玉米种质资源抗腐霉茎腐病和镰孢茎腐病精准鉴定

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.02.003

中国农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (2): 265-279.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.02.003

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

玉米种质资源抗腐霉茎腐病和镰孢茎腐病精准鉴定

段灿星¹(),曹言勇²,董怀玉³,夏玉生¹,李红⁴,胡清玉¹,杨知还¹,王晓鸣¹

¹中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农作物基因资源与基因改良国家重大科学工程,北京 100081
²河南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,郑州 450002
³辽宁省农业科学院植物保护研究所,沈阳 110161
⁴吉林省农业科学院植物保护研究所,吉林公主岭 136100

收稿日期:2021-07-12 接受日期:2021-08-30 出版日期:2022-01-16 发布日期:2022-01-26
作者简介:段灿星,E-mail: duancanxing@caas.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0100103);中国农业科学院农业科技创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-2017-ICS);玉米藏粮于技(CAAS-ZDRW2020004)

Precise Characterization of Maize Germplasm for Resistance to Pythium Stalk Rot and Gibberella Stalk Rot

DUAN CanXing¹(),CAO YanYong²,DONG HuaiYu³,XIA YuSheng¹,LI Hong⁴,HU QingYu¹,YANG ZhiHuan¹,WANG XiaoMing¹

¹Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing 100081
²Institute of Cereal Crops, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002
³Institute of Plant Protection, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161
⁴Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling 136100, Jilin

Received:2021-07-12 Accepted:2021-08-30 Online:2022-01-16 Published:2022-01-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】建立和完善玉米种质抗腐霉茎腐病和镰孢茎腐病精准鉴定的方法,对遗传背景丰富的玉米种质资源进行腐霉茎腐病和镰孢茎腐病的抗性精准鉴定,筛选出对2种茎腐病具有稳定抗性的种质资源,为玉米抗病育种奠定基础。【方法】对2 004份具有广泛遗传背景的玉米种质进行多年多点的自然发病抗性鉴定,初步筛选出抗茎腐病或综合性状优良的代表性种质,用于人工接种鉴定;利用建立的茎基部注射接种法,对690份代表性玉米种质进行3年共6个环境的抗腐霉茎腐病和镰孢茎腐病精准鉴定。【结果】2016—2018年,在田间自然发病条件下,通过多年多点鉴定出508份种质对茎腐病表现出较稳定的抗性,高抗、抗病和中抗的材料分别为79、106和323份。建立和完善了玉米种质抗茎腐病精准鉴定的方法-茎基部注射接种法,利用该方法与土壤根埋接种鉴定的玉米对腐霉茎腐病抗性的相关系数（r）为0.87,镰孢茎腐病抗性的r值为0.84,表明2种接种方法的评价结果具有高度的相关性,但注射接种的玉米发病程度更充分。2018—2020年,在北京昌平、河南长葛和河南原阳,利用茎基部注射法对690份玉米种质进行了腐霉茎腐病抗性精准鉴定,表明各鉴定点的材料均发病充分,大部分表现感病或高感,仅有3.5%的种质表现出稳定抗性。6个环境条件下玉米对腐霉茎腐病抗性的相关系数为0.46—0.72,同一年度（2018、2019和2020年）2个鉴定点之间的r值分别为0.66、0.60和0.65;3个年度间种质综合抗性的相关系数为0.67、0.84和0.87,表明3年各点的鉴定结果具有较好的一致性。精准鉴定出24份对腐霉茎腐病具有稳定抗性的种质（冀资H676、辽2235、冀资14L88、冀资14L101、丹337、M02N-23、Y1747、HRB16232、T628358等）。在辽宁沈阳、吉林公主岭、吉林梨树3个鉴定点共6个环境条件下,对690份种质进行了抗镰孢茎腐病精准鉴定,其中,辽宁沈阳的种质发病充分,绝大部分材料表现为感病或高感,吉林梨树和公主岭的材料发病明显偏轻。6个环境下玉米种质抗性的相关系数为0.00—0.76,2018、2019和2020年2个鉴定点之间的r为0.12、0.04和0.05,表明同一年度2个点的鉴定结果差异大;3个年度间镰孢茎腐病综合抗性的r值为0.40、0.74和0.72,显示年度间综合抗性较为一致。共鉴定出5份种质（冀资C32、辽785、辽2235、吉资1034和16SD088）对镰孢茎腐病具有稳定抗性。690份种质对2种茎腐病抗性的r值为0.44,表明其对2种茎腐病的抗性存在中等水平的相关性。【结论】明确了2 004份玉米种质在田间自然发病条件下对茎腐病的抗性水平;建立了玉米抗茎腐病精准鉴定的新方法-茎基部注射接种法;精准鉴定了690份玉米种质对腐霉茎腐病和镰孢茎腐病的抗性,筛选出具有稳定抗性的种质各24和5份,是开展玉米抗茎腐病育种或品种抗性改良的重要抗源。

关键词: 玉米种质, 腐霉茎腐病, 镰孢茎腐病, 茎基部注射接种, 自然发病鉴定, 精准鉴定

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this study is to establish and perfect the method for precise characterization of maize germplasm resistance to Pythium stalk rot (PSR) and Gibberella stalk rot (GSR), and then precisely evaluate maize accessions with rich genetic background for resistance to stalk rot, and to screen out resistant germplasm and provide valuable resources to the maize community for enhancing disease resistance. 【Method】The total of 2 004 maize accessions with extensive genetic background were identified for resistance to stalk rot in multi-plot demonstration for three years under natural condition in order to preliminarily screen out germplasm with resistance or other excellent traits. Using drilling inoculation, precise evaluation of 690 maize germplasm for resistance to PSR and GSR was conducted at 6 different sites from 2018 to 2020. 【Result】During 2016-2018, 508 accessions with different resistance to stalk rot were identified at multiple sites in non-inoculated fields, including 79, 106, and 323 highly resistant, resistant, and moderately resistant germplasm, respectively. The method of drilling inoculation at the base of stem for precise characterization of maize resistance to stalk rot was established and perfected. Correlation coefficient (r) between soil inoculation and drilling inoculation for screening of maize resistance to PSR was 0.87, with 0.84 for GSR, indicating strong correlation between maize resistance to stalk rot identified by drilling inoculation and soil inoculation. Compared with soil inoculation, the severity of stalk rot on maize treated with drilling inoculation is higher. The precise resistance evaluation of 690 maize accessions to PSR was conducted with drilling inoculation at 6 different environments in Changping of Beijing, Changge of Henan, and Yuanyang of Henan from 2018 to 2020. The incidence of PSR was considerable and the majority of accessions were susceptible or highly susceptible, merely 3.5% of maize exhibited stable PSR resistance. Correlation coefficient of maize resistance to PSR between any two sites among six different environments varied from 0.46 to 0.72. The r values between two sites in 2018, 2019, and 2020 were 0.66, 0.60, and 0.65, respectively. The r values between pairwise annual comprehensive resistance to PSR among 3 years were 0.67, 0.84, and 0.87, indicating the resistance reaction of 690 maize accessions to PSR exhibited good consistency among different environments. A total of 24 maize germplasm expressed stable resistance to PSR, such as Jizi H676, Liao 2235, Jizi 14L88, Jizi 14L101, Dan 337, M02N-23, Y1747, HRB16232, and T628358, and so on. During 2018-2020, 690 maize resources were precisely identified for resistance to GSR with drilling inoculation at 6 different environments in Shenyang of Liaoning, Lishu of Jilin, and Gongzhuling of Jilin. The results indicated GSR on maize accessions in Shenyang was severe, with the majority of maize expressing susceptibility or high susceptibility, while it was significantly slight in Lishu and Gongzhuling. Correlation coefficient of GSR resistance in 690 maize germplasm between any two sites among six environments ranged from 0.00 to 0.76. The r values between two sites in 2018, 2019, and 2020 were 0.12, 0.04, and 0.05, respectively, indicating considerable differences in GSR resistance at two sites. The r values between pairwise annual comprehensive resistance to GSR among 3 years were 0.40, 0.74, and 0.72, showing annual comprehensive GSR resistance in 690 maize accessions were relatively consistent. The six-point experimental data showed that 5 accessions (Jizi C32, Liao 785, Liao 2235, Jizi 1034, and 16SD088) exhibited stable resistance to GSR. The r value of 0.44 between PSR and GSR resistance in 690 maize germplasm indicated moderate correlation between two stalk rot resistances. 【Conclusion】The resistance level of 2004 maize accessions to stalk rot was determined at multiple environments under natural conditions. The method of drilling inoculation at the base of stem for precise characterization of maize germplasm resistance to stalk rot was established and validated. The precise resistance characterization of 690 maize accessions to PSR and GSR was performed with drilling inoculation at 6 different environments among 3 years. Twenty-four and five maize germplasm expressed stable resistance to PSR and GSR at diverse sites among 3 years, respectively, which were important sources for breeding stalk rot resistant varieties or improvement of cultivar resistance.

Key words: maize germplasm, Pythium stalk rot, Gibberella stalk rot, drilling inoculation, non-inoculated resistance identification, precise characterization

段灿星,曹言勇,董怀玉,夏玉生,李红,胡清玉,杨知还,王晓鸣. 玉米种质资源抗腐霉茎腐病和镰孢茎腐病精准鉴定[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(2): 265-279.

DUAN CanXing,CAO YanYong,DONG HuaiYu,XIA YuSheng,LI Hong,HU QingYu,YANG ZhiHuan,WANG XiaoMing. Precise Characterization of Maize Germplasm for Resistance to Pythium Stalk Rot and Gibberella Stalk Rot[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(2): 265-279.

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病情分级Scale	描述Description
1	病原物未从接种处扩展 No visible spread of the pathogen from inoculation point
3	病斑扩展面积占接种茎节总面积1%—25% 1%-25% of inoculated internode symptomatic
5	病斑扩展面积占接种茎节总面积26%—50% 26%-50% of inoculated internode symptomatic
7	病斑扩展面积占接种茎节总面积51%—75% 51%-75% of inoculated internode symptomatic
9	病斑扩展面积占接种茎节总面积76%—100%,或扩展至相邻茎节 76%-100% of inoculated internode symptomatic, or spread to adjacent internodes

茎腐病平均病情级别SRS_A	抗性Resistance
≤1.5	高抗HR
1.6—3.5	抗R
3.6—5.5	中抗MR
5.6—7.5	感S
7.6—9.0	高感HS

名称 Name	发病率 Incidence (%)	抗性 Resistance	名称 Name	发病率 Incidence (%)	抗性 Resistance
冀资H676 Jizi H676	27.3	MR	G285	0.0	HR
C89	0.0	HR	郑32P75 Zheng32P75	7.1	R
冀资14L88 Jizi 14L88	26.7	MR	HRB16074	0.0	HR
16SD069	0.0	HR	冀资C32 Jizi C32	23.1	MR
丹337 Dan 337	16.0	MR	辽785 Liao 785	20.8	MR
M02N-23	27.3	MR	辽2235 Liao 2235	8.3	R
Y1747	9.1	R	吉资1034 Jizi 1034	28.6	MR
陇1627 Long 1627	24.3	MR	郑507 Zheng 507	14.2	MR
16NS545	7.1	R	郑134 Zheng 134	7.7	R
丹599 Dan 599	4.2	HR	214CTS	0.0	HR
吉资1046 Jizi1046	0.0	HR	5N76	4.2	HR
郑696 Zheng 696	21.4	MR	C89	0.0	HR
HRB16232	15.4	MR	Y378	4.5	HR
T628358	0.0	HR	161085	0.0	HR
W314	3.8	HR	121842	9.2	R
X48B	4.8	HR	Ds-12a	3.8	HR
辽50482 Liao 50482	0.0	HR	X901	3.6	HR
15-5C22	25.0	MR	浚248 Xun 248	3.8	HR
16Y1327-6	7.1	R	487	12.5	MR
PH6JM	3.4	HR	F33	12.5	MR
PHPMO	0.0	HR	辽785 Liao 785	0.0	HR
273	0.0	HR	Pa91	0.0	HR
沈135 Shen 135	9.1	R	MC7549	4.2	HR
16SD088	16.7	MR	铁0519 Tie0519	8.3	R
Y1711	4.8	HR	X324	0.0	HR
Y1720	0.0	HR	Y1630	4.2	HR
Y1754	4.2	HR	H050	0.0	HR
T5551	20.0	MR	YCM	14.3	MR
T5553	16.7	MR	YCF	15.4	MR

材料名称 Name	2018		2019		2020		最高抗级Scale	综合抗性Resistance	杂种优势群Heterotic group
材料名称 Name	北京昌平Changping, Beijing	河南长葛Changge, Henan	北京昌平Changping, Beijing	河南原阳Yuanyang, Henan	北京昌平Changping, Beijing	河南原阳Yuanyang, Henan	最高抗级Scale	综合抗性Resistance	杂种优势群Heterotic group
冀资H676 Jizi H676	5.0	4.7	4.7	5.5	5.3	3.0	5.5	MR	SS
辽2235 Liao 2235	5.3	4.9	5.1	3.7	4.4	5.5	5.5	MR	PB
冀资14L88 Jizi 14L88	3.9	3.5	4.7	4.0	4.7	4.5	4.7	MR	NSS
冀资14L101 Jizi 14L101	4.3	3.0	3.8	4.3	3.3	4.2	4.3	MR	NSS
丹337 Dan 337	3.9	3.1	5.5	2.8	-	-	5.5	MR	PB
M02N-23	5.1	3.5	5.5	3.0	-	-	5.5	MR	混合群Mixed
Y1747	5.2	5.4	4.9	4.5	-	-	5.4	MR	混合群Mixed
16SD088	4.2	3.2	3.9	4.2	-	-	4.2	MR	混合群Mixed
Pa91	4.5	4.7	4.8	4.8	-	-	4.8	MR	混合群Mixed
陇1627 Long 1627	-	-	-	-	5.5	5.3	5.5	MR	—
16NS545	-	-	-	-	1.4	3.5	3.5	R	Iodent
郑507 Zheng 507	-	-	-	-	5.5	4.6	5.5	MR	NSS
郑134 Zheng 134	-	-	-	-	4.5	3.6	4.5	MR	NSS
郑696 Zheng 696	-	-	-	-	4.7	3.4	4.7	MR	NSS
HRB16232	-	-	-	-	3.3	3.1	3.3	R	NSS
T628358	-	-	-	-	2.8	3.4	3.4	R	SS
161085	-	-	-	-	3.1	2.7	3.1	R	NSS
121842	-	-	-	-	4.3	2.4	4.3	MR	混合群Mixed
辽50482 Liao 50482	-	-	-	-	4.3	3.2	4.3	MR	NSS
15-5C22	-	-	-	-	4.5	3.5	4.5	MR	—
16Y1327-6	-	-	-	-	4.7	3.9	4.7	MR	NSS
487	-	-	-	-	3.5	3.0	3.5	R	混合群Mixed
F33	-	-	-	-	5.3	4.5	5.3	MR	NSS
273	-	-	-	-	5.3	2.4	5.3	MR	NSS

材料名称 Name	2018		2019		2020		最高抗级Scale	综合抗性Resistance	杂种优势群Heterotic group
材料名称 Name	吉林梨树Lishu, Jilin	辽宁沈阳Shenyang, Liaoning	吉林公主岭Gongzhuling, Jilin	辽宁沈阳Shenyang, Liaoning	吉林公主岭Gongzhuling, Jilin	辽宁沈阳Shenyang, Liaoning	最高抗级Scale	综合抗性Resistance	杂种优势群Heterotic group
冀资C32 Jizi C32	1.3	4.6	3.6	4.0	3.8	4.6	4.6	MR	混合群Mixed
辽785 Liao 785	3.0	4.4	3.3	4.3	3.1	4.8	4.8	MR	PB
辽2235 Liao 2235	1.6	3.3	4.2	3.6	3.8	4.4	4.4	MR	PB
吉资1034 Jizi 1034	3.1	3.8	3.8	4.5	-	-	4.5	MR	Lancaster
16SD088	1.0	3.8	2.7	3.6	-	-	3.8	MR	混合群Mixed

玉米种质资源抗腐霉茎腐病和镰孢茎腐病精准鉴定

Precise Characterization of Maize Germplasm for Resistance to Pythium Stalk Rot and Gibberella Stalk Rot

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