中国农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (19): 4132-4142.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.19.009
李官沫1(),张文菊1(
),曲潇琳2,乔磊1,黄亚萍1,徐虎1,徐明岗1
收稿日期:
2020-10-28
接受日期:
2021-04-20
出版日期:
2021-10-01
发布日期:
2021-10-12
通讯作者:
张文菊
作者简介:
李官沫,E-mail: 基金资助:
LI GuanMo1(),ZHANG WenJu1(
),QU XiaoLin2,QIAO Lei1,HUANG YaPing1,XU Hu1,XU MingGang1
Received:
2020-10-28
Accepted:
2021-04-20
Online:
2021-10-01
Published:
2021-10-12
Contact:
WenJu ZHANG
摘要:
【目的】耕地基础地力是其生产潜能的重要指标。探究耕地基础地力区域差异、演变特征及其驱动因素,可为耕地地力提升与可持续利用提供科学依据。【方法】基于国家级长期定位监测点试验平台,按照种植区域、监测年限、土壤类型和土壤理化性状分别进行分组,分析小麦和玉米季基础地力贡献率特征,并采用随机森林模型和非参数检验等统计学方法,探究小麦/玉米季基础地力贡献率的时空演变特征及影响因素。【结果】总体上,小麦季和玉米季的基础地力贡献率为48.9%和53.4%(中位值)。东北地区玉米季(60.8%)和西北地区小麦季(57.0%)的基础地力贡献率最高;而西南地区小麦季和玉米季的基础地力贡献率均最低(分别为35.8%和21.3%)。近30年我国基础地力贡献率总体呈现上升趋势,2010s比1980s增长了约15个百分点。在全国尺度上,土壤类型、土壤pH是影响基础地力贡献率的主要因素。对于不同区域小麦而言,有机质是影响华北地区基础地力贡献率的第一要素,长江中下游地区与西南地区的则为有效磷;而在玉米季,影响东北地区与西南地区是有机质,华北地区和长江中下游地区基础地力贡献率的主要因素则分别为速效钾和pH。【结论】我国耕地基础地力贡献率整体上呈增长趋势,区域间差异明显。就全国尺度,土壤类型和土壤pH是小麦与玉米季基础地力贡献率变异的主要因素。土壤类型、pH、有效磷和有机质含量是影响区域尺度上耕地基础地力主要因素。
李官沫,张文菊,曲潇琳,乔磊,黄亚萍,徐虎,徐明岗. 旱作种植条件下基础地力贡献率演变特征及影响因素分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(19): 4132-4142.
LI GuanMo,ZHANG WenJu,QU XiaoLin,QIAO Lei,HUANG YaPing,XU Hu,XU MingGang. Evolution Characteristics and Influencing Factors on Inherent Soil Productivity Across Dryland[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(19): 4132-4142.
表1
监测点的地理分布及主要土壤类型"
区域 Region | 监测点个数 The number of sites | 各时间阶段监测点个数 Number of sites in each time period | 主要土壤类型 Typical soil type | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1980s | 1990s | 2000s | 2010s | |||
东北 Northeast China | 23 | 0 | 8 | 10 | 5 | 黑土、草甸土、棕壤 Black soil, Meadow soil, Brown soil |
华北 North China Plain | 65 | 6 | 24 | 25 | 10 | 潮土、褐土、砂姜黑土 Fluvo-aquic soil, Cinnamon soil, Shajiang black soil |
长江中下游 The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River | 46 | 2 | 17 | 23 | 4 | 水稻土、潮土、砂姜黑土 Paddy soil, Fluvo-aquic soil, Shajiang black soil |
西南 Southwest China | 13 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 水稻土、紫色土、红壤 Paddy soil, Purple soil, Red soil |
西北 Northwest China | 25 | 3 | 9 | 9 | 4 | 灌漠土、灌淤土、栗钙土 Irrigated desert soil, Irrigated-silting soil, Chestnut soil |
总计 Total | 172 |
表2
土壤养分因素及pH分组标准"
土壤性状等级 Soil property level | 有机质 Soil organic matter (g·kg-1) | 全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg-1) | 有效磷 Available phosphorus (mg·kg-1) | 速效钾 Available potassium (mg·kg-1) | pH |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ⅰ | >25 | >1.5 | >40 | >200 | >8.5 |
Ⅱ | 20-25 | 1.25-1.5 | 30-40 | 150-200 | 7.5-8.5 |
Ⅲ | 15-20 | 1-1.25 | 20-30 | 100-150 | 6.5-7.5 |
Ⅳ | 10-15 | 0.75-1 | 10-20 | 50-100 | 5.5-6.5 |
Ⅴ | ≤10 | ≤0.75 | ≤10 | ≤50 | ≤5.5 |
表3
随机森林模型解释率"
作物类型 Crop type | 全国 The whole China | 区域 Region | 时间 Time period | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
东北 Northeast China | 华北 North China Plain | 长江中下游 The middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River | 西北 Northwest China | 西南 Southwest China | 1980s | 1990s | 2000s | 2010s | |||
小麦Wheat | 32.15 | - | 3.41 | 20.79 | 49.54 | 20.53 | 5.28 | 28.6 | 35.97 | 33.96 | |
玉米Maize | 50.34 | 40.38 | 3.19 | 47.63 | 68.03 | 46.07 | 19.33 | 42.34 | 66.54 | 49.97 |
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