氧化石墨烯提高花生种子萌发率和幼苗耐盐性的生理机制

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.15.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】氧化石墨烯（GO）作为一种新型碳纳米材料在现代农业中正迅速崭露头角。本研究结合生理指标和转录组学，探究GO对种子萌发和幼苗耐盐性的影响，拟为GO提高花生耐盐性提供理论依据，进而为利用GO增强植物耐盐性的应用提供科学支撑。【方法】以花生品种青花7号（Q7）为研究对象，用200 mg·L^-1的GO进行种子处理，并开展花生种子萌发和幼苗耐盐性试验。通过明确种子萌发特性、幼苗生长特性、光合特性、抗氧化特性以及根系转录组学的变化规律，探究GO提高花生耐盐性的生理机制。【结果】在种子萌发阶段，GO引发的种子表现出更高的露白率和发芽率。在幼苗生长阶段，在正常条件下，GO引发后花生的总根体积、根表面积、叶绿素a含量和叶绿素b含量分别较对照处理提高12.96%、12.59%、52.33%和25.19%，地上部和地下部干重较对照处理分别降低6.01%和17.82%。盐胁迫条件下，GO引发后花生植株株高、地上部干重、地下部干重、总根长和根表面积分别较对照处理显著提高30.67%、20.25%、27.70%、18.04%和17.78%；总叶绿素、叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量和最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）分别较对照处理显著提高149.39%、126.27%、106.36%和18.26%，叶片气体交换参数中净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）和蒸腾速率（Tr）分别提高66.69%、138.99%和173.39%。叶片相对含水量提高了83.32%；叶片中SOD和APX活性分别显著提高59.62%和104.70%，叶片胞间CO₂浓度（Ci）、相对电导率、丙二醛（MDA）含量和POD活性显著降低19.58%、14.73%、56.23%和72.87%。此外，在GO引发后，花生幼苗的差异表达基因与次生代谢、光合作用及碳氮代谢等密切相关。【结论】 GO促进了花生种子萌发和盐胁迫条件下花生幼苗生长，株高、根长和生物量显著提高。GO诱导了光保护机制，表现为Pn、Fv/Fm和叶绿素含量提高。同时，抗氧化酶活性在GO引发的花生叶片中显著增加，进而减少了MDA积累并降低了REC，维持了细胞质膜完整性。

关键词: 花生, 氧化石墨烯, 耐盐性, 种子萌发

Abstract:

【Objective】 As a novel carbon nanomaterial, graphene oxide (GO) is rapidly emerging as a promising tool in modern agriculture. This study aimed to investigate the effects of GO on seed germination and seedling salt tolerance by integrating physiological indices with transcriptomic analyses. The findings would establish a theoretical foundation for the salt tolerance-enhancing effects of GO in peanut cultivation, and provide a scientific basis for its application in improving plant salt tolerance under saline environments. 【Method】 The Q7 peanut variety was used for the experiments, treated with 200 mg·L^-1GO, and subjected to seed germination and seedling salinity tolerance tests. The changes in seed germination indices, seedling growth characteristics, photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant characteristics, and root transcriptomics were analyzed to explore the physiological mechanisms by which GO priming enhances peanut salinity tolerance. 【Result】 During the seed germination stage, seeds treated with GO showed higher exposure rate of the white embryo and germination rate. At the seedling stage under normal conditions, compared with the control treatment, GO priming increased root volume, root surface area, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b content by 12.96%, 12.59%, 52.33% and 25.19%, respectively, while the dry weight of aboveground and underground parts decreased by 6.01% and 17.82% compared with the control treatment, respectively. Under salt stress, GO priming significantly increased plant height, dry weight of aboveground and underground parts, total root length, and root surface area by 30.67%, 20.25%, 27.70%, 18.04% and 17.78%, respectively; total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a content, chlorophyll b content, and maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) were significantly increased by 149.39%, 126.27%, 126.27% and 18.26%, respectively, and the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), and transpiration rate (Tr) of leaf gas exchange parameters were increased by 66.69%, 138.99% and 173.39%, respectively. The relative water content of leaves was increased by 83.32%; the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD and APX in leaves were significantly increased by 59.62% and 104.70%, respectively, while the intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci), relative electrical conductivity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and relative electrical conductivity (REC) were significantly decreased by 19.58%, 14.73%, 56.23% and 72.87%, respectively. Moreover, after GO priming, the differentially expressed genes in peanut seedlings were mainly involved in plant secondary metabolites, photosynthesis, and carbon and nitrogen metabolisms. 【Conclusion】 GO priming enhanced seed germination, and under salt stress, GO priming promoted the growth of peanut seedlings, including higher plant height, root length, and plant biomass. In addition, GO priming mediated the photoprotection of photosynthetic mechanisms, which was manifested as higher Pn, Fv/Fm, and total chlorophyll content under salt stress. Meanwhile, the activities of antioxidant enzymes in GO-primed peanut leaves were significantly increased, thereby reducing salt-induced MDA content and REC to maintain the integrity of the plasma membrane. GO played a unique role in promoting seed germination, alleviating salt stress, and increasing peanut pod yield by regulating multiple physiological processes.

Key words: peanut, graphene oxide, salt tolerance, seed germination

李琼玮, 毕言亮, 闫宁, 邹晓霞, 司彤. 氧化石墨烯提高花生种子萌发率和幼苗耐盐性的生理机制[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(15): 2993-3006.

LI QiongWei, BI YanLiang, YAN Ning, ZOU XiaoXia, SI Tong. The Physiological Mechanism of Graphene Oxide-Induced Enhancement of Peanut Seed Germination and Seedling Salinity Tolerance[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(15): 2993-3006.

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