。通过WGCNA，来自于绿松石、红色、绿黄色、棕色、蓝色和紫红色模块的基因被鉴定为参与调节桃果实果皮中类黄酮化合物生物合成的候选基因。KEGG富集分析显示，代谢途径是除了绿松石模块外，其他所有模块候选基因中被富集到最多的通路。基于WGCNA，鉴定确认了15个类黄酮生物合成通路相关结构基因，此外还鉴定得到了MYB、bHLH、ERF、bZIP以及C2H2等转录因子。【结论】梅雨季节的多雨寡照显著抑制了桃果皮中花青苷的积累以及桃果实果皮的转红，避雨栽培可以在雨季提高桃果实的外观品质和经济价值。此外，鉴定得到一些与类黄酮生物合成密切相关的关键结构基因和调控基因，可为梅雨季节改善桃果实着色提供理论指导。

关键词: 桃, 果皮色泽, 多雨寡照, 类黄酮, 转录组, 代谢组

Abstract:

【Objective】 The color of peach peel is closely related to the appearance quality and economic value of peach fruit, and anthocyanins are the predominant pigment substances for peach peel coloring. This study was based on combined metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses to investigate the effects of low light and rainy conditions during the rainy season on the accumulation of flavonoids (anthocyanins, flavonols, and proanthocyanidins) in peach peel and the transcriptional expression of related biosynthetic genes, identify and excavate key genes and transcriptional factors regulating flavonoids biosynthesis, and to provide application and theoretical basis for improving peach cultivation practices to enhance peach peel coloring during the rainy season, and further enriching the molecular mechanism of peach flavonoid biosynthesis.【Method】 The peach cultivar ‘Zhongjin Pan 7-12’ was used as the material in this study. The imitated rainy condition was regarded as treatment 1 (T1), the imitated low light and rainy conditions were regarded as treatment 2 (T2), and shelter cultivation (imitating normal cultivation environment) was the control (CK) group. Peach fruit peel samples were collected for metabolomic and RNA-Seq analyses at different stages (0D and 24D). Key candidate genes regulating flavonoids biosynthesis were identified through KEGG and weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA).【Result】 The results of metabolomic analysis showed that cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, procyanidin B1, and quercetin-3-O-glucoside were the main components of anthocyanins, procyanidins, and flavonols in peach peel, respectively. Among them, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside was the predominant substance for the red coloration of peach peel. Both T1 and T2 treatments inhibited the anthocyanin accumulation in peach peel, with the more pronounced effect by T2. Through RNA-Seq result analysis, a total of 8 296 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, among which the highest number of DEGs was obtained through the comparison group of 24D-T1 vs 0D, with 6 879. Through WGCNA, genes from turquoise, red, greenyellow, brown, blue, and magenta modules were identified as candidate genes involved in regulating flavonoid biosynthesis in peach fruit peel. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that metabolic pathways were the most enriched pathway among candidate genes in all modules except for the turquoise module. Based on WGCNA, 15 structural genes related to flavonoid biosynthesis pathway were identified. In addition, transcription factors such as MYB, bHLH, ERF, bZIP, and C2H2 were also identified.【Conclusion】 Rainy and low light conditions significantly inhibit the anthocyanin accumulation and red coloration in peach peel. Shelter cultivation can be used to improve the appearance quality and economic value of peach fruit during the rainy season. In addition, key structural and regulatory genes related to flavonoid biosynthesis were identified, which can provide theoretical guidance for improving peach fruit coloring during the rainy season.

Key words: peach (Prunus persica), peel color, rainy and low light, flavonoid, transcriptome, metabolome

孙萍, 朱文灿, 林贤锐, 吴嘉颀, 曹译文, 陈辰斐, 王轶, 朱建锡, 贾惠娟, 钱敏杰, 沈建生. 基于代谢组和转录组解析多雨寡照对桃果皮着色和类黄酮积累的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(6): 1173-1194.

SUN Ping, ZHU WenCan, LIN XianRui, WU JiaQi, CAO YiWen, CHEN ChenFei, WANG Yi, ZHU JianXi, JIA HuiJuan, QIAN MinJie, SHEN JianSheng. Effects of Rainy and Low Light Conditions on Coloration and Flavonoid Accumulation in Peach Peel Based on Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(6): 1173-1194.

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基因编号Gene ID	正向引物Forward primer (5′-3′)	反向引物Reverse primer (5′-3′)
Prupe.7G168300_v2.0.a1	GGACTGGACACAGAGGCATT	GGGGCATTTTGGGTAGAAAT
Prupe.1G376400_v2.0.a1	GGGGTGCTAGACATCCTCAA	CTGGTGCTCTTCGACATTCA
Prupe.4G200500_v2.0.a1	TGAAGGGCTGTGATGGTGTA	TCCAAGGTTCCTTTGATTGC
Prupe.2G324700_v2.0.a1	TGCCTCTCCCAACACTCTCT	CCATCAGCCACATCAAACAC
Prupe.2G212900_v2.0.a1	TCTGGGGAGCAGAAGAAGAA	CAGGCATTGCATAGGGTTTT
Prupe.8G125100_v2.0.a1	ACGCCCTATTGACACAGTCC	CTTGGGCCCCTTTTTGTTAT
Prupe.7G225600_v2.0.a1	TGTCTCAGCCGTGAAAGATG	TGCAGAAGCAGAAGCAGAAA
Prupe.3G240000_v2.0.a1	AAGGGTGGACTCGTTTTGTG	TCTTCTCCTCCCCTCTCGAT
β-actin	GATTCCGGTGCCCAGAAGT	CCAGCAGCTTCCATTCCAA

样品 Sample	原始数据 Raw reads	过滤后数据 <BOLD>C</BOLD>lean reads	过滤后碱基总数 Clean base (G)	测序错误率 Error rate (%)	碱基质量值 Q20 (%)	碱基质量值 Q30 (%)	GC含量 GC content (%)
0D-1	46947136	45207546	6.78	0.03	97.83	93.78	46.90
0D-2	45181526	43587342	6.54	0.02	98.16	94.61	46.71
0D-3	43048874	41413698	6.21	0.02	98.12	94.44	46.82
24D-T1-1	45453162	43941034	6.59	0.02	98.12	94.49	46.88
24D-T1-2	43462974	42019444	6.30	0.02	98.16	94.56	46.90
24D-T1-3	51322012	49684760	7.45	0.02	98.07	94.34	47.14
24D-T2-1	46961188	45358530	6.80	0.02	98.14	94.50	46.56
24D-T2-2	51255062	49645836	7.45	0.02	98.04	94.26	46.88
24D-T2-3	50412392	48881676	7.33	0.02	98.16	94.57	46.82
24D-CK-1	47734934	46239584	6.94	0.03	97.99	94.12	46.58
24D-CK-2	52248104	50503542	7.58	0.02	98.15	94.52	46.88
24D-CK-3	56671330	54632786	8.19	0.03	98.02	94.22	47.14

基于代谢组和转录组解析多雨寡照对桃果皮着色和类黄酮积累的影响

Effects of Rainy and Low Light Conditions on Coloration and Flavonoid Accumulation in Peach Peel Based on Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses

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