中国农业科学

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茶树钾镁营养特性与养分管理技术研究的回顾与展望

阮建云   

  1. 中国农业科学院茶叶研究所/农业部茶叶化学工程重点实验室,杭州 310008
  • 出版日期:2007-12-31 发布日期:2007-12-31
  • 作者简介:阮建云(1966-),男,浙江温岭人,研究员,博士,研究方向为茶树营养与施肥。Tel:0571-86650413;E-mail:jruan@mail.tricaas.com
  • 基金资助:
    浙江省国际合作项目(011106233);国家自然科学基金(30170553);中国农业科学院茶叶研究所与国际钾肥研究所(IPI)、加拿大磷钾研究所(PPIC)、硫酸钾信息委员会(SOPIB)的国际合作项目

Potassium and Magnesium Nutrition of Tea Plants and Management Technology

RUAN Jian-yun   

  1. Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and The Key Laboratory of Tea Chemical Engineering of the Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008
  • Online:2007-12-31 Published:2007-12-31

摘要: 该项目采用溶液培养、土壤盆栽和大田试验等多种试验体系,比较系统地研究了钾、镁和陪伴阴离子氯在茶树氮素营养、游离氨基酸代谢和运输生理方面的作用,发现钾、镁营养供应促进茶树对氮的吸收,提高茶树硝酸还原酶活性,镁还促进茶树游离氨基酸通过木质部和韧皮部的长距离运输;在室内可控条件下的试验发现氯化钾显著降低游离氨基酸含量,提出了过量氯主要抑制茶树对氮(NO3-)的还原利用以及影响茶氨酸从根部向地上部运输和在新梢中进一步代谢的观点。本项目还研究了我国茶园土壤钾镁状况及其空间分布与变化特点,采取多点多年和基本一致的试验方法,系统地评价钾、镁肥应用增加茶叶产量,提高茶叶品质,增强茶树抗病、抗旱能力的效果,提出了钾、镁肥施用技术。研究结果表明包含钾、镁肥的平衡施肥是提高我国茶叶生产力的重要措施。

关键词: 茶叶 , 钾 , 镁 , 氯 , 氮素代谢 , 游离氨基酸 , 茶叶品质

Abstract: Hydroponic, potted soil and field experiments were carried out to investigate the functional physiology of potassium, magnesium nutrition and their accompanying anion chloride versus sulphate on nitrogen and free amino acid metabolism and transport in tea plants. The results showed that N uptake, nitrate reductase activity and the accumulation of free amino acid especially theanine of tea plants were improved by increasing the supply of K or Mg. The long distance transport of free amino acid via phloem and xylem was also promoted by Mg supply. Application of K fertilizer containing Cl was found to reduce free amino acid accumulation under controlled conditions and it is suggested that the reduction of NO3- and transport of theanine from root to shoot and its catabolism might be affected by the supply of Cl. However, field experiments showed that potassium chloride within appropriate dose had similar effect as potassium sulphate. The availability status of K and Mg in tea soils and tea plant response to fertilizers application were systematically investigated. The distribution pattern and supply capacity of potassium and magnesium status of tea soils were revealed by analyses of typical samples taken from major tea producing provinces. A number of field experiments with uniform designs in different regions of tea production over years demonstrated the effect of fertilization with K and Mg on yields and quality of the major tea types, e.g. green tea, black tea, and oolong tea in China. Pot experiments or field experiment further revealed that resistances to drought and diseases of tea plants were improved by K application. Based on these results, K and Mg fertilizers application technology was developed. The overall results confirm that balanced nutrition including the nutrients K and Mg is an important measure contributing to productivity of tea in China.

Key words: Tea , Potassium , Magnesium , Chloride , Nitrogen metabolism , Free amino acids , Tea quality