中国农业科学 ›› 2015, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (11): 2176-2186.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.11.009

• 植物保护 • 上一篇    下一篇

苯醚甲环唑和氟啶胺的两种制剂包衣种子对花生土传真菌病害的防治效果

管磊,郭贝贝,王晓坤,张大侠,王凯,刘峰   

  1. 山东农业大学植物保护学院/农药毒理与应用技术省级重点实验室,山东泰安 271018
  • 收稿日期:2015-01-12 出版日期:2015-06-01 发布日期:2015-06-01
  • 通讯作者: 刘峰,Tel/Fax:0538-8242611;E-mail:fliu@sdau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:管磊,E-mail:qdguanlei1989@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903033)

Control Efficacies of Two Preparations of Difenoconazole and Fluazinam by Seed-Coating Against Peanut Soil-Borne Fungal Diseases

GUAN Lei, GUO Bei-bei, WANG Xiao-kun, ZHANG Da-xia, WANG Kai, LIU Feng   

  1. College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, Taian 271018, Shandong
  • Received:2015-01-12 Online:2015-06-01 Published:2015-06-01

摘要: 【目的】中国花生产区普遍发生冠腐病、根腐病和白绢病,严重影响花生生产。研究旨在比较并评价苯醚甲环唑与氟啶胺的微囊悬浮剂(microcapsule suspension,CS)和悬浮种衣剂(flowable concentrate for seed treatment,FS)对3种致病菌的毒力、包衣种子对花生的安全性以及对这3种病害的防治效果,以明确不同剂型制剂的安全性、持效期和施药方法。【方法】分别采用孢子萌发法和菌丝生长速率法比较苯醚甲环唑和氟啶胺的CS和FS对花生冠腐病菌、根腐病菌和白绢病菌的室内毒力,采用种子包衣法评价苯醚甲环唑和氟啶胺的两种制剂对花生的安全性,并进行田间药效试验。【结果】6%苯醚甲环唑FS、15%苯醚甲环唑CS、50%氟啶胺FS和12%氟啶胺CS对花生冠腐病菌孢子萌发的抑制率差异较大,其EC50分别为0.0503、0.4959、5.6141和46.5433 mg?L-1;对花生根腐病菌的EC50分别为0.5386、2.8604、0.3780和28.1665 mg?L-1;对花生白绢病菌的EC50分别为1.1435、3.2615、0.0951和3.8920 mg?L-1,表明微囊化后有效成分释放速度均显著减慢。20和25℃恒温下,与对照相比,苯醚甲环唑FS和CS 50、100、200 g a.i./100 kg 种子、氟啶胺FS和CS 40、80和160 g a.i./100 kg 种子包衣对花生出苗率、出苗时间、根长及鲜重、株高和茎叶鲜重均无明显影响。田间试验结果,所有处理的花生出苗时间和出苗率均无差异,6%苯醚甲环唑FS和15%苯醚甲环唑CS 100、200 g a.i./100 kg种子包衣对花生冠腐病、根腐病和白绢病的防效均达68.03%以上,12%氟啶胺CS 160 g a.i./100 kg 种子对3种花生土传真菌病害的田间防效达74.97%以上,显著高于相同剂量的50%氟啶胺FS的防效。所有药剂处理均显著增加荚果产量,其中15%苯醚甲环唑CS 200 g a.i./100 kg种子处理的增产率最高,达7.22%—11.47%。【结论】6%苯醚甲环唑FS和15%苯醚甲环唑CS均在100、200 g a.i./100 kg种子,12%氟啶胺CS 160 g a.i./100 kg种子剂量下处理种子对花生安全,一次处理可以同时降低花生冠腐病、根腐病和白绢病的危害。

关键词: 苯醚甲环唑, 氟啶胺, 包衣种子, 花生土传真菌病害, 安全性, 毒力, 防效

Abstract: 【Objective】 In peanut production area of China, disease of crown rot, root rot and Sclerotium blight commonly occurred and caused heavier damage in recent years. The objective of this study is to compare the toxicity of FS (flowable concentrate for seed treatment) and CS (microcapsule suspension) of difenoconazole and fluazinam to three peanut soil-borne fungi and definite the safety, control efficacies and application methods of two preparations of difenoconazole and fluazinam by seed-coating against three peanut soil-borne fungal diseases. 【Method】 Firstly, the toxicity of two preparations of difenoconazole and fluazinam to Aspergillus niger, Fusarium solani and Sclerotium rolfsii were determined. Then the safety of seed-coating of the two preparations of difenoconazole and fluazinam on peanut was evaluated. Finally, field trial was conducted in order to confirm their control efficacies. 【Result】 The EC50 values of 6% difenoconazole FS, 15% difenoconazole CS, 50% fluazinam FS and 12% fluazinam CS in inhibiting A. niger were 0.0503, 0.4959, 5.6141 and 46.5433 mg?L-1; in inhibiting F. solani were 0.5386, 2.8604, 0.3780 and 28.1665 mg?L-1; in inhibiting S. rolfsii were 1.1435, 3.2615, 0.0951 and 3.8920 mg?L-1, respectively. All the treatments exhibited no significant difference compared with control check about peanut emergence rate and time, root length and fresh weight, plant height, fresh weight of stem and leaf (in an incubator at 20℃ and 25℃). In the field trial, all the treatments exhibited no significant difference compared with control check about peanut emergence rate and time. The control efficacies of 6% difenoconazole FS and 15% difenoconazole CS at the rates of 100 and 200 g a.i./100 kg seed by seed-coating to the three peanut soil-borne fungal diseases were all higher than 68.03%. The control efficacies of 12% fluazinam CS at the rate of 160 g a.i./100 kg seed by seed-coating to the three peanut soil-borne fungal diseases were all higher than 74.97%, which were higher than the same dosages of 50% fluazinam FS. Pod yield of all treatments significantly increased compared with control check. The yield growth rate increase of 15% difenoconazole CS at the rate of 200 g a.i./100 kg seed treatment was higher, and ranged from 7.22% to 11.47%.【Conclusion】Difenoconazole 6% FS and 15% CS at the rates 100 and 200 g a.i./100 kg seed, and fluazinam 12% CS at the rate 160 g a.i./100 kg seed were all security to peanut and were high-efficient in controlling peanut crown rot, root rot and sclerotium blight by seed-coating treatment.

Key words: difenoconazole, fluazinam, seed-coating, peanut soil-borne fungal diseases, security, toxicity, control efficacy