我国部分常用玉米种质资源对镰孢菌病害的抗性评价

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.17.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】玉米穗腐病、茎腐病和鞘腐病是我国玉米产区普遍发生的三大镰孢菌（Fusarium spp.）病害,近年来有严重混和发生的趋势,三大病害主要致病菌分别为拟轮枝镰孢（F. verticillioides）、禾谷镰孢（F. graminearum）和层出镰孢（F. proliferatum）。种植抗病品种是控制该类病害最经济有效的方法,本研究旨在筛选出单抗或兼抗穗腐病、茎腐病和鞘腐病的玉米种质,为玉米品种的科学选育和合理布局提供参考。【方法】选取我国玉米种质B73、B37、郑58、昌7-2、齐319等16个常用育种自交系,将玉米穗腐病主要病原菌拟轮枝镰孢、茎腐病主要病原菌禾谷镰孢及鞘腐病主要病原菌层出镰孢分别接种于玉米果穗、茎秆及叶鞘,具体方法为待整株长到吐丝期用连动注射器将拟轮枝镰孢孢子悬浮液沿花丝通道注射到健康玉米果穗;将健康玉米地上第一节的茎部用针扎孔后向其中注射禾谷镰孢孢子悬浮液;将层出镰孢孢子悬浮液沿健康玉米植株叶基部接种到地上2—5节间的叶鞘内。以上各种接种方式均使用无菌水作为对照。在2016年和2018年度进行人工田间接种试验,通过评价穗腐病、鞘腐病的病情指数以及茎腐病发病面积,评估所选自交系对以上镰孢菌引起的穗腐病、茎腐病和鞘腐病的抗性级别。【结果】供试自交系中吉853、OH43和X178对穗腐病表现为中抗,B73、B37、PH6WC、掖478、郑58、9058、昌7-2、浚928、Mo17、A619、PH4CV、齐319和13-1077共13份材料为感病或高感;齐319、PH4CV、Mo17、9058、B37、B73、昌7-2和13-1077共8份材料对茎腐病表现为中抗或高抗,郑58、掖478、PH6WC、浚928、吉853、A619和OH43共7份材料表现为感病或高感;B73、B37、郑58、掖478、PH6WC、9058、昌7-2、吉853、浚928、Mo17、A619、PH4CV、OH43、齐319和13-1077共15份材料对鞘腐病表现为中抗或抗病。从16个自交系所在种群来看,瑞德群对穗腐病表现为感病,兰卡斯特群和唐四平头群对鞘腐病表现为抗病,其他群对3种镰孢菌病害抗性水平的离散程度较大,无明显规律。【结论】供试自交系吉853和OH43对鞘腐病和穗腐病表现为中抗或抗性,齐319、PH4CV、Mo17、9058、B37、B73、昌7-2和13-1077共8份材料对鞘腐病和茎腐病表现为中抗、抗性或高抗,但尚未筛选到对3种病害均有较好抗性的材料,有待于进一步筛选其他种质资源。

关键词: 玉米种质资源, 穗腐病, 茎腐病, 鞘腐病, 抗性评价, 镰孢菌

Abstract:

【Objective】 Maize ear rot, stalk rot and sheath rot are the three common Fusarium diseases in maize producing areas in China, and there is a trend of serious mixing occurrence in recent years. The main pathogens of the three major diseases are F. verticillioides, F. graminearum and F. proliferatum. Planting resistant varieties is the most economical and effective method to control this kind of diseases. The objective of this study is to screen out the maize resistant germplasms to ear rot, stalk rot and sheath rot, and to provide references for scientific breeding and rational layout of maize varieties.【Method】 Sixteen common inbred lines of maize including B73, B37, Zheng 58, Chang 7-2, Qi 319 and so on were selected to inoculate F. verticillioides, F. graminearum, and F. proliferatum on maize ears, stalks and sheaths, respectively. The suspension spores of F. verticillioides were injected into healthy maize ears along the filament channel with a continuous syringe at silk stage. The stem of the first aboveground segment of healthy maize was pinned and then injected with the suspension spores of F. graminearum. The suspension spores of F. proliferatum were injected into the sheath of the aboveground 2-5 internodes along the base of healthy maize sheath. Sterile water was used as control. In 2016 and 2018, experiments were conducted in fields to evaluate the disease index of ear rot, sheath rot and the lesion areas of stalk rot, so as to evaluate the resistance level to the ear rot, stalk rot and sheath rot.【Result】 The tested inbred lines Ji 853, OH43 and X178 were moderate resistance to ear rot, 13 of the tested inbred lines such as B73, B37, PH6WC, Ye 478, Zheng 58, 9058, Chang 7-2, Xun 928, Mo17, A619, PH4CV, Qi 319 and 13-1077 were sensitivity or high sensitivity to ear rot; 8 of the tested inbred lines including Qi 319, PH4CV, Mo17, 9058, B37, B73, Chang 7-2 and 13-1077 were moderate resistance and high resistance to stalk rot, 7 of the tested inbred lines such as Zheng 58, Ye 478, PH6WC, Xun 928, Ji 853, A619 and OH43 were sensitivity or high sensitivity to stalk rot; 15 of the tested inbred lines such as B73, B37, Zheng 58, Ye 478, PH6WC, 9058, Chang 7-2, Ji 853, Xun 928, Mo17, A619, PH4CV, OH43, Qi 319 and 13-1077 were moderate resistance or resistance to sheath rot. According to the population of 16 inbred lines, Reid group was susceptible to ear rot. Lancaster group and Tangsipingtou group were resistant to sheath rot. The resistant levels of other groups to Fusarium diseases dispersed to a large extent, and there was no obvious regularity.【Conclusion】 The tested inbred lines Ji 853 and OH43 showed moderate resistance or resistance to sheath rot and ear rot, 8 of the tested inbred lines including Qi 319, PH4CV, Mo17, 9058, B37, B73, Chang 7-2 and 13-1077 showed moderate resistance, resistance or high resistance to sheath rot and stalk rot, but the materials with good resistance to all three diseases had not yet been screened, and other germplasm resources needed to be further screened.

Key words: maize germplasm resource, ear rot, stalk rot, sheath rot, resistance evaluation, Fusarium spp.

渠清,李丽娜,刘俊,王绍新,曹志艳,董金皋. 我国部分常用玉米种质资源对镰孢菌病害的抗性评价[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(17): 2962-2971.

QU Qing,LI LiNa,LIU Jun,WANG ShaoXin,CAO ZhiYan,DONG JinGao. Resistance Evaluation of Some Commonly Used Maize Germplasm Resources to Fusarium Diseases in China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(17): 2962-2971.

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自交系 Inbred line	类群划分 Population	平均病情指数 Average disease index	抗性评价 Resistance evaluation
B73	瑞德Reid	7.60	HS
B37	瑞德Reid	7.60	HS
郑58 Zheng 58	瑞德Reid	7.20	S
掖478 Ye 478	瑞德Reid	6.60	S
PH6WC	瑞德Reid	16.80	HS
9058	瑞德Reid	6.40	S
昌7-2 Chang 7-2	唐四平头Tangsipingtou	13.20	HS
吉853 Ji 853	唐四平头Tangsipingtou	5.20	MR
浚928 Xun 928	唐四平头Tangsipingtou	8.40	HS
Mo17	兰卡斯特Lancaster	14.00	HS
A619	兰卡斯特Lancaster	9.60	HS
PH4CV	兰卡斯特Lancaster	9.40	HS
OH43	兰卡斯特Lancaster	5.20	MR
X178	P78599	5.40	MR
齐319 Qi 319	P78599	8.00	HS
13-1077	—	10.40	HS

自交系 Inbred line	类群划分 Population	平均病情指数 Average disease index	抗性评价 Resistance evaluation
B73	瑞德Reid	22.29	MR
B37	瑞德Reid	18.66	MR
郑58 Zheng 58	瑞德Reid	58.46	HS
掖478 Ye 478	瑞德Reid	93.41	HS
PH6WC	瑞德Reid	78.00	HS
9058	瑞德Reid	22.90	MR
昌7-2 Chang 7-2	唐四平头Tangsipingtou	26.82	MR
吉853 Ji 853	唐四平头Tangsipingtou	91.66	HS
浚928 Xun 928	唐四平头Tangsipingtou	66.27	HS
Mo17	兰卡斯特Lancaster	10.59	MR
A619	兰卡斯特Lancaster	42.07	HS
PH4CV	兰卡斯特Lancaster	12.66	MR
OH43	兰卡斯特Lancaster	37.22	S
齐319 Qi 319	P78599	2.82	HR
13-1077	—	23.40	MR

自交系 Inbred line	类群划分 Population	平均病情指数 Average disease index		抗性评价 Resistance evaluation
自交系 Inbred line	类群划分 Population	2016	2018	抗性评价 Resistance evaluation
B73	瑞德Reid	45.60	40.74	R
B37	瑞德Reid	57.78	28.89	R
郑58 Zheng 58	瑞德Reid	55.56	33.89	R
掖478 Ye 478	瑞德Reid	24.69	51.11	MR
PH6WC	瑞德Reid	—	55.56	MR
9058	瑞德Reid	—	26.67	R
昌7-2 Chang 7-2	唐四平头Tangsipingtou	55.56	27.78	R
吉853 Ji 853	唐四平头Tangsipingtou	20.31	23.08	R
浚928 Xun 928	唐四平头Tangsipingtou	—	30.00	R
Mo17	兰卡斯特Lancaster	24.69	23.33	R
A619	兰卡斯特Lancaster	—	27.78	R
PH4CV	兰卡斯特Lancaster	—	26.67	R
OH43	兰卡斯特Lancaster	—	34.44	R
齐319	P78599	22.84	26.67	R
13-1077	—	—	32.22	R